INTERCULTURAL FACULTY TRAINING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE GLOBAL INITIATIVES

Francisco Frisuelos Krömer PhD, Resident Director CIEE Madrid

Elsa Maxwell, PhD, Academic Director Intercultural Learning, CIEE Victor Betancourt Santiago, PhD Executive Director Marymount University

Ann Lutterman-Aguilar PhD, Mexico Site Director, CGEE Augsburg College Leah Espinosa de la Vega PhD, Director of Global Initiatives, Augsburg College

TODAY’S SESSION:a. WHAT DO WE MEAN WITH GLOBAL INITIATIVES?b. CHALLENGES TO IMPLEMENT THEMc. INTERCULTURAL TRAINING FOR FACULTYd. MARYMOUNT UNIVERSITY CASEe. AUGSBURG COLLEGE CASEf. QUESTIONS

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GLOBAL INITIATIVES IT’S ALL ABOUT GOOD LEADERSHIP

GROWTHENHANCEMENT

STUDENT LEARNING

DEVELOPMENTSKILLS

FACULTY&

STAFF

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GLOBAL INITIATIVES

FACILITATE STUDENT LEARNING

FACULTY INTERCULTURAL TRAINING

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GLOBAL INITIATIVES IT’S ALL ABOUT GOOD LEADERSHIP

Local to Global:- Pre-departure for Study Abroad/ Re-Entry seminar- Diversity on campus- Navigate cultural differences on campus- Preparation for the professional career- Effectiveness at work (i.e.: Study Abroad office, Global learning services)- Personal growth and competency- New content modules – courses on (inter)national culture understanding- Re-design of existing courses on related topics (i.e. Human rights)- Incorporate intercultural learning into pedagogy

Abroad- Teach abroad/Faculty led programs- Short term programs

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CHALLENGES associated with the implementation of global initiatives

• Lack of Funds• Use of available grants• Work load/Merits• Time constraint• Overlooked subject Intercultural learning not strongly appreciated yet• Content design• Find collaborators• Some resources not used to the fullest - lack of qualified administrators, or effective

strategies to help students with these type of results

WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP

BETWEEN FACULTY

INTERCULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

AND STUDENT LEARNING?

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Goode (2007/08) explored role of study abroad faculty directors in facilitating students’ intercultural development. Faculty described four dimensions of their role (including also logistical and academic dimensions), but said very little beyond that about the intercultural dimension of their job. Average IDI worldview in Minimization – “not optimal”

Anderson, Lorenz and White (2016) study student intercultural learning on short-term faculty-led programs. Authors conclude that “Frequent and spontaneous facilitation emerged as the most important variable to guide students’ intercultural learning”.

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Faculty Intercultural Development and Student Learning

There is increasing evidence that students’ intercultural learning is directly tied to the intercultural development of their instructor/faculty leader/study abroad facilitator.

“[an] instructor’s effectiveness in facilitating [intercultural] student learning […] is to a large degree a function of his or her own developmental worldview.” Vande Berg, Quinn and Menyhart (2012): 402.

Faculty Intercultural Development

Guided reflection/Debriefs

Student Intercultural

Development

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Intercultural Development Continuum

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“(…) People who function in an acceptance/adaptation worldview spend their energy conceptualizing, assessing, and facilitating their students’ intercultural development needs. They focus on coordinating a rigorous academic program, blending culture learning with other content areas, and guiding students along in their intercultural learning experience.

Those operating in a minimization framework tend to see themselves as interpreters, devoting significant energy to explaining cultural differences, and helping people to prevent or overcome culturally-based misunderstandings. They tend to focus on culture-specific learning and adaptation. They spend less time teaching and helping students to develop a culture-general conceptual framework from which to approach questions of cultural difference that may occur in any setting.” (Ziegler, 2001, p. 151)

INTERCULTURAL WORLDVIEW

ACTIVITY

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- HOW MIGHT A ….. ORIENTATION RESPOND TO THIS CRITICAL INCIDENT?

