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2. Intermediate Technical JapaneseVolume 2: Glossary 3. IntermediateTechnical JapaneseVolume 2:GlossaryJames L. Davis University of Wisconsin-MadisonThe University of Wisconsin Press 4. The University ofWisconsin Press1930 Monroe Street Madison, Wisconsin 53711www. wisc.edu/wisconsinpress/ Copyright 2002 The Board of Regents ofthe University of Wisconsin SystemAll rights reserved35 42Printed in the United States ofAmericaCataloging-in-Publication data is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0-299-18564-8 5. Table of Contents-Volume 2Lesson 0: Review of Verbs and Verb Forms1Lesson 1: Mathematics I (numbers and sets)7Lesson 2: Mathematics IT (matrices, variables and functions) 19Lesson 3: Mathematics ill (solutions, statistics and models) 33Lesson 4: Computer Science I (fundamentals; part I)55Lesson 5: Computer Science IT (fundamentals; part IT)71Lesson 6: Computer Science ill (applications; part I)83Lesson 7: Computer Science IV (applications; part IT)93Lesson 8: Mechanics I (pressure and vacuum) 105Lesson 9: Mechanics IT (motion and flow)123Lesson 10: Thermodynamics I (fundamentals)137Lesson 11: Thermodynamics IT (applications) 147Lesson 12: Light I (fundamentals) 155Lesson 13: Light II (wave properties) 165Lesson 14: Light III (applications) 175Lesson 15: Sound I (fundamentals) 185Lesson 16: Sound II (applications)195Lesson 17: Magnetism I (fundamentals) 205Lesson 18: Magnetism II (applications)215Lesson 19: Electricity I (fundamentals) 225Lesson 20: Electricity II (applications) .231Lesson 21: Electricity III (semiconductors and superconductors) 239Lesson 22: Electronics I (transistors and diodes) 247Lesson 23: Electronics II (other circuit elements and basic circuits) 255Lesson 24: Electronics III (ICs)261Lesson 25: Electronics IV (other circuits and devices)269Lesson 26: Signals and Signal Processing I (fundamentals) 277Lesson 27: Signals and Signal Processing II (applications)285Lesson 28: Computer Hardware I general) 295Lesson 29: Computer Hardware II (memory and recording)303Lesson 30: Polymers I (fundamentals)309Lesson 31: Polymers II (MW, DP, viscosity and processing) 319Lesson 32: Polymers ITI (properties and applications) 329Lesson 33: Materials I (ceramics; fundamentals) 341Lesson 34: Materials II (ceramics; applications)351Lesson 35: Materials III (glass, carbon and diamond)363 -v- 6. Lesson 36: Materials IV (metals) 375Lesson 37: Materials V (material processing) 389Lesson 38: Materials VI (material properties)399Lesson 39: Interdisciplinary Topics I (magnetic and electrical interactions) 407Lesson 40: Interdisciplinary Topics IT (electrochemical, biochemical and bioelectronic interactions) 415 -vi- 7. Lesson 0: Review of Verbs and Verb Forms0.1) connective form of a verb~BIJO)I 7 /{ YO) special~Ary(pure) number {Also read 7J) 9 to refer to a "count"}fftt }/~1existence1~0)=/10)arbitrary... ~:~tG-C... :?71 G-Cwith respect to ..., with regard to ..., for ...~fJftJ t~ fJ t~Jto be valid, to hold true, to consist oflfit~.Q?7 /t~.Q simple, mereac~:t=- :Jrysymbol~$ ~/~ryarithmetic operation, algorithm... cc7).-CJ:v) we may consider, we may view ~ .:L ry =Jry-~set, collection7t 7/ element~< 7J)< to write... 7J) Gt~~to consist of ..., to be made up of ...0.2) conjunctive form of a verbfIJr; sum, peace, harmony, JapanffF9.Q ~3ry9.Qto namet~ti. 1 Jt~ti.DC:Jonly oneJE~.Q~t!.