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#a11y #siteimprove
Siteimprove Accessibility Webinar Series
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
Kevin Rydberg • Senior eAccessibility Consultant, Siteimprove
• @rydbergk
• linkedin.com/in/KevinRydberg
krysiteimprove.com
#a11y #siteimprove
Siteimprove Accessibility Webinar Series
50 Shades of Accessible Gray
Is it accessible or not?
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
#a11y #siteimprove
Siteimprove Accessibility Webinar Series
Disclaimer:
!
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
#a11y #siteimprove
Siteimprove Accessibility Webinar Series
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
#a11y #siteimprove
Siteimprove Accessibility Webinar Series
Under the AODA, a “disability” is defined as:
• Any degree of physical disability, infirmity, malformation or disfigurement.
• A condition of mental impairment or a developmental disability.
• A learning disability or a dysfunction in one or more of the processes involved in understanding or using symbols or spoken language.
• A mental disorder.
• An injury or disability for which benefits were claimed or received…
This broad definition includes disabilities of different sensitivity, visible as well as non-invisible disabilities, and disabilities which may be temporary or have effects that come and go over time.
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
What is a disability?
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Ranges of Disabilities
Hearing Loss
Full Hearing
Mild
Moderate
Moderately Severe
Severe
Profound
Totally Deaf
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
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Ranges of Disabilities
Eyesight
Macular Degeneration
Nearsightedness
Presbyopia
Retinal Detachment
Astigmatism
Cataracts
Color Blindness
Farsightedness
Glaucoma
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
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Ranges of Disabilities
EnvironmentalLow or limited bandwidth
Too bright or too dark environment
Noisy environments, like a coffee shop
Mobile devices, game consoles or other devices
Using old browsers or operating systems
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
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Interpreting the WCAG 2.0 Criteria
Success CriteriaTestable statement that will be either true or false when applied to specific Web content
TechniquesA quick reference guide to help understand how to meet the success criteria
Normative (criteria)Set requirements for conforming to WCAG 2.0
Informative (techniques)Provide guidance
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
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Guidelines vs. Best Practices
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
Normative - Success Criteria Informative - Techniques
Glenda Sims - Consistency In Expert Manual Accessibility Testing
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Guidelines vs. Best Practices
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
• Provide appropriate alternative text
• Provide appropriate document structure
• Provide headers for data tables
• Ensure users can complete and submit all forms
• Ensure links make sense out of context
• Caption and/or provide transcripts for media
• Ensure accessibility of non-HTML content
• Allow users to skip repetitive elements on the page
• Do not rely on color alone to convey meaning
• Make sure content is clearly written and easy to read
• Make JavaScript accessible
• Design to standards
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A few additional thoughts…
50 Shades of Accessible Gray
• Web accessibility impacts every technical discipline
• Accessibility must be included from phase one of your project
• Accessibility goes beyond technical criteria and checklists
• Accessible results are beyond standards compliance
Denis Boudreau - NAGW 2014 - Integrating A11y Project Lifecycle
January 2015
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Examples
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
• Alt Attributes
• Color Contrast
• Headings
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“alt” attributes
Which is the correct “alt” for this image?
a. alt=”image”
b. alt=”tree”
c. alt=”maple tree”
d. alt=”red maple tree”
e. alt=” red maple tree surrounded by multi-colored fall foliage”
f. alt=“ ”
appropriate
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
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“alt” Attribute Violation? No!
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
• 1.1.1 – Alt text length – Alt text value should be less than (x) characters.
• 1.1.1 – Alt text exact - if there is text embedded in the image, the alt text must include the exact text that is embedded in the image.
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Color Contrast
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
1.4.3 Contrast Minimum 4.5:1, 3:1 (large text) - AA
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Color Contrast Violation? No!
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
• Large Text (only needs to be 3:1)
• Incidental Text – decorative text or inactive/disabled form controls
• Logotype
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Headings
<h1> <h2> <h3> <h2> <h3> <h4>
<h2>
<h1> <h1> <h2> <h1> <h2> <h3>
<h1>
<h3>
<h1> <h2> <h2> <h3> <h4>
<h2>
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Headings Violation? No!
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
• 1.3.1 - H1 – more than one – Cannot use more than one H1 per page.
• 1.3.1 - H1 – at least one – when headings are used, at least one H1 is required
• 1.3.1 - Headings – skipping levels – do not skip heading levels
• 1.3.1 – Headings - general considerations
• If it is big and bold should it always be a heading? No
• Must there be content between headings? No, but usually
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TL/DR
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
• Disabilities cover an extremely large range of conditions
• The WCAG 2.0 Guidelines are just that—guidelines.
• There are many ways the guidelines can be interpreted
• The guidelines contain both normative (criteria) and informative (techniques) information
• Web Accessibility is not a checklist
• Your organization’s rules may also dictate your level of compliance
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Acknowledgements
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
• Glenda Sims - Consistency In Expert Manual Accessibility Testing
• Denis Beaudreau - NAGW 2014 - Integrating A11y Project Lifecycle
• WebAim.org
• Håbo Kommun - habo.se
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Siteimprove Accessibility Webinar Series
Josh Ditthardt
Sales Manager - Government Agencies
www.linkedin.com/in/joshditthardt
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015
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Resources
• http://www.grey.ca/services/accessibility/
• http://webaim.org/intro/#implementing
• http://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/understanding-techniques
• http://www.reactiongifs.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/bubbles2.gif
50 Shades of Accessible Gray January 2015