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ABSTRACT

•To To simplify the OSI layered architecture by reducing the size simplify the OSI layered architecture by reducing the size of the data link header or removing it completelyof the data link header or removing it completely..

•To To maximize the performance of data transmissionmaximize the performance of data transmission. .

• To To minimize the use of bandwidth for data transmission .minimize the use of bandwidth for data transmission .

•The elimination of MAC.


Application

Presentation

Session

Network

Transport

Data Link

Physical

Application

Presentation

Session

Network

Transport

Physical

OSI ModelLayer

Proposed OSI Model


oNo framing process

oIncreased speed transfer

oReduce worm and virus outbreak

oBuffering is reduced, efficiency increased


oARP which is being used currently is not required.

OutlineContents

1

2

3

4

5

Limitations of IPv6.

Introduction.

Overview of IPv6.

State of the Art

Open issues for Research

CONTENTS

Continued04/12/23

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ICCCI2010,Madurai,July:22-23,Tamilnadu,Karnataka.

Contents

6

7

8

9

10

Proposed Research

Expected Contribution.

Timeline

Conclusion.

References.



Problems with IPv4 : Limited Address Space

IPv4 has 32 bit addresses.Flat addressing (only netid + hostid with “fixed” boundaries)Results in inefficient use of address space.Class B addresses are almost over.Addresses will exhaust in the next 5 years.IPv4 is victim of its own success.


Problems with IPv4 : Header Limitations

Maximum header length is 60 octets.(Restricts options)

Maximum packet length is 64K octets.(Do we need more than that ?)

ID for fragments is 16 bits. Repeats every 65537th packet. (Will two packets in the network have same ID?)

Variable size header.(Slower processing at routers.)

No ordering of options.(All routers need to look at all options.)


Problems with IPv4:Other Limitations

1. Lack of quality-of-service support.-Only an 8-bit ToS field,which is hardly used.- Problem for multimedia services.

2. No support for security at IP layer.3. Mobility support is limited.


Summary of IPv6 Main Benefits.

•Larger address space.•Expanded routing and addressing capabilities•Improved support for extensions and optionsFlow labeling (for QoS) capabilityServer-less Auto-configuration(Plug and Play), Reconfiguration and Neighbour discovery(ND)Authentication and privacy capabilitiesSimple transition from IPv4.Built in Strong IP-layer Encryption ,Decryption and Authentication.Real time applications like Video & Audio.More efficient and Robust mobility mechanisms.Improved support for options and extensions.Streamed Header format simplification


IPv6 Header Format.

Traffic Class Flow LabelVers

Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit

128 bits Source Address

128 bits Destination Address

0 4 12 16 24 31

o From 12 to 8 Fields (40 Bytes)

Avoid Checksum redundancy.Fragmentation end to end.

•40 Bytes

•Addressed increased from 32 to 128 bits.• Fragmentation and Options field removed from Base Header.

•Header Checksum removed.

•Header length is only Payload.[Because Fixed Length Header].

•New Flow label Field.

•Tos->Traffic Class.

•Protocol->Next Header.(Extension Header).

•Time to Live-> Hop limit.

•Alignment changed to 64 bits.

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•Summary of Header Changes.


IPv6 Over Fiber Vs Current Data Sending Procedure

Sending Application

Data (Text, Video, Audio, etc.)

4 3 2 1

TCP

Application layer

Sending Application

3 2 1

TCP

IPv6 Over FiberIPv6 Over Fiber Current Data linkCurrent Data link



1TCP

Sending Application


4

Transport layer

3 2

TCP

Sending Application


4 3

TCP 1TCP

IPIP

2

Application layer



2TCP

Sending Application


4

Transport layer

TCP

Sending Application


4

Transport layer

3

TCP

Network layer

2TCP

IP

Physical layer MAC

1TCPIP

IP 1TCPIP

3

Application layer

IPv6 Over Fiber Vs Current Data Sending ProcedureIPv6 Over Fiber Vs Current Data Sending Procedure



3TCP

Sending Application

Data (Text, Video, Audio, etc.)Transport layer

TCP

Network layer

Physical layerIP 2TCPIP

Network layer1TCPIP

4

Application layer Sending Application


4

Transport layer

Network layer

Data Link layer

Physical layer

TCP 3TCP

IP

MAC

2TCPIP

1TCPIPMAC



4TCP4TCP

Sending Application


Network layer

Data Link layer

Physical layer

Data Link layer

Sending Application


Network layerIP

Physical layerMAC

3TCPIPIP 3TCPIP

Network layer2TCPIP 2TCPIPMAC

IPTransport layer

1TCPIPMAC1TCP

Application layer



4TCPIP

Sending Application


Network layer

Data Link layer

Physical layer

Network layer

Data Link layer

Sending Application


Network layer

Physical layerMAC

Network layer

3TCPIPMAC

IPTransport layer

2TCPIPMAC

1TCPIPMAC

1TCP

4TCPIP

3TCPIP

2TCP

Application layer



Sending Application


Network layer

Data Link layer

Physical layer

Network layer

Data Link layer

Transport layer

Sending Application


Network layer

Physical layer

Network layerIP

Transport layer

3TCPIPMAC

2TCPIPMAC

2TCP

4TCPIP

3TCP

1IP

4TCPIPMAC

1TCP

Application layerIPv6 Over FiberIPv6 Over Fiber Current Data linkCurrent Data link