~~ to be determined1lJ~$j{1jjJjJ/,*ryj7 commutative law*S~$j{1j * 7 Y :J~ ry ry j 7 associative law~~: I 7~:especially, in particular~~~-~tt?7~7/1T37--t1 multidimensional uniformity~JE7/71 test~~ 71~/ calculation, computation~~t~ 3 ry1 t~ easy, simplefI{PJ!L~ ~~7/A7pseudorandom number!XJ~ 7Y7/weakness, fault, shortcominggij G7J) ~: 9 ~ 3!> ~ t; 7J) ~:9 ~to clarify, to make clearfilu O)~U to desire, to wish forDD$ addition*$multiplication... ~:--=>v)-rconcerning ..., regarding ..., for ...7t~$j{rj 7"//1 ,*ryj 7distributive law~jtv17/ zero elementlfifjf:jt?7/17/ unit elementPJ~1*jJjJ/?71 commutative fieldfF.Q --=>C:~~ to seek, to demand1.i$.*7$9method, manner, technique*531J~1~Ygeneral classification!A.(J)-:J~(J)next, followingft~~ =z.J!t1variety, kind, sort1.13) tt~J .y=z./~3 order, sequence A11$9J? transitive lawin other words, that isI3jJJ*,J~~~9t1=3 automatic controltJ!l4JJ1!~ :1T/ 1) 0 /classical theory~~ C: Iv C (J)~~ ~~ C: Ivc (J) ~td!> lvin almost all caseslliAn~ / ==z. 9 1) 3 ?single inputllitfjn~ / ~ =z. Y 1) 3 ?single output~~7 -{- ~/Y? t/717 -{-~/Y?linear feedback control system *,J~~ATAt1=3~ATA -10- 17. to handle, to treat, to deal with1.14) &rJ.if, if it is(m, n) ~fi~J (m, n) tJ~t::..:fa 3 7 vYm x n matrix, matrix of (m, n) type~- tJ7- each-ii-:J{counter for many small objects}~JJ7 ]--.)J, vYJ7 ]--.)J,column vectorif we do so, thereupon, then, socharacteristicparametersequence (of numbers)to taketermprevious 0 C: --:J ~ v~" among1 Jti~t Dc.Jti~tonly one~,-r 1Jt~ G-ralways {with affmnative predicate}~JllaJ=tt --e/~.:L/~3t1total ordering*t~~d:or~iJ t)light~1: 1Yt1generation, production occurrence7fl~ "!T/7/scattering=t:~m~g 7V:/Y!/T/ point of discontinuity~yt}~ 1~-17/ singular point, singularity{fJ: 71A9coefficient~}J..rYx /O)OO~~ ~}~7 ~ /O)jJ /71 ~;f Boltzmann equationtlffl I/37 invoking, quoting claiming 7.I./t-ol::- entropy7t~ :J7t/light ray(tij~ tr~ direction orientation 7~t:9~ :~?f:9~to reverse., to do backwardsMm~O) ~;t;b~b(i)anterior. tovard the front~1ltqO) ? 0~ tJ~b(J) posterior, toward the back~~~ ~3rJT/focal point -23- 30. 2-1: fiJIJrT~J .:39VY matrix!I 71/ring~~PJ~-f* r:7171/~1noncommutative field~~-f*~YA9~1real number field~~~-f* 7?JAry~1complex number field... ~~i1~~v) ...~;!~l;)i1~.f:).f:)v)it often happens that ...-1:. -V3 ry on ...-00-::1 {counter for many small objects }*O)et 5 tJ: J~O)et5tJ:such as the following~1Jm 7-3ry*ry71 rectangle~1R/17-arrangement, layoutff4JJX:::1ry--e1construction, composition~7t~1J/ component, element1J5~~ et~~ to call, to name1:.~2~3ry:f-the above (mentioned) Gb9 to write out, to express in writing~-f*t3"JtJ:7~ -5-1 T:f-tJ:tangible, specific, definite11):*?~:f- mode, method, form, system~T G309 to show, to indicate~OO~ 3r)7J/A?explicit function=JJ100f* =:Jr)7J/7-1 binary relation~OO~ -1 /7J/A?implicit functionljx~ 3!>t::..x~ to give, to impartWJ~~ ~3""-/A? parameter~1r~~/17J1""-/A? parameterWJ~~~~ ~3""-/Ar7l:::3r)V parametric representationIOCff_~T37"t:f-~.:z.?:1? Cartesian product~5t1JNit e7~/*r7T1~=t: differential equationii-f*77~1 falling bodyJ!!fJJ ?,/Pr) motionElEB1i~~::Lr)7YjJfree fall#.11*:/Y-51object, body~ra V7J/time0 .. 0) 5!>~:(with)in ...IlSfII :f- 3I)distance-ti~t exactlyri~ fallclause + c9n~1if we suppose ...DDJml3t acceleration-lEO) fixed, constant -28- 35. ~J! / Y 7/ discoverym~weight~.s~;t6~ to chooseflftfi~~7/:j-value of an integral jjr)A(J)~itjJr):A(I):J?