History of computer language

By: Claire Daiynes V. Pama

Is an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer.

Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine and/or to express algorithms precisely.

The earliest programming languages predate the invention of the computer, and were used to direct the behavior of machines such as Jacquard looms and player pianos.

Most programming languages describe computation in an imperative style, i.e., as a sequence of commands, although some languages, such as those that support functional programming or logic programming, use alternative forms of description.

Year NameChief developer,

CompanyPredecessor(s)

1949 C-10 Betty Holberton ENIAC Short Code

~1837 Analytical Engine order code

Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace *

1948 Curry notation system Haskell Curry ENIAC coding system

1948 CPC Coding scheme Howard H. AikenAnalytical Engine order code

1949 Brief Code

John Mauchly and William F. Schmitt ENIAC Short Code

1946 Von Neumann and Goldstine graphing system (Notation)

John von Neumann and Herman Goldstine ENIAC coding system

1943–46 ENIAC coding system

John von Neumann, John Mauchly, J. Presper Eckert, Herman Goldstine after Alan Turing *

1947 ARC Assembly Kathleen Booth[1][2] ENIAC coding system

1943–45 Plankalkül (concept) Konrad Zuse *

1948 Plankalkül (concept published)

Konrad Zuse *

1946 ENIAC Short Code

Richard Clippinger, John von Neumann after Alan Turing ENIAC coding system

1949 Seeber coding scheme (concept)

Robert Seeber CPC Coding scheme

Year Name Chief developer, Company Predecessor(s)

1950Short Code

William F Schmidt, A.B. Tonik,

J.R. Logan Brief Code

1950Birkbeck Assembler Kathleen Booth ARC

1951Superplan Heinz Rutishauser Plankalkül

1951ALGAE

Edward A Voorhees and Karl Balke *

1951Intermediate Programming Language

Arthur Burks Short Code

1951Regional Assembly Language Maurice Wilkes EDSAC

1951Boehm unnamed coding system

Corrado Böhm CPC Coding scheme

1951Klammerausdrücke Konrad Zuse Plankalkül

1951OMNIBAC Symbolic Assembler Charles Katz Short Code

1951Stanislaus (Notation) Fritz Bauer *

1951Whirlwind assembler

Charles Adams and Jack Gilmore at MIT Project Whirlwind EDSAC

1951Rochester assembler Nat Rochester EDSAC

1951Sort Merge Generator Betty Holberton *

1952A-0 Grace Hopper C-10 and Short Code

1952Autocode

Alick Glennie after Alan Turing CPC Coding scheme

1952Editing Generator Milly Koss SORT/MERGE

1952COMPOOL RAND/SDC *

1953Speedcoding John W. Backus *

1953READ/PRINT

Don Harroff, James Fishman, George Ryckman *

1954Laning and Zierler system

Laning, Zierler, Adams at MIT Project Whirlwind *

1954Mark I Autocode Tony Brooker Glennie Autocode

1954–55 Fortran (concept)Team led by John W. Backus at IBM Speedcoding

1954ARITH-MATIC Team led by Grace Hopper at UNIVAC

A-0

1954MATH-MATICTeam led by Charles Katz A-0

1954MATRIX MATH H G Kahrimanian *

1954IPL I (concept)Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon *

1955FLOW-MATIC Team led by Grace Hopper at UNIVAC

A-0

1955BACAICM. Grems and R. Porter

1955PACT I SHARE FORTRAN, A-2

1955–56 Sequentielle Formelübersetzung Fritz Bauer and Karl Samelson

Boehm

1955–56 IT Team led by Alan Perlis

Laning and Zierler

1955PRINT IBM

1958IPL II (implementation)Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon IPL I

1956–58 LISP (concept) John McCarthy IPL

1957COMTRAN Bob Bemer FLOW-MATIC

1957Fortran I (implementation)John W. Backus at IBM FORTRAN

1957–58 UNICODERemington Rand UNIVAC MATH-MATIC

1957COMIT (concept) *

1958Fortran IITeam led by John W. Backus at IBM FORTRAN I

1958ALGOL 58 (IAL) ACM/GAMM

FORTRAN, IT and Sequentielle Formelübersetzung

1958IPL VAllen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon IPL II

1959FACTFletcher R. Jones, Roy Nutt, Robert L. Patrick *

1959COBOL (concept) The CODASYL CommitteeFLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN, FACT

