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Presentation given in Indiana for the Indiana Collegiate Action Network to college communities around Indiana.
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“Higher” Education
Jacqueline Daniels, LCSWIndiana University
Office of Alternative Screening and Intervention Services (OASIS)
Division of Student Affairs
General History of Marijuana
Brief Physiology, Epidemiology, Myths and Facts
Implications for Higher Education, Prevention Strategies and Collegiate Programming
Evidence-Based Treatment Strategies
Indiana University Marijuana Intervention Program Evidence-Based Practice Policy, Referral, Method Reactive VS. Proactive Intervention
OVERVIEW
Myth #1
Prevalence
28% of IN College Students report smoking past year (IUB= 40.5, decrease from 2010)
19% past month (IUB=29%, decrease from 2010)
Avg. age 1st use IN= 17.3 Most frequent
consequences Combining substances Guilt and Shame Driving
Declined 1980’s 2000, annual
prevalence 30-35% By 2001, 5%
population using marijuana on monthly basis- avg 18.7 joints)
Gateway?
Cannabinoid characterized by chemical compound THC Hashish (resin or sap), Hash Oil (oil in plant) and
Marijuana (leaves and flowers) is smoked, cooked or in drink (tea)
THC enters through lungs, reaches brain in 14 seconds Short Term? Appetite, Blood Pressure, Coordination,
Perception, Memory Long Term? Emotional Maturation, Hormonal Effects,
Cancer(?), Addiction (?) THC concentration of today 4-15% 1960’s 1-3% WHAT ABOUT SPICE and K2?
Physiology
It is possible to overdose on marijuana.
Myth #2
Prevention
Be research based and theory driven
Integrate multiple parts of student life
The primary goals are to: Reduce, Delay, Decrease Transition from “use” to “abuse”, Harm Reduction
Levels of Prevention: Before it starts, as it develops, or after it has developed as a problem (i.e. Primary, Secondary or Tertiary)
Levels of Intervention: Focus for the strategy (e.g., community-focused, systems-focused (e.g., families, peers), or individual-focused)
Protective Factors
Cannabis Specific Considerations:
Risk: Transition Periods (middle school- high school- college)Role Model Beliefs/Drug Use: Acceptability
Protection: Parents- clear boundaries and limits, expectationsEducatorsCommunity Leaders
Assorted Prevention and Intervention
Programs Exist prior to College Entrance (D.A.R.E., Drug Education, Speakers, Health Classes) PSA Example
College Level? E-Toke Refusal Skills Training Normative Education Participation=Protective Factors Scare Tactics? NO
Prevention and Programming
Models of Addiction Treatment Admissions
1 in 11 will develop dependence (NIDA, 2010) Evidence-based Marijuana Interventions
Brief Interventions can Work Motivational Enhancement and CBST Family Involvement
Treatment
43,000 Students (33,000 Undergrad, 10,000 Grad)
55.2% 49 states and D.C. 165 Countries Greek Life accounts for 17% of student body 52% Female
Liberal Arts, Athletics, Greek, Extracurricular Kinsey Institute, Kelley School of Business, Jacobs
School of Music International Student Population Surrounded by Bloomington and Monroe County, IN
Indiana University
Basic Structure of OASIS and Referrals from Office of Student Affairs,
Admissions Office Continuum of Users Campus and Community Partners
Student Life and Learning, Student Advocates, IUHC CAPs, Student Legal Services
IUPD, Monroe County Prosecutor’s Office IU Code of Conduct and A-Z Guide
On and Off Campus Violations (Confusing for Students)
Common Sanctions and Policy Violations 2011-2012 Arrests, IUPD 2011-2012
214 Marijuana Intervention Referrals 194 Marijuana Seminar Referrals
17 Repeat Offenders, 6 Suspensions
Marijuana Intervention Program
The Indiana Promise
Student Responsibility
H. Be responsible for their behavior, and respect the rights and dignity of others both within and outside of the university community.
Survey
SCID-IV Non-Alcohol Use SUDs Questionnaire (DSM) MSI-X (Marijuana Screening Inventory) Marijuana Effect Expectancies Reasons for Quitting AUDIT (Alcohol) Stages of Change Assessment
Session I= 1 hour, relationship development, motivational interviewing and assessment
Psychoeducational, Individualized Feedback, Case Management and Referral (if necessary)
Components
Help students take ownership of behavior, choices
and consequences Develop critical and abstract thinking ability
around these choices, physical health and psychological well-being, examine academic and community standing
Develop awareness of values and ethical beliefs, how these shape decision-making
Advance self-efficacy and identity Assess for more serious problems and refer for
counseling/treatment/campus resources
Goals of M.I.P.
NREPP-SAMHSA National Registry of EBP and Practices Center for Study and Prevention of Violence- University of
Colorado National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Cannabis Youth Treatment Motivational Interviewing Resources Office of Alternative Screening and Intervention Services-
M.I.P. National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre Indiana Prevention Resource Center Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration
(SAMHSA)
References