~=t:Gauss" formula;mjjjc~ I) 3 ?*r) c t> both I3wfet :)::J..r)IJ.free-is -~-1 {counter for large machines and vehicles}~~O)7?:A70) multiple, pluralA~(}C(J.c. people~.m:tD77b~.7 3 970 7~7.b..application programm-ftO)J:I/~~4 (J)modemfMitIIJ:!~-t1:3 I) 0::/ control theoryA,~ ~)*{>now right now 7I~7DtA::J.7~3ry:1DtAindustrial process~Jjl/D-tA iJ/:t-37/0tAenvironmental process~11i~-l:T)v 7-1-if1 ti7-l:T)Veconomic model. . Ol:JJJ -C~)~...~:tt)t~JLl-).Qhas reached the point of ...-37- 44. unstable~~fI1A7~alphanumeric character~~ =/~=l= recognition, cognition7C~EJ9)(f~1& ::J7jJ7T=l=-~~J:~c:t]optical character reader~tflJ7=J-/iNj: *9T1~=l=- equation~~/iNj: ~~1 A7*771 ~=l=-algebraic equation~flRm~ A7=J-1J 1 *7numerical solution~9G~ ... c:~t ;Q)tJ: G9G ~... c:~tnot limited/restricted to ... tJ~~Gt~V)1J~Gt~v)m::J/root~fii~t~A7=J-71~/numerical calculation/operation/iit.*9*9method, manner, technique*glj ~1Ygeneral classificationIx(/) -:J~(/) next, followingilIf~fii =l=-/~=J- approximate value1:j. 7.. -c tJ) t:> Jt.J t~ 7.. -ctJ t:> after giving, after imparting*~Il "t-1~ precision, accuracy~lxGf(~ =J-7 ~1J 1) 3 7 successive/sequential improvementG-Cv) v)-CJ:v) (we) may usel&*G-C~~.:z.7J7G-C~even if (it) convergesimll J7~rate, velocity~v).B~V) slowilI-:5 rJJ:lt~ betteriR-S~;t 6.s~ to chooseM)~-/O)"-1 ));-- -;I (J)closed loopa~fiflO) iJ-1 I) 3" -tJ-1 ::JO) improvement final, last-1 "//f)J,,-AAJJ -1 "//~)~A=3. :7 1) 3? impulse inputA7~/A1J.A T~ -;1=::1. r) I) 3? step input... J:~t9-Q... 1:~19~with respect to ..., with regard to ..., for ...iAill~~~it j]f~7fr)f?-t1 transient response characteristicsiJAlJEJlIJ$lJJII:JT:/T:=-.y~?--e1:3 classical automatic control theoryJ1I!if8 1]0/~L,lt) It-;t;-QL,(,,) remarkable, considerable, striking~M :37t:f- accomplishment, achievement... O)l--:J... Q)(}C:Jone of ...~JjJIJ1! }::/~Y*9criterionJa1DtIt~J!i~ .:I. 7 JA 7) 3 91 ::t-frequency domainNyquist fJLWfNyquist 4=-t =t:- Nyquist locusm*tJ9fct :J"/~/T:f-1J: fundamental, basicJtfct-Q~c.fJ.-Qto differm2*titw.*fjit~1 =~tjJ1 ?T-1t:/World War IIIi! almost. roughly, approximately%JiX completionC~0Cin passing, by the waytt~1tifJT=f:;.:I.YtJ?~/ technological innovation~L~:t~ c; rJ:and, in addition (to that)-43- 50. ~7j{IJ$fJ~*I~ 7-1J7t-1:3=t:=t:measurement and control equipment~f!g/Y ~-1invention__li9tJ:=t: 7-1 =t:3T tJ:wonderful, amazing, miraculousilI ~$fJ~Jlf! ~ =t:/~+-1t-1:3) 0/ modem control theoryrm< OG< to open {transitive verb}imm Y7Y/communicationf4~ tJjJ7 science~Ji /YT/development, growth%i< JJ::< stronglyW1JiWlY7=t: stimulation, stimulusf1lmf4~ :/37$7tJjJ7 computer/information sciencem~tJ: :;::L 7 3 7 tJ: important~B~tJ::J /=~T=t:tJ: modem, up-to-dateijl~O)7/~-10) modem~*3tJ:~~-1tJ: various, varied1& l] fJltr cJ) C: -:5 < to base upon ...f.lJItJi-~general determinationJ:: t) ...more ..._if~ 7/2.YtI.strict severe, rigorous7~JEJ9T~hypothesis, supposition, assumptionBJ_m ~~.:L9~~/(statistical) populationaq*iJ~ I):II::: 3 .1$/random sampletI**~B.Jf{ 1::3.7*/ ~T~A9sampleunknown (population) parameterr9 inside~ interior, inner part1iUffl~ :t=-3?~3~1 local name~/7/ declaration~fi)( :/Y::Jr)//executable statementJlfJ~L, < t] ~;t L- repetition, repeatedly ~ iteration71~)( :t/::f-//branching statement~rr$~Y:J?