1959JOVIAL Jules Schwartz at SDC ALGOL 58

1959LISP (implementation) John McCarthy IPL

1959MAD – Michigan Algorithm Decoder

Arden, Galler, and Graham ALGOL 58

1959 TRAC (concept) Mooers


1960ALGOL 60 ALGOL 58

1960COBOL 61 (implementation) The CODASYL CommitteeFLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN

1961COMIT (implementation) *

1962Fortran IV FORTRAN II

1962APL (concept) Iverson *

1962Simula (concept) ALGOL 60

1962 1962Simula (concept) ALGOL 60

1962SNOBOL Griswold, et al.FORTRAN II, COMIT

1963 1963CPL Barron, Strachey, et al.

ALGOL 60

1963 1963SNOBOL3 Griswold, et al. SNOBOL

1963 1963ALGOL 68 (concept) van Wijngaarden, et al.

ALGOL 60

1963 1963JOSS I Cliff Shaw, RAND

ALGOL 58

1964MIMIC H. E. Petersen, et al. MIDAS

1964COWSEL Burstall, Popplestone CPL, LISP

1964PL/I (concept) IBMALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN

1964BASIC Kemeny and Kurtz FORTRAN II, JOSS

1964IBM RPG IBM FARGO

1964Mark-IV Informatics

1964Speakeasy-2 Stanley Cohen at Argonne National Laboratory

Speakeasy

1964TRAC (implementation) Mooers

1964 IITRAN

1965MAD/I (concept) University of Michigan

MAD, ALGOL 60, PL/I

1965TELCOMP BBN JOSS

1966JOSS II Chuck Baker, RAND JOSS I

1966ALGOL WNiklaus Wirth, C. A. R. Hoare ALGOL 60

1966Fortran 66 FORTRAN IV

1966ISWIM (Concept) Landin LISP

1966CORAL66 ALGOL 60

1967BCPL Richards CPL

1967MUMPS Massachusetts General Hospital

FORTRAN, TELCOMP

1967APL (implementation) Iverson *

1967Simula 67 (implementation)

Dahl, Myhrhaug, Nygaard at Norsk Regnesentral ALGOL 60

1967InterLispD.G. Bobrow and D.L. Murphy Lisp

1967SNOBOL4 Griswold, et al. SNOBOL3

1967XPL

W. M. McKeeman, et al. at University of California Santa Cruz, California

PL/IJ. J. Horning, et al. at Stanford University

1968

ALGOL 68 (UNESCO/IFIPstandard)

A. van Wijngaarden, B.J. Mailloux, J.E.L. Peck and Cornelis H. A. Koster, et al. ALGOL 60

1968POP-1 Burstall, Popplestone COWSEL

1968DIBOL-8 DEC DIBOL

1968Forth (concept) Moore

1968LOGO Papert LISP

1968MAPPER Unisys CRT RPS

1968REFAL (implementation) Valentin Turchin *

1969PL/I (implementation) IBMALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN

1969B

Ken Thompson, with contributions from Dennis Ritchie BCPL

1969PPLThomas A. Standish at Harvard University

1969SETL

Jack Schwartz at Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences

1969 TUTOR Paul Tenczar & University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign



1970Forth (implementation) Moore

1970POP-2 POP-1

1970Pascal Wirth, JensenALGOL 60, ALGOL W

1971KRL

Daniel G. Bobrow at Xerox PARC, Terry Winograd at Stanford University KM, FRL (MIT)

