Informed Nutrition Choices and Improved Access to Nutritious Foods in Asia

bli I f d N t iti Ch i d

Photo credit: iDE/ Allison Joyce

Enabling Informed Nutrition Choices and Greater Access to Nutritious Foods through

a Participatory Market Chain Approacha Participatory Market Chain Approach

World Bank, Washington, 8 November, 2013

International Development EnterprisesInternational Development Enterprises

Mission to create income andlivelihood opportunities for poorrural households

• Founded in 1982

• iDE currently operates 12country programs in Asia, Africa, and Latin America

rural households.

iDE is focusing on:- Product design and innovation

• Delivered more than 250 projects in market and private sector developed valued at over $150 million in over 20 countries - Product design and innovation

- Technology commercialization- Market systems development

in over 20 countries worldwide

• Funding from more than 90 donors, including USAID, the Bill and Melinda Gates

Working in agriculture, water and sanitation, access to finance (A2F), and energy and environment.

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, DFID, CIDA, and the World Bank

• Recipient of over 10 international development and energy and environment.and design awards since 2004

• Employs over 500 staff worldwide

Funded through the EU Technology Transfer for Food Security in Asia (TTFSA) Program, ANEP seeks to improve the food security and nutrition of poor and vulnerable households through:• Improving livelihoods through increasing farm productivity;p g g g p y• Improving nutrition through better access to nutritious foods; and, • Making the benefits last through sustainable market linkages.

This project is funded byThe European Union

Photo credit: iDE

• 935 million people in the world still suffer from hunger, most of them in Asia – where more than 70 % of malnourished children live• Vulnerable groups such as the poor, especially children, in isolated g p p yrural communities and urban slums suffer most• Food security is about availability, access, use and stability


Photo credit: iDE

• Some of the lowest indicators of nutrition and health in Asia - 45% stunting in Bangladeshi childreng g• Smallholders in Bangladesh need access to improved agricultural technologies and markets • In the case of vulnerable communities the private sector has notIn the case of vulnerable communities the private sector has not established adequate input supply and output marketing systems, resulting in low productivity and reduced market opportunities


Photo credit: Geology.com, 2006

• Bringing world-class research in d t h l iagronomy and agro-technologies

from the international centres• Deploying nutrition education techniques already established through USAID Nobo JibonProgram (Paris Declaration)g ( )• Implementing by building the capacity of local organizations• Ensuring greater efficiencyEnsuring greater efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability through the market-development approachapproach


Photo credit: iDE/ David Graham

• Riverine area of southern Bangladesh• 3 upazillas of Barisal Divisionp• Rural - low lying land and chars (islands) in the lower Megna river• Urban – peri-urban areas of BarisalUrban peri urban areas of Barisal City (500,000 approx).• The ANEP in Bangladesh is seeking to reach 5 000 rural and 5 000 urbanto reach 5,000 rural and 5,000 urban HHs directly and 30,000 through VCs


Photo credit: iDE

How do we complement effective use with sustainable

availability and access...?



Developed by DFID to facilitate coordination of value-chain actors for

t ith llh ldsectors with smallholders.

Aims to improve the market access ofmarket access ofsmall-scale farmers by generating collaborationamongst market chain amongst market chain actors.

Builds upon existing Builds upon existing capital: - Natural- InfrastructureInfrastructure- Financial - Human, and, - Social Adapted from: Bernet T Thiele G and Zschocke T 2006 Participatory Market Chain Approach (PMCA) – User Guide


Adapted from: Bernet T., Thiele G. and Zschocke T., 2006. Participatory Market Chain Approach (PMCA) – User Guide. International Potato Center (CIP) – Papa Andina, Lima, Peru.

Understands that competitiveness is dynamic and continuous adjustments are needed to sustain it.

Those involved need to constantly identify and take d t f k t t itiadvantage of new market opportunities

Adapted from: Bernet T Thiele G and Zschocke T 2006 Participatory Market Chain Approach (PMCA) – User Guide



Market Chain Actors

Development Partner

Mobilizes stakeholders in subsector thematic groups that

provide coordination and joint provide coordination and joint management of activities.