- WHAT ARE THE STRENGHTS AND WEAKNESSES OF THIS RESPONSE?

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Faculty Training Resources

CIEE International Faculty Development Seminars (IFDS)

Summer/Winter Institute of Intercultural Communication (SIIC/WIIC)

WISE Conference, Wake Forest University IDI Qualifying Seminar IDI coaching/guided development

MARYMOUNT UNIVERSITYARLINGTON, VIRGINIA

Enrollment (Fall 2016)• Total enrollment: 3,369• Total undergraduate students: 2,323• Total graduate students: 1,046• Total student population represents 43 states and 76

countries

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MU Strategic Plan – Global Perspective

Grants available to Faculty to Internationalize the Curriculum

• Develop New Courses • Travel • Participate in International

Faculty Development Seminars

2015 Psychology Professor and Education Abroad Administrator Participate in

CIEE International Faculty Development Seminar

“Learning while Leading: Supporting Intercultural Development through

Study Away”

Primate Field Experience&

Intercultural CommunicationBarcelona and Girona Spain

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Primate Field Experience & Intercultural CommunicationBarcelona and Girona Spain

• Students in this three-week study abroad program will develop their intercultural competencies and learn about chimpanzee behavior and welfare through various experiential learning activities in Spain.

• In collaboration with the Council on International Educational Exchange (CIEE), students will analyze differences and similarities between their own and Spanish culture while exploring the cosmopolitan, seaside capital Barcelona. Through this portion of the course, students will develop skills, knowledge, and understanding that will help them communicate and engage more appropriately and effectively across cultures. The students will increase their intercultural skills by developing cultural awareness, cultural literacy and the capacity to bridge cultures.

• While at Fundació Mona Sanctuary in Girona, students will conduct naturalistic observations of chimpanzees alongside scientists and students earning their Masters in Primate Psychology degree, and work with caregivers participating in the day-to-day operations of a sanctuary, including feeding and enrichment development. Upon returning to the U.S. students will apply the knowledge they have learned about chimpanzee welfare by engaging in a science advocacy project.

“CIEE taught us a great class in just a couple of days and then when we were at Mona they provided us many different classes to help us understand the ins and outs of running a sanctuary.” –

“Being in another culture has made me more open-minded and aware, especially after returning to the US where the culture is significantly different from Spain. I am available to notice the intricacies of our culture a lot more clearly, especially our familial relations and our emphasis on work and time”

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FUTURE PROGRAMS

• Criminology –Enhancing intercultural competence in police

organization – Athens, Greece

• Inter professional Education & Global Health – Ecuador

• Intercultural Development workshops in cooperation with

the Center for Teaching and Learning

A PROCESS OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION & GROWTHAT AUGSBURG COLLEGE, MINNEAPOLIS

LEAH SPINOSA DE VEGA, DIRECTOR, GLOBAL INITIATIVES & OFF-CAMPUS STUDY, DEVEGA@AUGSBURG.EDU

ANN LUTTERMAN-AGUILAR, MEXICO SITE DIRECTOR & INSTRUCTOR, LUTTERMA@AUGSBURG.EDU

CENTER FOR GLOBAL EDUCATION & EXPERIENCE (CGEE) AT AUGSBURG COLLEGEWWW.AUGSBURG.EDU/GLOBAL

Intercultural Education helps Break down Barriers

The Case of Augsburg: From Global to Local & Back

The Past International/Global Faculty & Staff (primarily involved in study abroad & working with

international students) demonstrated historical commitment to intercultural development. International/Global Faculty & Staff took IDI and other similar tools. There was some commitment by administration, but no school-wide plan We TRIED to involve faculty but found lack of interest due to perceived lack of need. We provided scholarships for faculty to participate in trips to several different countries, but they

didn’t always include strong focus on intercultural communication and how to bring that home. Through Global Education, we sponsored Faculty Development trips to Mexico, Cuba, & other

countries – VERY successful, but more faculty from other schools than Augsburg.