-:fexecutable part/portionAtlTfPJ~(,~tt~::J r) .19nestingmilt) tJ ~ 1J. t) stacking, overlappingt>t~itQto give~ to provide11$4 ::t--t1regulation, control-:fD~~X 7D~7//block statement;WJ:1D~l7 b 7?/D?7b.subprogramw~$ t/7:/:tdeclarative part/portion0iJ~m~$ v1jj1~3 )7exception handli~g part/portion(3)tEJ~ :;7/:;~/ oneself, itselfJltttl9~r.Jtf-9 to call, to summon~~O)1ii-10)other than~ except forfY)~l19t~ ~1 :;T:f-t~explicit~J:fv:J-~ -:fY I) v:J- ~physical record-74- 81. 2 ~~2ti~fiI=~=f?t7j7T secondary storage~2fitl-1* =f?t7 /1 ~1 storage medium~~~77A7:JseveraUmultiple itemsI!!I~jJ1A7 count, number of times, frequency~~ "~to decrease (in size or number), to diminishl:tJ~~ (6tJ~~ to rise, to go up, to be promoted, to enter (a dwelling)size, magnitude5-4: iJimi2t1~2ti*==-::t?7"1memory system7t_~ll :t / 1) ~? 1) Y separating and becoming independent~2ti1JJ:t=f?t?*7~=fstorage/memory (system)-~U-tJ~Vpertaining to ..., on the part of ...{&~7~VAjJj77~VA virtual addressfnBJ1l!7~VA0 / 1)7~VA logical address~7~VA~Y7~VAreal address, actual address~!1I!7~VA7~Y1) 7 ~ VAphysical address{&~~21ifl_ jJj7=f?t7=f:J7virtual storage/memory (device)$fJ~ t1~7 constraint, limitation, restrictiontiflljJ/T]relaxation{OC~7 ~ VA~r~, jJj77~VA77jJ/ virtual address spaceJJJ~MWC~ ~ 7T=f"!Y1 /1 T dynamic relocation}Xiii//~/on the other hand~2ti~~ ==-?t? 7J /1) memory management~m ~YJ;I/implementation, materialization, realization1JteI. ~ considerably, quite, ratheri9ilt:J7~high level, height, altitude$fJ~mt1:337 for use in control7~VA~~ 7~VA~/jJ/address translationUPJi~Jffitt =f37~3~/~37t1 locality of referencesm~ibt~5 to accompany~1JfJ::t:- 3 ry I) 3 ?-a powerfut strong potenty7~I/AmJEm1re7~I/A~T1:f-/9addressing function/capabilityT-5M~T-~:J7,/r)data structure~~7~1/:A:;~:Jr)7~1/:Aeffective address1:1i~M ~1"t1=t=-:J7 production mechanismIWJE7/T1 limit, restriction!1m Jr)fJ increasemJUJ~3~initial stage, early period7 t:VA~.J7t:v:At-1-e1address-generating hardware1- ~?.:r.7J- ~r).:r.7ftfdliM-ftT1fJfJtJfJ price reduction~fT~1 ~)v~;J:J r)-!t-1 tJ J~ execution cycle~fIt~ATb. //~/~ATb.distributed systemiljjlj-j=-~4=-~Y~ identifier~ftfjM~ttJ:*x:5~ naming~~ ;J ~ .:Lief!:t:.y;J~.:L:t:-~? cache memoryA v-:/~GtiAv-7~~? slave memoryJ{ Y 7 7 -getiJ{;J7Y-=i=-;t!Jbuffer memory***/71 by nature, essentially, originally~~~ ~/7/~-1explorersjiM ~~1materials. suppliesL,*Jlt3t~tloto entrustJ-A7~IJjJ/ j-A7 ~ IJjJ/North American Aviation Corporationtit~~tt :Jr)?7jj1~~itAfJ-1 =:::L 7intervention, involvementil/J1W~-1~37JT/ minimum levelEJlIJit-yJ-:r)jJautomationflfifT1J?low speedJliJillAlli1J.y :::L 7 ~ :/ =.:L 7 ~ .:I. Y 1) 3 -7 peripheral input-output deviceJ7T ~-tellm-__I.1-e17-1.ry-/::f- satellite computerm~T-:f~_ ~:t-T-/JryT (magnetic) tape drive~ATAm11t ~ATb.::rrJt1 system configurationJa1Jl1~1l~.:L7~/yry=rperipheral equipment/deviceAlli1J$tJfqI =::L ry~::L Y I)3 ?t-1: 3input-output control~m/D?7~/!/~:;::Lr)/DJy~72 :/~ multiprogrammingn:&J/ version {for software), edition (for books }~~ --it-- intention, aim, designBJJIltft ~-1tJ?tJ definition, clarificationt**ft~-1J;-1fJsystemizatioD organization7tim:f-~ scale, scope*t~ ;f- 3 .y -1 t~ huge, gigantic, mega-J7~9I7fBfIJ7~9.I.7:t-4=software crisisJ7l.I.7I~J7~7I.7:Jr)jj? software engineering~~ 71::fturning point opportunity, chance7ilJ:lli: ~1~3r:71 high-endmt~7/7-1 prototype, pattern, model, archetype -80- 87. ~,:/.y=t:-the same time ~"J:/thought, ideaffiM*I ffiM =t:- ffiMcomputeritfifflgt_lI ~373?7-1~/=t: commercial computerMi*~ ~j:G*~to begin, to commence~~~J/ ~?5T-1semiconductor~flf~tif,N ~-=z.Q~=t-7J:.y-=z.Yintegration technology*~t9~tJ:tJ~~t9~" pastlbeyond the middle~f.