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GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING by Czarina Ann B. Alfonso

Guidance and counseling final

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credits to Ms Czarina Alfonso

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GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

by Czarina Ann B. Alfonso

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Introduction

School years might be the happiest period in an individuals life.

It is a point in ones life when friends are made, new experiences are encountered, and transitions turn up as one grows and builds character and personality.

The school is a nurturing environment where a person is cultivated and molded in preparation for adulthood

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But the life of a student is not all that it’s cracked up to be.

Especially that of a teenager. With raging hormones matched with a sea of seemingly grave dilemmas, who else can you turn to when no one seems to listen?

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GUIDANCE AD COUNSELING

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Meaning of Guidance

Guidance is a continuous process of helping the individuals to understand themselves and their world.

Guidance is an organized set of specialized services established as an integral part of the school environment designed to promote the development of students

Guidance seeks to help an individual become familiar with facts about himself – his interests, abilities, previous development and plans

Guidance involves personal help given by someone

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Meaning of Counseling

Counseling is a personal relationship between a professionally trained counselor and someone who aims to assist him to communicate and meet his immediate needs and problems

Counseling is a process in which the structure of the self is relaxed in the safety of the relationship with the counselor

Counseling is an interaction process which facilitates meaningful understanding of self and environment

Counseling is not giving of information, advise, it is not brainwashing, it is not forcing beliefs or behavior by persuasion or coercion. Rather it is providing conditions which facilitates voluntary change.

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Guidance and Counseling

The process of helping individuals discover and develop their educational, vocational, and psychological potentialities and thereby to achieve an optimal level of personal happiness and social usefulness.

Guidance and Counseling plays a vital role in education settings; identifying potential barriers to learning, developing and assisting learners to overcome these barriers, assisting their transition from education to work, or supporting a transition into higher education or into further career opportunities.

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The Need for Guidance

The student life is getting complex day by day .

Guidance is needed to help the students for optimum achievement and adequate adjustment in the varied life situations.

Need analysis of the students in the schools shows the need of Guidance and counseling services , in the education, profession, vocation, social, health, moral, personal, and marital areas.

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The Need for Guidance

1) To help in the total development of the student

2) To help in the proper choices of courses3) To help in the proper choice of careers4) To help the students in vocational

development5) To develop readiness for choices and

changes to face new challenges6) To minimize the mismatching between

education and employment and help in the efficient use of manpower.

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The Need for Guidance

7. To motivate the youth for self employment8. To help students establish proper identity9. To identify and motivate the students from

weaker sections of society.10. To help the students in their period of

turmoil and confusion11. To help in checking wastage and

stagnation12. To identify and help students in need of

special help.13. To ensure the proper utilization of

time spent outside the classrooms.

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The Need for Guidance

14) To help in tackling problems arising out of students population explosion

15) To check migration to prevent brain drain

16) To make up for the deficiencies of home.

17) To minimize the incidence of indiscipline.

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Legal Bases of Guidance in the Philippines

The legal foundation of guidance in the Philippines has its own beginning in 1951 when the Joint Congressional Committee on Education, in its report to Congress stated:

“there should be established in every secondary school a functional guidance and counseling program to help the students, to guide them in their work in school and at home and to help them solve their problems”

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Legal Bases of Guidance in the Philippines

To give more impact on the role of guidance in the Philippine educational system, Section 4 of Batas Pambansa Blg. 232 or the Education Act of 1982 states that the educational system shall aim to

“provide for a broad general education that will assist each individual, in the peculiar ecology of his own society, to: a) attain his potentials as a human being; b) enhance the range and quality of individual and group participation in the basic functions of society; and c) acquire the essential educational foundation of his development into a productive and versatile citizen”

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Legal Bases of Guidance in the Philippines

The realization of these objectives are stipulated under Section 3, Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution to which:

“All educational institutions shall inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster love of humanity, respect for human rights, appreciation of the role of national heroes in the historical development of the country, teach the rights and duties of citizenship, strengthen ethical and spiritual values, develop moral character and personal discipline, encourage critical and creative thinking, broaden scientific and technological knowledge and promote vocational efficiency.”