1971Sue

Holt et al. at University of Toronto Pascal, XPL

1972Smalltalk Xerox PARC Simula 67

1972PL/MKildall at Digital Research PL/I, ALGOL, XPL

1972C Dennis Ritchie B, BCPL, ALGOL 68

1972INTERCAL

Don Woods and James M. Lyon *

1972Prolog Colmerauer 2-level W-Grammar

1972SQL aka structured query language

IBM Ingres

1973COMALChristensen, Løfstedt Pascal, BASIC

1973ML Robin Milner

1973LISIchbiah et al. at CII Honeywell Bull Pascal, Sue

1973Speakeasy-3

Stanley Cohen, Steven Pieper at Argonne National Laboratory Speakeasy-2

1974GRASS DeFanti BASIC

1974BASIC FOUR MAI BASIC Four Inc. Business BASIC

1975ABCLeo Geurts and Lambert Meertens SETL

1975Scheme Sussman, Steele LISP

1975Altair BASIC Gates, Allen BASIC

1975CS-4Miller, Brosgol et al. at Intermetrics

ALGOL 68, BLISS, ECL, HAL

1975Modula Wirth Pascal

1976Plus Allan Ballard, Paul Whaley at the University of British Columbia

Pascal, Sue

1976Smalltalk-76 Xerox PARC Smalltalk-72

1976SAM76 Claude A.R. Kagan LISP, TRAC

1976Ratfor Kernighan C, FORTRAN

1976SJohn Chambers at Bell Labs

APL, PPL, Scheme

1977FP John Backus *

1977Bourne Shell (sh) Bourne *

1977Commodore BASIC Jack Tramiel Licenced from Microsoft

1977IDLDavid Stern of Research Systems Inc Fortran

1977Standard MUMPS MUMPS

1977Icon (concept) Griswold SNOBOL

1977Green

Ichbiah et al. at CII Honeywell Bull for US Dept of Defense ALGOL 68, LIS

1977Red

Brosgol et al. at Intermetrics for US Dept of Defense ALGOL 68, CS-4

1977Blue

Goodenough et al. at SofTech for US Dept of Defense ALGOL 68

1977Yellow

Spitzen et al. at SRI International for US Dept of Defense ALGOL 68

1978 MATLAB

Moler at the University of New Mexico *

1978 SMALL

Brownlee at the University of Auckland Algol60

1978VisiCalc

Bricklin, Frankston marketed by VisiCorp *

1979Modula-2 Wirth Modula

1979REXX Cowlishaw PL/I, BASIC, EXEC 2

1979AWKAho, Weinberger, Kernighan C, SNOBOL

1979Icon (implementation) Griswold SNOBOL

1979Vulcan dBase-II Ratliff *


1980Ada 80 (MIL-STD-1815)Ichbiah at CII Honeywell Bull Green

1980C with classes Stroustrup C, Simula 67

1980–81 CBASIC Gordon Eubanks

BASIC, Compiler Systems, Digital Research

1981IBM BASICA Microsoft BASIC

1982 Speakeasy-IV Stanley Cohen, et al. at Speakeasy Computing Corporation

Speakeasy-3

1982 Draco Chris Gray Pascal, C, ALGOL 68

PostScript Warnock InterPress

1983GW-BASIC Microsoft IBM BASICA

1983Ada 83 (ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A) Ichbiah at Alsys Ada 80, Green

1983C++ Stroustrup C with Classes

1983True BASICKemeny, Kurtz at Dartmouth Colleage BASIC

1983occam David May EPL

1983 ABAP SAP AG COBOL

1984CLIPPER Nantucket dBase

1984Common Lisp Guy L. Steele, Jr. and many others

LISP

1984 GOM – Good Old Mad Don Boettner, University of Michigan

MAD

1984 Korn Shell (ksh) David Korn sh

1984RPL Hewlett-Packard Forth, Lisp

1984Standard ML ML

1984Redcode

Alexander Dewdney and D.G. Jones

1985PARADOX Borland dBase

1985QuickBASIC Microsoft BASIC

1986CorVision Cortex INFORM

1986Eiffel Meyer Simula 67, Ada

1986GFA BASIC Frank Ostrowski BASIC

1986Informix-4GL Informix

1986LabVIEW National Instruments

1986Miranda

David Turner at University of Kent

1986Objective-C Brad Cox Smalltalk, C

1986Object Pascal Apple Computer Inc. Pascal

1986PROMAL C

1987Ada ISO 8652:1987 ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A unchanged

Ada 83

1987Self (concept) Sun Microsystems Inc.