Sending Application


Network layer

Data Link layer

Physical layer

Network layer

Data Link layer

Transport layer

Sending Application


Network layer

Physical layer

Network layer

IPTransport layer

4TCPIPMAC

3TCPIPMAC

3TCP

4TCP

1

IP

2 1TCP

2TCP

Application layer



Sending Application


Network layer

Data Link layer

Physical layer

Network layer

Data Link layer

Transport layer

Sending Application


Network layer

Physical layer

Network layer

Transport layer4TCPIPMAC

4TCP

1

IP

2

3TCP

32TCP

1

Application layer




Sending Application


Network layer

Data Link layer

Physical layer

Network layer

Data Link layer

Transport layer

Sending Application


Network layer

Physical layer

Network layer

Transport layer

IP 4TCP1234

3TCP

12

Application layer




Sending Application


Network layer

Data Link layer

Physical layer

Network layer

Data Link layer

Transport layer

Sending Application


Network layer

Physical layer

Network layer

Transport layer

4TCP

123Receiving Application




Sending Application


Network layer

Data Link layer

Physical layer

Network layer

Data Link layer

Transport layer

Sending Application


Network layer

Physical layer

Network layer

Transport layer

4TCP

123Receiving Application


•IPv6 over Fibre Impact on Hardware

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Only drivers have to beOnly drivers have to berewritten for the NIC. rewritten for the NIC. No changes required forNo changes required formanufacturing itmanufacturing it..

Routing Table will consist of IPv6 Address and Routing Table will consist of IPv6 Address and smaller routing table entry. smaller routing table entry. No MAC address to IP mapping is required No MAC address to IP mapping is required resulting in router performing faster and more resulting in router performing faster and more Efficient.Efficient.

Layer 2 switches will be obsolete or will have Layer 2 switches will be obsolete or will have to run dual stack. to run dual stack. Layer 3 switches will experience faster Layer 3 switches will experience faster packet processingpacket processing..


• Once the new architecture is in place, a dual stack is needed to process packets transmitted from both the current architecture as well as the new architecture.

• The protocol initiated will automatically choose the appropriate stack.

• This will be an international standard to be used by all Internet applications especially for real time applications.

IPv6 over Fiber Dual Stacking

InternetInternetIPv6 Over FiberIPv6 Over Fiber

References

[1].Manjaih .D.H. Hanumanthappa.J,2008,A Study on Comparison and Contrast between IPv4 and IPv6 Feature sets.In Proceedings of ICCNS’08, 2008,Pune,297-302. [2].Manjaih.D.H.,Hanumanthappa.J.,2008,Transition of IPv4 Network Applications to IPv6 Applications,In Proceedings of ICETiC- 09,2009,S.P.G.C. Nagar,VirudhaNagar-626 001,TamilNadu,INDIA-35-40. [3] Manjaih.D.H.Hanumanthappa.J. 2009, IPv6 over Bluetooth: Security Aspects, Issues and its Challenges, In Proceedings of NCWNT-09, 2009, Nitte-574 110, Karnataka, INDIA–18-22. [4].Manjaih.D.H.,Hanumanthappa.J.,2009,Economical and Technical costs for the Transition of IPv4 –to-IPv6 Mechanisms [ETCTIPv4 to ETCTIPv6],In Proceedings of NCWNT-09,2009,Nitee-574110,Karnataka,INDA-12-17. [5].Manjaih.D.H. Hanumanthappa.J. 2009, Smooth porting process scenario during the IPv6 transition, in Proceedings of IACC’09, March 6-7, Patiala, Punjab, INDIA. [6] Manjaiah. D. H. and Hanumanthappa.J. IPv6 over IPv4 QoS metrics in 4G–Networks: Delay, Jitter, Packet Loss Performance, Throughput and Tunnel Discovery mechanisms. Proceedings of NCOWN-2009, RLJIT, Doddaballapur, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA, August-21-22-pp.122-137.[7]Hanumanthappa. J. And Manjaiah.D.H.”A Study on IPv6 in IPv4 Static Tunneling threat issues in 4G Networks using OOAD Class and Instance Diagrams” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging trends in Computer science and Information technology(CSCIT-2010)organized by Dept.of.CS and Information Technology,Yeshwant ahavidyalaya,Nanded,Maharashtra,India,(2010).[8] Hanumanthappa.J. and Manjaiah.D.H.”An IPv4–to-IPv6 Threat

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