~:J7-t-1/:/high performance~n /:/1) 37 ability, capability7t~f~7/~/7Jdecentralization~imtJ: =t:- -=z. 7 "J 7 tJ: rapid, quickimrrGMi~~~ / :J r) G~j: G~ ~to begin to advance/progressimIAflJffl :J~/1) 3:/ individual/personal use~m ~Y!7connection, joint, attachment7 7-1 )vfi~77-1 )v-r / "J?file transfer7 7-1 )v~~ 7 7 -1 )v 1) 3 r) -1 =t-file area/domain*t~.:IJ~~to extend over or into, to straddle7D-tArJ3imrn~~7D-tA7J/Yr)~/=t-/r)interprocess communication functionm~D1;}-1 /*lfre I/tJ7D~-1/=t-/7remote log-in function~-~tJ:~ :/-1 Y-r=t-tJ: unifieditOOl-1 ~=t consciousness, sense7t~~ 7/~/tJ~t~distributed (type)~~ ~/tJ-1 stage, phase, step1iffi~ tJtJ7 price~1dfi:J:/tJ high pricef.OO~-1/? performance~j!J / Y =t: exhibition, displaymttl tJ:tJ~tlflowM!v~J)Jj=FO)J:: v~ ":J iJ~ V~ tJ "? -c 0) J:: vconvenient/easy to use5-14:V.yA~-- ffiJ a2it ~ til-1T~=t:;t7"Jr)T temporary storagew:mV.yA~t/3r)V.yA~-dedicated registera2fi7 ~ VA ~-=z.=t-::t77~vAmain memory address registerV~A~V~A~aallT-~ ~.:z.=t:;t7T-5T main memory data registerV~A~V~A~fTv~~9v~ :sz:.tJ:v~9veasy to conduct/perform/carry outfff~ /1737double length-81- 88. -82- 89. Lesson 6: Computer Science III (applications; part I) :f-J7rule, regulation, convention 7~VAYr1*:7Y:f- mode/method of addressing11771 /lIi~H11771/I./-if/:f- pipeline computinglarithemetic unit~~t.Q~? ~t.Q to create, to establish~~JtJJfF ~1v~~:7"!tparallel operation/processingIt,**,YI7-7 1~*,Y17-7semantic network machine~Y/ ~Y/{computer science} low price time-sharing system7D~7b.gm programming languaget~titj ~:immediately, readily, at onceiI?~n~?to differ, to be differentff4)tniJlU :J :7 7~ /:f- J 7 syntaxIt,*nlltU1~:f-J7semantics6.3) verb [conjunctive form] + ~:Q; verb [conjunctive form] + ~tJ:l/~~~-gm 0 / 1) n~t~J:I/:J logic language~J&YY 11 failure~f*t&M :J7~1*:7Y-Vblack body radiation7Citr{OC~:J :7 1) 3 :7 ~ 7J ~ ~light quantum hypothesis~~d:~already, now~??t~n~? to doubt, to question, to suspect-~-;;-;;~fact, truth, realitytt~~M1l!tJ: t:. tJ 7 r:t-tJ /~ /tJ:comparatively simpleM~fM~mfJT~1~~:J7!7tJ1t:t precise structure analysis*5tra7YY37 crystalJJj{rJ:I/~ atom*5~mT7tm 7~:1r)T/Y~/7bound electron distributionJM9.Q~Y9.Qto reach, to attain, to arrive-83- 90. 6.4) connective negati,-e + tl + J:: It); connective affirmative + t> + J:: tr); provisional affirmative + J:: tr); present affirmative + iifJt J: t); past affirmative + 1ifJf J: (,) continuous distribution function to return, to go back, to trace back to rethink, to reconsider~G~7 ~VA symbolic address9Cl= before, ahead~ previously~ formerly :J v 7 .~ - :" ~ 9~/T /- 1) .:L ry collector breaking/interrupting current6.5) connective form + ~ 0 7/column~ field 1T~37 one line :JT171~~fixed form(at)tJ~~Itf14 11 :i=-:t-:J r) pumping/exhausting mechanismj[~-@;bito c; tJ lt:"7 r-:f--~- ~thumb-shift keyboardJt~~at.:c~=/~=t=character recognition~*11 fQjjjlJ mItt/J*r):Jr)J.Y~Y~ line, stroke element density in different regions (of the character)JaJi!17tffl ~.:L?~/-.f// marginal distribution~i?9 shadingI~-/_ftt!1,~-/t1 :J:7*7 pattern matching method~T~?