Smalltalk

1987occam 2David May and INMOS occam

1987HyperTalk Apple Computer Inc. *

1987Perl Wall C, sed, awk, sh

1987Oberon Wirth Modula-2

1987ErlangJoe Armstrong and others in Ericsson Prolog

1987Mathematica Wolfram Research *

1987Turbo Basic Robert 'Bob' Zale BASIC/Z

1988Octave MATLAB

1988Tcl Ousterhout Awk, Lisp

1988STOS BASIC

François Lionet and Constantin Sotiropoulos BASIC

1988Object REXX Simon C. Nash REXX1988SPARK Bernard A. Carré Ada1988A+ Arthur Whitney APL

1989Turbo Pascal OOP Hejlsberg at BorlandTurbo Pascal, Object Pascal

1989Modula-3Cardeli, et al. DEC and Olivetti Modula-2

1989PowerBASIC Robert 'Bob' Zale Turbo Basic

1989 VisSim Peter Darnell, Visual Solutions



1990AMOS BASIC

François Lionet and Constantin Sotiropoulos STOS BASIC

1990AMPL

Robert Fourer, David Gay and Brian Kernighan at Bell Laboratories

1990Object Oberon

H Mössenböck, J Templ, R Griesemer Oberon

1990JIverson, R. Hui at Iverson Software APL, FP

1990Haskell Miranda

1990EuLisp Common Lisp, Scheme

1991GNU EDavid J. DeWitt, Michael J. Carey C++

1991Oberon-2 Hanspeter Mössenböck, Wirth

Object Oberon

1991Python Van RossumABC, ALGOL 68,[4] Icon, Modula-3

1991OzGert Smolka and his students Prolog

1991Q Albert Gräf

1991 Visual BasicAlan Cooper, sold to Microsoft

QuickBASIC

1992 Borland PascalTurbo Pascal OOP

1992 Dylanmany people at Apple Computer Inc.

Common Lisp, Scheme

1993? Z Shell (zsh) ksh

1993?Self (implementation)

Sun Microsystems Inc.

Smalltalk

1993 Brainfuck Urban Müller P′′

1993 FALSE Wouter van Oortmerssen

Forth

1993Revolution Transcript HyperTalk

1993AppleScript Apple Computer Inc. HyperTalk

1993K Arthur Whitney APL, Lisp

1993Lua

Roberto Ierusalimschy et al. at Tecgraf, PUC-Rio

Scheme, SNOBOL, Modula, CLU, C++

1993R

Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka S

1993ZPL Chamberlain et al. at University of Washington

C

1993NewtonScript Walter Smith Self, Dylan

1994ANSI Common Lisp Common Lisp

1994RAPID ABB Group ARLA

1994Pike Fredrik Hübinette et al. at Linköping University

LPC, C, µLPC

1994ANS Forth Elizabeth Rather, et al. Forth

1995Ada 95S. Tucker Taft, et al. at Intermetrics, Inc. Ada 83

1995Borland Delphi

Anders Hejlsberg at Borland Borland Pascal

1995ColdFusion (CFML) Allaire

1995Java

James Gosling at Sun Microsystems

C, Simula 67, C++, Smalltalk, Ada 83, Objective-C

1995LiveScriptBrendan Eich at Netscape Self, C, Scheme

1995PHP Rasmus Lerdorf Perl

1995Ruby Yukihiro Matsumoto Smalltalk, Perl

1996Curl David Kranz, Steve Ward, Chris Terman at MIT

Lisp, C++, Tcl/Tk, TeX, HTML

1996JavaScriptBrendan Eich at Netscape LiveScript

1996Perl Data Language(PDL)