The Case of Augsburg: From Global to Local & Back

The Past International/Global faculty & staff aware of NEED for intercultural learning & not just

international travel. As early as 1968, Ivan Illich warned U.S. volunteers going to Mexico that they “cannot help being

ultimately vacationing salesmen for the middle-class ‘American’ way of life.” (1963, 316) Examples: Ann’s research on Mexican community’s partners perceptions of faculty-led courses

(from a variety of colleges & universities).

WHY do faculty need intercultural education?

Ann’s research on Mexican community’s partners perceptions of faculty-led courses

Findings: Community partners identified faculty as the MOST culturally

INSENSITIVE members of groups – far more so than their students.

Nahua indigenous community leader Ignacio Torres Ramirez complained about one group that only scheduled a 2 hour visit to his village and then only gave him 45 minutes to cover it’s history, spirituality, culture, and land and political issues, as if a U.S. classroom. He felt de-valued, controlled, and disgraced.

Culturally Insensitive Behavior

Afro-Mexican Nadia Alvarado was very upset by a professor from the south of the U.S.A. who told her NOT to show the slides she had prepared of her “Afro-Indian” community & to CUT her talk in half so that the students could have free time.

How do you think Nadia felt? What were the cultural clashes? Request community’s lists of intercultural “do’s & don’ts”

if interested.

Culturally Insensitive Behavior

Educators comments and behavior perceived as microagressions by Students of Color on U.S. campuses.

Examples?

Back to the Case of Augsburg: From Global to Local & Back

Things Changed: What?1. The Student Body Augsburg started recruiting a more diverse student body. In 2008, Augsburg reached 25 % students of color for first time. In 2015, we reached 40% students of color in the student body. In 2016, 45 % of the students admitted are students of color.

2. Faculty Attitudes regarding NEED for Intercultural Education

Attitudes & Experiences in Diverse, Local Classrooms

• Initially: EVEN when the %s of students of color started rising dramatically, many faculty saw no need to make any changes in how they teach.

• Example from other school: class couldn’t function due to racial tensions and attacks in classroom related to “Black Lives Matter” – led to desire to increase intercultural skills

Student Responses?Student-Driven Initiatives to Educate Faculty & Staff about

Diversity & Intercultural Competence

• That’s crap! • We’re more diverse,

but faculty don’t get it. They don’t know how to manage the classroom.

THINGS CHANGED

• Students spoke up.• The administration took note – especially

on the Student Affairs side.• The president named a Chief Diversity

Officer who was committed to fomenting greater involvement across the campus & IN CLASSROOM (previous CDO focused on compliance)

International/Global Ed Staff Helped Create Plan for Key Faculty & Staff to Take & Learn from IDI

• International/Global Ed insisted on IDI QA (Qualified Administrator) trainings for key faculty & staff.

• Now OUR staff can do some of our own internal intercultural work with student groups, on-campus orientation leaders, & faculty & staff.

• Our own Augsburg QAs now provide individual & group feedback for all faculty & staff, with a 3-year cycle of reassessment.

ONBOARDING:• We start with all NEW faculty & staff hired.• As of Nov. 2016, 112 faculty & 197 staff

have completed IDIs.• Since we are using internal team of QAs,

faculty & staff can choose the facilitator with whom they want to work

• As of Nov. 2016: many Augsburg QAs

BUDGET ISSUES

• Main cost is training QAs. If we train a few per year, this is a relatively small investment over time to create our own team on (& off) campus.

• We then SAVE $$$$ by using our own team of QAs instead of hiring expensive consultants.

• Example: we can pay to train 25 faculty instead of 2 for the same amount of money.