Generic three phase process and p pstrong focus on market demand

and trust building.

Idea is to stimulate innovations amongst groups based upon

shared ideas, trust, and incentives.

Adapted from: Bernet T Thiele G and Zschocke T 2006 Participatory Market Chain Approach (PMCA) – User Guide



How is PMCA applied in ANEP toHow is PMCA applied in ANEP to support improved nutrition...?



Rural Producer Households

Social mobilizationSocial mobilization

Technology transfer through PSAs in:- Aquaculture- Field crops

Nutrition Education for households with:- Pregnant women- Lactating mothers

ANEP ANEP Private Sector

Field crops- Vegetable

Lactating mothers- Children under 5

Nutrition ProductionActors (PSAs)

Nutrition Education for: Creating and developing Nutrition Education for:- Pregnant women- Lactating mothers- Children under 5- Adolescent Girls

Creating and developing sustainable market linkages for both rural producers and urban consumers and the development of grass roots institutions

Urban H h ld

- Adolescent Girls of grass-roots institutions.

HouseholdsSocial mobilization

Behaviour Change Communication as Demand Creation for nutritious foods


Photo credit: iDE

Key Messages

Basic nutrition practices (h lth h lth f d (healthy vs unhealthy food choices, food preparation)

Infant feeding practices g p(amount, frequency, and consistency of complimentary feedings)

Hygiene and disease information (6 critical ti t h h d t )times to wash hands etc)

Demand (Urban)

Supply(Rural)

Low income

ruralconsumers

NE

Rural

NE

Mobile

Low income urban Produc

ersTradersurban

consumers

Nutrition Education (NE) sessions improve nutrition by encouraging the consumption ofnutrition by encouraging the consumption of nutritious foods and improving knowledge of basic nutrition practices, infant feeding practices and hygiene. Women associated with each urban or rural group receive 12 sessions over 3 months using the Participatory Action Learning (PAL) approach where the group learns a nutrition practice and thengroup learns a nutrition practice and then applies it in action through activities such as cooking demonstrations.

Generating Availability through g y gParticipatory Production &

Sales Planning Linkagesg g


Photo credit: iDE

Demand (Urban)

Supply(Rural)

Low income

ruralconsumers

NE

Rural

NE

Mobile

Low income urban Produc

ersTradersurban

consumers

PSPM

IMAs/ LSPs

P id f d ti it

LSPs

Providers of productivity-enhancing services- Technology (bed-planting, tilling, sowing, fertilizer

Who are the rural stakeholders...?

LSPs tilling, sowing, fertilizer application etc)- Agro-veterinary/agronomicadvisory services

Fi i l i id

Local existing

- Financial service providers

PSPM Buyers of harvest

retailers of improved inputs

Rural Produc

ersOMAsIMAs IMAs OMAs

LSPs

Collaborative development of Production and Sales Plans

PSPs provide information on constraints for particular

(PSPs), informed by demand-side information from OMAs

constraints for particular production strategies, informs

further programming requirements from ANEPrequirements from ANEP

PSPM

Rural Produc

ersIMAs OMAs

LSPs

Maximizing Availability through g y gGrassroots Aggregation

Institutions


Photo credit: iDE

Demand (Urban)

Supply(Rural)

Low income

ruralconsumers

NE

CPMCCP

NE

Low income urban Mobile Rural urban consumers

Traders Producers

PSPM

SPs

LSPsLSPs

CP

CPMC OMAsIMAs IMAs OMAs

LSPsRural

Producers

Collection Points act as supply-side hubs through which PSPMs

Collection Point Management Committees (CPMCs) coordinate g

can be coordinated and linkages between actors strengthened, particularly with lead firms

Committees (CPMCs) coordinate CP functions and liase with lead

firms and larger buyers

CP

CPMCIMAs OMAs

LSPsRural

Producers

Demand (Urban)

Supply(Rural)

Low income

ruralconsumers

NE

CPMCCP

NE


Traders Producers

PSPM

SPs

Is it working ?Is it working...?