Karl Glazebrook, Jarle Brinchmann, Tuomas Lukka, andChristian Soeller APL, Perl

1996NetRexx Cowlishaw REXX

1996Lasso Blue World Communication

1997Component PascalOberon microsystems, Inc Oberon-2

1997E Mark S. Miller Joule, Original-E

1997Pico Free University of Brussels Scheme

1997Squeak SmalltalkAlan Kay, et al. at Apple Computer Inc. Smalltalk-80, Self

1997ECMAScript ECMA TC39-TG1 JavaScript

1997F-Script Philippe MouginSmalltalk, APL, Objective-C

1997ISLISP ISO Standard ISLISP Common Lisp

1997Tea Jorge Nunes Java, Scheme, Tcl

1997REBOL Carl Sassenrath, Rebol Technologies

Self, Forth, Lisp, Logo

1998Standard C++ ANSI/ISO Standard C++ C++, Standard C, C

1998Open Source Erlang Ericsson Erlang

1998M2001 Ronald E. Prather, Trinity University (Texas)

*

1998Pikt Robert Osterlund (then at University of Chicago)

AWK, Perl, Unix shell

1999XSLT (+ XPath) W3C, James Clark DSSSL

1999Game Maker Language(GML) Mark Overmars Game Maker

1999Harbour Antonio Linares dBase


2000Join Java G Stewart von Itzstein Java

2000Joy von Thun FP, Forth

2000D Walter Bright, Digital Mars C, C++, C#, Java

2000XL Christophe de Dinechin Ada, C++, Lisp

2000C#Anders Hejlsberg, Microsoft (ECMA)

C, C++, Java, Delphi, Modula-2

2000Ferite Chris Ross

C, C++, Java, PHP, Python, Ruby, Scheme

2001AspectJ Xerox PARC Java

2001ProcessingCasey Reas and Ben Fry Processing

2001Visual Basic .NET Microsoft Visual Basic

2002Io Steve Dekorte Self, NewtonScript

2003Nemerle University of Wrocław C#, ML, MetaHaskell

2003Factor Slava Pestov Joy, Forth, Lisp

2003Scala Martin Odersky

Smalltalk, Java, Haskell, Standard ML, OCaml

2003Squirrel Alberto Demichelis Lua

2004Subtext Jonathan Edwards *

2004Alma-0 Krzysztof Apt, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica

*

2004BooRodrigo B. de Oliveira Python, C#

2004Groovy James Strachan Java

2004Little b Aneil Mallavarapu, Harvard Medical School, Department of Systems Biology

Lisp

2005F#Don Syme, Microsoft Research

Objective Caml, C#, Haskell

2006Links

Philip Wadler, University of Edinburgh Haskell

2006Cobra ChuckEsterbrookPython, C#, Eiffel, Objective-C

2006Kite Mooneer Salem *

2006Windows PowerShell MicrosoftC#, ksh, Perl, CL, DCL, SQL

2006OptimJ Ateji Java

2007Ada 2005 Ada Rapporteur Group Ada 95

2007Fantom Brian Frank, Andy FrankC#, Scala, Ruby, Erlang

2007Vala GNOME C#

2007Clojure Rich HickeyLisp, ML, Haskell, Erlang

2007Oberon-07 Wirth [5] Oberon

2008Pure Albert Gräf Q

2009Seccia Sylvain Seccia *

2009Go Google C, Oberon, Limbo

2009CoffeeScript Jeremy AshkenasJavaScript, Ruby, Python

Year NameChief

developer, Company

Predecessor(s)

2010 FancyChristopher Bertels

Smalltalk, Ruby, Io, Erlang

2011 Dart GoogleJava, JavaScript, CoffeeScript, Go

Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language whose design philosophy emphasizes code readability. Python claims to "[combine] remarkable power with very clear syntax", and its standard library is large and comprehensive. Its use of indentation for block delimiters is unique among popular programming languages.

QBasic is an IDE (integrated development environment-provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development) and interpreter for a variant of the BASIC programming language which is based on QuickBASIC. Code entered into the IDE is compiled to an intermediate form, and this intermediate form is immediately interpreted on demand within the IDE.

It can run under nearly all versions of DOS ( Disk Operating System) and Windows, or through DOSBox(an emulator software that emulates an IBM PC compatible computer running MS-DOS)/DOSEMU ( a compatibility layer software package that enables MS-DOS systems, DOS clones ), on Linux and FreeBSD. For its time, QBasic provided a state-of-the-art IDE, including a debugger with features such as on-the-fly expression evaluation and code modification

Source: www. Wikipedia.com

Education

History of computer language