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Philosophy behind Guidance

The underlying philosophies of guidance are as follows:

1. Know the individual2. Guidance is primarily dedicated to

implement the essential concern of democracy for the dignity and worth of the individual

3. Guidance is a life-long process4. Guidance is based on human needs5. Guidance is an art of helping individual to

plan their own action wisely, in the full light of all the facts about the world in which they will live and work

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Guidance Functions and Principles

What is the functions of guidance?According to Jones, guidance does

not solve the problems for and individual, rather, it helps the individual solve his problems

This is made possible by making available to the individual all possible means, opportunities, avenues of value to him

As a result, there is an increased awareness in him which results to self knowledge, self-appraisal and self-understanding

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Guidance Functions and Principles

How is education distinguished from guidance?

Education deals with the entire scope of human development. All guidance is education but not all aspects of education are guidance. It is only when the cooperation of the individual is secured and assistance is given to him in meeting his goals that guidance is presentSeparation of the two is impossible. When the individual attempted consciously to goal without help, guidance is not present

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History and Development of Guidance

Pseudo-scientific techniques in guidanceNumerology – it is the study of the occult

significance of numbersAstrology – it is the divination of the supposed

influences of the stars and planets on human affairs and terrestrial events by their positions and aspects

Graphology – it is the study of handwriting especially for the purpose of character analysis

Palmistry – the art or practice of reading a person’s character or future from the lines on the palms

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History and Development of Guidance

Pseudo-scientific techniques in guidance

Phrenology – the study of the conformation of the skull as indicative of mental faculties and character traits

Physiognomy – It is the art of discovering temperament, personality and character from onward appearance

Spiritualism – a belief that spirits of the dead communicate with the living usually through a medium

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The Development of Guidance in the Philippines

Dr. Sinforoso Padilla – Dean of Men of the University of the Philippines started in 1932 a Psychological Clinic which dealt with student cases of discipline, emotional, academic and vocational problems

SY 1934-1940, the Division of City Schools, Manila, selected and appointed “Dean of Boys” and “Dean of Girls” – they are assigned to look after the general behavior and conduct of students

November 1945 – the first Guidance Institute seminar was held at the National Teachers College, Manila from No. 23 to Dec 13 with the United Army psychologist as resource person

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The Development of Guidance in the Philippines

Guidance Association of the Philippines – participants of the Guidance Institute Seminar organized the association

1952 – the Division Superintendent of Schools recommended the establishment of guidance services in the public schools

December 1953 – another organization was organized, this was the Philippine Association of Guidance Counselors

Advisement and Guidance Section was established by the United States Veterans Administration, setting up first systematic guidance program in the Philippines

Colleges and Universities started offering courses such as Counseling Psych, Industrial Psych, Clinical Psych and Human Service Tech.

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The Guidance Personnel and the Role of Teachers in Guidance

1. School Heads – they determines the destiny of the guidance service by his attitude toward it. If he sees it as having the potential for aiding youngster in their development and decision-making chances are good that the service will flourish

2. Guidance Counselor a. Stimulates interest of other staff members

towards the guidance programb. Solicits the participation of studentsc. Plans the guidance program carefullyd. Keeps well-informed on educational trendse. Seeks the advice and recommendations of others

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The Guidance Personnel and the Role of Teachers in Guidance

d. Keeps parents, teachers and students informed

e. Counsel studentsf. Works closely with teachers3. The Teacher – the teacher’s ideas, suggestions

and aid are essential throughout all phases of the program’s establishment and development

They provide appropriate learning experiences and aiding young people in their personal development

Responsibilities of teachers in Guidance1. Effective teaching2. Noting vocational possibilities of various

subject areas

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The Guidance Personnel and the Role of Teachers in Guidance

Responsibilities of teachers in Guidance3. Demonstrating a genuine interest in students4. Encouraging high academic achievement5. Holding individual conferences with students6. Providing anecdotal records7. Assisting the pupil inventory8. Making student referral

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The Guidance Personnel and the Role of Teachers in Guidance

4. School Doctors and Nurses They are invaluable assistance to the school guidance program by helping administrators and teachers to become more aware of their responsibilities to the children in the realm of health

5. The School Librarian Her position in the guidance service is unique. They guide the children’s habits to love books to a great degree. The librarians help in the upgrading of children’s reading habits, ability and interests.