• 82% of vegetable farmers attend the PSPMs, of which 88% are practicing off season production (compared to nil in the baseline). Productivity in key crops

h h i d (bitt d 28% b ttl d 34% d t d 40%such has increased (bitter gourd 28%, bottle gourd 34%, and sweet gourd 40% per dec). Incomes have increased by BDT 8,850 (€88) above the baseline for 82% of vegetable farmers. This represents an average 8% income increase in family income from baseline (BL).income from baseline (BL).

• Local service providers (LSPs) are reaching additional value chain households (VCHHs) with technologies through value chains. In Aquaculture for example, 58% of local feed and fertilizer LSPs are increasing theirfor example, 58% of local feed and fertilizer LSPs are increasing their customer base by 50%, and local fingerling traders have increased their customer base by 11%.

(MRM d t Q5 7)(MRM data, Q5-7)


Photo credit: iDE

Improving Access through rural-urban linkages to enable greater access to nutritious foods


Photo credit: iDE

Demand (Urban)

Supply(Rural)

Low income

ruralconsumers

NE

CPMCCP

NE


Traders Producers

FM

PSPM

SPs

Who are the urban stakeholders...?

Local Govt.

Market/land

owners

FM Local Imams Imams

andLocal

politiciFM

Low

politicians

and comm. leaders

and comm. leaders

politicians

income urban consumers

Mobile Traders

Local Govt.

Market land

owner

’

Entertainments which attract urban consumers to whom the

Pushti-mela or Farmers’ markets... Point of Sale with ‘healthy’ messages for mobile traders to

promote nutritious foodsurban consumers to whom the farmers and mobile traders can sell fresh produce

FMImams

andLocal

politiciFMand comm. leaders

politicians

Low income urban consumers

Mobile Traders

Local Govt.

Market land

ownerEntertainment choices to reinforce nutrition messages from the NE sessions

Is it working ?Is it working...?

- More nutritious vegetables and fish are being bought by urbanconsumers. 54% of treatment group are buying 2-3 nutritious foodscompared to 17% of control group (2 foods only), (7 day recall data).- The number of customers has doubled for treatment mobile traders(100% increase) compared to 18% for control. The volume of business/sales increased by 55% amongst treatment LSPs, compared to 18% in

t lcontrol group.- 63% of the treatment group are feeding nutritious foods (small fishwith bones, eggs, chicken) to 7-59 months children, compared to 29%control group (24 hour recall)control group (24 hour recall).

(MRM Data Q6-7)



B t ill it l t?But will it last?



Demand (Urban)

Supply(Rural)

Low income

ruralconsu

CPMCCP

mers

NE

Low income urban Mobile Rural

NE

urban consumers

Traders Producers

FM

MMC FBA PSPM

SPs

CMarket Chain Actors

Development Partner Formation of a market

management committee (MMC) to institutionalize (MMC) to institutionalize

the function

Need to develop the governance and financial

mechanisms to deliver new innovations which

work for the urban community

For this we need to focus on the business model of

th MMCthe MMC


Business Model: Establishment of Market Management Committee (MMC)

$Aggregation/

$Rural

ProductiMobile Traders

Low income urban

Fresh produce Fresh produceonTradersconsum

ers

MMC

Sustainability comes from the viability of the viability of the business model

Actors: Urban consumers; mobile traders; Rural Producers; MMC

Market Chain Actors

Development Partner

Developing capacity of lead farmers to conduct PSPM

and represent groups to and represent groups to players in the system

Groups’ capacity is enhanced – the trust is

developed to plan developed to plan production through shared risk and reward behaviors

Who can provide the facilitation service going

f d? forward? Development of FBA


Some thoughts

Nutrition programming can focus more on changing

Some thoughts...

p g g g gconsumer behaviours in addition to knowledge transfer

Agricultural programming is effective when it is demandg p g gdriven with interventions at the service market level

Programming should evolve over the course of the action –need to be iterative (following the PMCA ethos)

Engagement Areas Entry Interventions Exit Points

Technical FFS/ NE Tech transfer/ information transfer led by market actors

Inputs Asset transfer Retailing through local PSAsInputs Asset transfer Retailing through local PSAs

Output marketing Group aggregation Sustainable access to markets