~!;Jnoticing, perceiving, paying attentiont)lt~_~)J; i?T 3 7 cell featureslli:ffJ~_ 1~7~?T37 topological featurestt~~ffilfimlt ~1/7~17J7J?t. cost-performance comparison-92- 99. Lesson 7: Computer Science IV (applications; part II)=t:tJ1*/~7 machine translationT37t:Y*7~=t:direct method7/7/:Jsource languaged!>v~-C7/:1target language~f!~tJ: ~~/t1 -r=t:tJ: elastic~f!~tJ: */t1-r=t:tJ: viscous~,~ *5to behave (as)*/~37 combustionl::"!T/fJt1:1Y~:Yoxidizable substance/material*:Yheat~/7J oxidation7.2) J J/1 } 7delivery:J 7 7J 17J~*7 ~=t: public key systemPffi=j-!]!~ 7/:17 1)D /theory of cryptographyfitJtJ: :1.7 1) 3 7 tJ: powerful, influentialJit~:14=-weapon~- 1) Y 7tJ D equal amount/quantity caloric7i!1ll:~~/~:/37~37temperature rise~~it~tt{9iJ*:Y3 7 1) 3~~7l::v1 7heat capacity inverse proportion~~t~c:~t~to dissolve, to fuse, to melt71~ ~37A7small number, few, a minorityi5 t1f11tJYt1~.:J.. active speciesiI ~ft~ Ji1*V/"!TT/7Y71chain carrier-93- 100. monomer reaction7.4) ~~ syntax constraint, limitation, restriction the person in question, the person himselflherself signature 7/fJ-1/rJ resolution -!t-1 ~~-1 ~Y J) 3 rJ A rJ mass number ~/Y discrimination7.5) fiiJ 6 ~Q) )v-1 :; similarity, analogy Jr/~::J..Y detection ~~7~:t: meta-knowledge Jr-1t-1 formation voice, speech (sound) figure, graphic(s) attention, noticeT~:;~ )v~ijT~:;~ )V~3 ~1 digital signatureY:.7/text, statement~IDE~=/~3rJ~ authenticator~~ :J3t~91~ without (possessing)ff~:J?1 act, deed~IDE)( =/~3":1/ authentication text~~ ::Jry tJ?qualification, success~~J r) }-1 delivery~tg*fJ"/safekeeping, custody~~ 1-1 ==-disposal-sg~ tJ~1J :/1)key management~1I{tn-1Jr)jJstratification, classification, layering~.A~-@ XA~-tJ~~ master key~rml!1.iit :J 7 jJ -1 tJ~*ry~:fpublic key systemIt.Wi~~jjittJ~:;t!-/117*r)~=t-key predistribution systemactually~ in fact, really -95- 102. -nlnl~f-1-r*ry:J ry jJ ~ At) one-way function~{fml-y=j-~!J ~/ sending and receiving (parties)~tr ~Ttrto steal-J::>~~ is ..jog, is in the process of ..jng~mJO):J?iJ-1(J) public , open (to the public)~ttlt~~T-~J-Anetwork databaset1~f*T--~~-AV.:L/7J/7-1T--~~-Asemirelational database~1*~fJm7J:/7-17J:/r: relational complete~*-gm7:/-tt?7/::Jsearch languageT-~W!fFmtm T-~JtJ"!t=t-/9data manipulation function:JY~CockltJj~ JtJ~ creation, foundingft5 :85to owe (something), to bear (a burden)ffiM* ffiM~-v ffiM Corporation-tt://-e:fiJfjtPJT -tt//-e7/=t-::L9~3San Jose Research Center... ~~d:G~ starting with ..., beginning with ...~~~T)J;m11*~T)J; * t.i -1 /~T)J; 7J:/7-1::CT)J; conceptual model relational modelWJt)1JI9 ~ fJ ~d:t~9 to isolate, to detachm1~tt~f 7J:/A9:/::LtJ/?t-1 functional dependency~fm:tt~tt~7-:/::L9/?f!.-1 multivalued dependency*5~fJt~ttJ:r Y -::J tJ :/ ::L tJ /? t -1 join dependencyjif.~~/?t-1 ~::Li)::J9 attribute set~F~@]1:::/::L:/tJ-1incomplete cycle~~PJ~t~1:: 3 tJ7:/tJ / tJt~expressable, representable~PX:it ::ftJt-1*9synthetic method~Hl~*5~b.J/~Y7Y::frylossless join~~fF ~~?J9-tt reverse/inverse operation7tftR.it -:!:/7J-1*tJdecomposition method~9 bC9to return, to give back~:.t5 ~~: mainly, primarily2lJ{~ffi =:Jry1J/7-1 binary relation~UMi:lfJ7~~~ creator, founder~)l0:/7+:/ paper, article, thesis, treatise~:lf 7-3~~ author~1Joo~*7~:/ many fields, many directions~~=F~I;- :/-tt? ~ .:L -31+:/ means/method of searching~i*R~tJ :/7-1-31+-1 A 7 relational algebra~i*~~tJ /7-1 0/,1) relational calculus-ltlti~J~-1Y1J/t-1t-1Y? integrity constraint -99- 106. tiE~i1:/.:Lt7Y?