Buy-in Across Campus: Workshops & More

• Strong buy-in from the Director of General Education, who is co-hosting a workshop to teach faculty how to incorpórate principles of inctercultural development into MANGING the classroom

• To be run for first time in January 2017 together with Tara Harvey, True North Intercultural

• Day-Long Workshop: only for faculty who have done the IDI and are in line with our assessment cycle

• 24 faculty can participate. • Faculty can plan to use workshop on-

campus or in study-abroad context.

Buy-in Across Campus:Augsburg’s “Diversity & Inclusion Certificate Program”

In order to complete the Certificate Program and receive the certificate, participants must complete 18 credits of specified inclusion-based training. The 18 credits of training consist of the following 7 requirements:1. Complete Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) Process, 4.5 Credits Register for the IDI waitlist Complete the online Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) Attend an IDI Group Profile Session Attend an IDI Individual Feedback Session2. Attend Intercultural Conflict Style (ICS) Inventory Workshop, 3 Credits3. Attend Working Towards Inclusive Spaces Workshop, 2 Credits4. Attend Ally Training I, 3 Credits5. Attend Disability as Diversity: Building Bridges To Full Inclusion Workshop, 2 Credits6. Attend All About Bias Workshop, 1.5 Credits7. Attend From Microinequities to Inclusion Workshop, 2 Credits

For more info, see http://inside.augsburg.edu/diversity/certificate-program/

Advanced Standing for CertificateMultiple Workshops on Diverse Themes

Faculty and staff who want to received “Advanced Standing” need to complete 6 additional events related to diversity, inclusion and equity.

They are not limited to the nearly weekly workshops and events held on campus, but those are open to them & anyone else on campus.

Themes: Interfaith Dialogue All About Bias Trans Issues 101 Intercultural Conflict Styles Ally Training etc.

The Case of Augsburg: From Global to Local & Back

The push for Intercultural Education began with Global/International Ed. It then took a life of its own LOCALLY among students of color who demanded changes on

campus. That gave Global/International Education the chance to give new life to previous ideas and build

a stronger, campus-wide network of support to make International Ed take off on campus. At the same time that it took off locally, intercultural education also gained new ground again

GLOBALLY.

Impacts on Global Education through Study Abroad

New Course on Intercultural Communication required for all semester-long students in Mexico.

Intercultural education built into most short-term faculty led courses.

Useful Resources for Intercultural Education, both with Faculty & Students – Locally & Globally

Popular Intercultural Learning Activities Among Both Students & Faculty

Activities that help them understand the following: Diverse cultural communication styles, including linear vs. circular/contextual and direct vs.

indirect Low context versus high context cultures and communication styles Reflection on popular sayings or expressions that reflect values in own culture & different ones Much more…

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INTERCULTURAL RESOURCES

• Own rubric created by professor at the department to assess intercultural development in the Foreign language curriculum and SA

• IDI but not university-wide (cost and not everyone considering it effective)• Workshops (i.e. cross cultural communication in the workplace)• BEVI (Beliefs, Events and Values Inventory) • GPI (Global Perspectives Inventory)• LSI (Learning Style Inventory)• ICS (Intercultural Conflict Style Inventory)

QUESTIONS?

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Dooley, K. E., Dooley, L.M., & Carranza, G. (2008). Beliefs, Barriers, and Benefits of a Faculty Abroad Experience in México. AIAEE, 155-165.

• Goode, M.L. (). The role of faculty study abroad directors: a case study. The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 149-172.

• Hand, E., Ricketts, K., & Bruening, T. (2007). Benefits and Barriers: Faculty International Professional Development. AIAEE, 148-153.

• Lee, A. K., & Hall, N. M. (2015). Enriching Course Development: The Use of an International Faculty Development Experience. Pedagogy and the Human Sciences, 5 (1), 60-69.

• Vande Berg, M., Paige, M., & Lou, K.H. (2012). Student Learning Abroad. What our students are learning, what they’re not and what we can do about it. Stylus.

THANK YOU