Inclusive education

.PRESENTED BY

Ms Samriti Mona

Presented by Ms Samriti Mona

Inclusive Education

When every child is welcomed and valued regardless of ability or disability


Inclusive Education is an attitudeIt means the doors to schools, classrooms and school activities are open to every child and they are afforded every opportunity to be included with their non-disabled peers.

The focus is on giving every child the help s/he needs to learn.


Inclusive education is NOT:Dumping kids with disabilities into general

classrooms without the supports and services they need to be successful.

Cutting back special education services as a “trade off” for being in the general education classroom.

Sacrificing the education of kids without disabilities so kids with disabilities can be included.


Principal of Inclusive EducationEvery student has an inherent right to education on basis of equality of

opportunity. No student is excluded from, or discriminated within education on grounds of

race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, disability, birth, poverty or other status.

All students can learn and benefit from education. Schools adapt to the needs of students, rather than students adapting to the needs

of the school. The student’s views are listened to and taken seriously. Individual differences between students are a source of richness and diversity,

and not a problem.


The practice of developing inclusive schools involves:Understanding inclusion as a continuing process, not a

one-time event. Strengthening and sustaining the participation of

students, teachers, parents and community members in the work of the school.

Providing an accessible curriculum, appropriate training programs for teachers, and for all students, the provision of fully accessible information, environments and support.

Identifying and providing support for staff as well as students.


We Learn10% of what we read20% of what we hear30% of what we see50% of what we both see and hear70% of what is discussed95% of what we teach someone else.

William Glasser


What is the class learning?Goals may be different but

need to be related (like learning to recognize a triangle when others are learning the angles in a triangle)

The student may need to be taught in a different way (like doing hands on activities instead of listening to a lecture)

The student may need to work in a different way (like using a computer instead of pencil and paper)


Least restrictive environment (LRE) Describes where a child will get services It should put the fewest possible

restrictions on how much time is spent with kids without disabilities.


LREStarts with the assumption the student will

be in the general classroom, with supports as needed.

If that won’t work full time, pull the child out of the general classroom for part of the day for therapies or resources. This should be done as seldom as possible.

Only if all other options fail should the child be separated from the general classroom.


Accommodation or Modification?Accommodations are used when

the student is expected to learn the same curricular content. But the student may be taught in a different way or need changes in the environment.

Modification are used when the student is expected to learn less or different curricular content. This could require the modification of assignments, tests, worksheets and other materials in the classroom.


What are accommodations? Accommodations are

changes in teaching methods. It can include changes in:where you teach,who teacheshow you teachhow the student can

respondmaterials you use.


Know the Curriculum!You have to know

what you are trying to teach (curriculum) before you can change how you teach it.

If you make the wrong changes, you can end up teaching a different concept than the one you wanted the student to learn.


Room AccommodationsSpecial chairs or cushions, lower or high table or

chair, titled desk topDifferent or additional lighting (not fluorescent),

sitting by a window for natural lightSitting close to the blackboard or teacher, sitting

away from othersStand instead of sitting or sitting instead of

standingPicture schedules, visual cues or visual timerColor codingKeeping materials for student and handing out as

neededHave at least part of the room bare with nothing on

walls, ceilings or floorsPresented by Ms Samriti Mona

Teacher AccommodationsDon’t wear cologne (hard on allergies)Don’t wear a lot of jewelry (distracts kids

with ADHD)Count to 10 before letting anyone answer

questions (processing time)Vary teaching methodsProjects for extra credit or in place of timed

testsGiving instructions one step at a time

instead of all at onceDivide the class (small groups, peer

partners, peer tutors)Set up lessons (community instruction, role

playing activities)Change the learning goals (more time,

cooperate, share)


Individual AccommodationsFewer problems on a page, large print or dark printRead things to students and give verbal testsUse a tape recorder (taking notes and giving reports)Communication device or sign languageUse a touch screen, voice activated computer, switch

controls or adapted keyboard, mouse, calculatorPeer tutoring or peer taking notesSmall group work instead or individual assignmentsAssistance with organizingMore time to transition to next activityChange the materials (counting actual objects, tape

recorder)Change how much or what kind of personal assistance a

student gets (prompts, verbal cues, gestures, physical assistance)


Modifying GradesUse a grading system to show

the combination of what they learned and how hard they tried.

Give extra credit for consistent effort and completing assignments.

Give extra points for positive behaviors or extra assignments.

Reduce the amount of writing by using T/F, multiple choice or fill in the blanks, or oral tests

Give child less to learn at a time


Accommodations work!Before

Refused to do workBehavior outburstUnable to stay seatedYelled and hit other

kidsNo friendsRefused many class

activities

AfterDoes class work;

learned difficultAlmost no behavior

problemsSits appropriatelyLoads of friendsParticipates in all

class activities


Thank you