-e-1dependency~mB91;:t:;Y3ryT:f~practical~ in terms of practical applicationYiit!!7/7standpoin~ viewpoin~ in terms ofmil ~r)-1difference~ discrepancy.. ~ ~nuO).. ~1--e/0)before ~ .., prior to ...s~~ll ~~T~~a certain degree, a certain extent~~//~/beginning*~5~-e1 general trend (of the times).. current thought7-10: A.I~tm.A.I~fjg://:J9={-/r:; artificial intelligencefTtJJ :Jr)~ry behavior. action~fl ~v~ command~ order.. instruction~~jj?~::::Lry learning, studying~Ji9A/9 brains, intenect~ head~W1Wfil ti1tJ-1:/3r)"*r)external information~ infonnation from the outside worldm1t ~jJ?vision~7C :/7/dimension~~~/-!T?searchiOOftJ.lIJti/rylJjJ1 image understandingifPi~Ji. ;t/~1 ::J?"t1speech synthesis)(_1=:1:1/~39-e1-e1sentence generation/production--D~:J!,(1)fTlfJMiOO_~13J_JE~alJ):itfj_~tf(jll*D~:J!,Q):Jr)~771tJ7/"/7.:L 9~~~7~:t=- ~ 3 ry ~7-1 1)~:Jr)~?:iT~~"/~?fplanning of a robofs actionscategoryfactual knowledgetheorem prooftrial and error search~M_~t!..:J~1tJ?yY absolute certainty~ff..1I!ff..tJ-1tJ1-e1J1 outside world, external worldI3cJ~1 ~:J71-e1self-organization~m7"/~::J..~detection~~~at ;{77~:f- meta-knowledge~.6X: 7-1-e1formationJL~~~~Sf~ ~/ I) jj ?T:f7 /:t-::L r) psychological research~mfl.~=/7tJjj?cognitive science~~~/:;39birth:r:r..AX~/chess-playing machine {computer science}~/tJ-~McCarthy~-~~~/iJf~;t-~x~/7/:t=-.:J.ry automaton research~.- i~A*~~-~~A~1jj? Dartmouth CollegemllR-l:*? imitation, mimicrym*EtIJJIDE~:1.71yt:"~3r);{1origin, derivation, historyautomatic proof-WirD,mm~~l :J/~/t/517J1TY~general problem solverPR~ tJ1~r)answer, solution~~7tm -1/A7-:f/fJ1 factorization (of a polynomial)fl~~~ t / :f- 3 ? T:f- t~active, proactive, aggressive, positive -100- 107. to take up vision7-11: AI~tm~~/ artificial intellingence machine{computer science}T~:}jJ:/ 1)knowledge managementt:/3971~:/:} dedicated machine, special-purpose machine {computer science}fft~m~A10:/:}j]1 inference machine {computer science}~Jm~fT:J7J7~~:J9 high-speed execution:t~.:cTJv-1 ~ .:cTJVsemantic model:i:~*~i7-7-1~*~i7-7semantic network~JfJ9~?3:79~ to use frequently/oftenJ~~~m ~:J7j]T1thought process{es)~$X ~::Lr)T:/flexible:J~9t1~*synthesis, composite, combination1) Ai 9l1~~~ 1) A l ~ 3 1) :} J :7list processing function(ality)*fj!JfltJv~~3:7tJvunused celliljJt V/~chain, connection~t~t~ &J G t~t~ new, novel~9~J:99to take off, to undo, to detach~~tJv 73 :7"tJvunnecessary cellIf?~:/ group@JJ&j]1~::J-:7recovery, retrieval~c7;-_ ~9l1~ ~c7;-~J~~3 1) garbage collection~7t~tt ;ttitJ~tt branchingfJi{j-~/iX-iYYJ:7-t-11z-1 image acquisition or production-E~ 7:/J9 transmission1tf1l-~~T7t:}-7:/-iY7storage and retrievalgri}{IJ 71J7measurement, instrumentation7C~~00i{i9l1~ :Jr)tJ7T=1=-tJ!9~3lJoptical image processinglOOfjAJJ~fiI71.1:7 =.::z. 7 I) 3 ? J :77- image input devicePJmf~ 7J~7JvisualizationmMa J~:}tissue, texture, organization2~7CwrOO=~7/?~/~/ two-dimensional cross sectionlOO{j5!taMJ 71.1:74=-3:77-3:7image enhancement~~O)MIE D9~0)*t-1distortion correction{jM~-tl7C !:7-iY-1t-1-777/ image reconstruction and restorationG~v)i~9J1~G~v)T~ 3 I)thresholding, threshold operationFJi~7tWIj I)3 :7-1 :t- 7":/ 7J Y region segmentationT7AT.::z.fmffiT?A7-.::z.f71-11z:t- texture analysis -101- 108. ~~fRfJT 71:;377J1"t~shape analysis*1fWt(J(]~~~mfB l771T::=-7YT1 1) 0/ statistical decision theoryIf.9 ?J9 to copy, to duplicate, to photograph, to transcribe?1t~mfJT/71 7J 1 "t::=-waveform analysis~JfllOOfj9l1~ 1 3 7 #./7 Y 3 I) medical image processing/~-/~ij{1J /~-/71J!7pattern measurementlOOfiAtH1J# /7 =::L 7 Y ::L Y 1) 3 (/control of image input and output devices~~fIjIJ~ J77"t1:3lOOWtT-~~~jJ/77-~7J / I) image data management{OCm~2tillfmjJJ7::=-;t(/::=-/7virtual memory function(ality)*OOjfi~1 jJ,/7 large image1twrJ9l1~llfm -./ / jJ Y Y 3 1) ::=- / 7partitioning and processing function/capability!7;t ~ "1)-quad treeOOjfi9l1~~JfI-gm special purpose language for image processing,language dedicated to image processing~=::L-~tR ~=::L-"t/~(/ menu selection~t~llfre~1TJ::=-/7 interactive function(ality)7-15: I~~- /1If&~JItf,a;t/~1voice, speech (sound)rEI7.::r.7:C(/ attention, notice~t~/~-/~1 J7/~-/ object pattern!tf!!iiJtm:/Y//71 earthquake waveformJL~~~~ Y/T/A/71electrocardiogram waveform1;.97C~~ 17:;7//71 one-dimensional waveform~gt~iii tY71A;{/design/engineering drawingf&~ 7A map~~m "t/A71 line graphics, line drawingsIf._ Y~~/ photographft~ ~1t:37 representative, example, modeltI~OOj{i/7~/jJ,/7gray(-scale) image3;.95t1OO{j-tt/~7/jj./7 three-dimensional imageJJJiOO{i~7jj,/7dynamic imageJ$M7YY.::r.(/compressionJa]tJt~7tfJTY::L 7/A 77/"t=l=-frequency analysis*1fgt(J(]/ ~ - /~.g~ "771T::=-/~-/=/Y~ statistical pattern recognitionf14~(J(]/~- /~:g~:J 7 J7T::=-/~- /=/y4=- structural pattern recognition*f~mlira " (/ 7 3 1) J 7 :1 jJ /interaction between characteristicsf1lfil~f* 177J/71positional relationcGjt,Qto perceive, to grasp, to catch sight ofJPJ-fi~71Y"t1identitylif~tt)V1 ~"t1 similarity; analogy~t~titW ~1~37"t7J1world of objects~jfj~ATb. :/Y3t)~ATb. practical system-102- 109. mtJ:g. t> iti!n~Qd!>bit*?method of superposition~}jIJ~fnU ~~.I Y 1) 0 /theory of discrimination~jj{IJJ~-/ 7J/}7J~-/ observed pattern~}jIJJ~-/~~~Y/~-/classification/discrimination patternltf~~~i!~ /~::z. /t-1 :Jry*ry simple matching methodiE~m~i! t-1 ~::z. /t-1:try*ry canonical matching methodIf!~Ji~1ti! ~ /~::z. / J!t-1 ~ ~*ry simple similarity method$7:t~ra~~ ~~/7ry7J/*rysubspace method~~m{PJJ3ti! 77::try J!t-1 ~ ~*rymultiple similarity methodSj5j v~ ett> v~ weak, feeble, unskilledffJ1mfJ9tJ: }ry*T~tJ:complementaryttm t-1j]7character, nature, personality7-17: J~9-/I!_~lmfJ9ttit=l=-3ryY7T=l=-t1~Y complete set of common/shared properties~-f*~/~1~i!1ttj]/V/t1 relation(ship), relevance, associativityWJf~~/T1prerequisite, preconditionl3e~Jf~:JA~::z./self-contradictionfg~~tJ: TYjj7T~tJ: philosophical~~~ (J) iJt t~ t)story, chronicleXf~ :f/7J culture... ~:~G9... ~:v~t~G9 without reaching/attaining ...IlmU~ra~j]/}77?tJ/ observed spaceJ~flJf~~tQ:/ =r. /:/ 3 ~~tQ to order~Q~j:Qto cover, to stretch, to spread~~~ra l7T3ry7ryjJ/feature space... fron9... :t:>:: tJ:on 9 without carrying out ..., without conducting ...{iiJ~~~:~t>t~ ~-C tJ:Iv~~/jJ1~:~bt~ ~-C extending through many stages/cyclesNUFJTI3"]~1X=l=-37~3T=l=-l7737local features*FJTfJ9~~ ~1~3T=t:l7T3ry large-scale featuresmff~~=r./~sequence, orderJ~-/~ra J~-/7ryj] /pattern space~~J~-/l7T3 ryJ,~-/feature pattern~moo~ 1) /tY7J/71contiguous/adjacent relation7~7 7f14m 7~77:Jry,!rygraph structureJJI!~~tJ: 1) } 7 T =l=- tJ: ideal~7JfJ~fx: ~==-~YtJ/A7discriminant function9~~ should do, ought to do~Tflm A :7t / ~ =r. 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