Should / Shouldn’t ,

Ought to,

Had Better / Had

Better Not

What’s the

difference

between

‘advice’ and

‘advise’?

• Advice is a noun /s/

• Advise is a verb /z/

• He gave me some

good advice. /s/

• He advised her to

stop smoking. /z/

Expressing advice in present:

i. SHOULD and OUGHT TO

Present and Future

We use should to talk about the present or future.

I should put on some sunscreen

right now, or else I ‘ll get a sunburn.

We should take another tour

tomorrow. I had so much fun

today!

Present

Future

Should / Οught to

“This is a good idea. This is good advice."

=

Should

You should obey

the traffic laws of

this city.

Ought to

Ought to = should =

= to give advice or talk about what is right to do.

I ought toget some

insect

repellent.

To sound more polite,

use I think or Maybe

before saying

“you should” or “you ought to.”

Maybe you

should

leave me

alone.

I think you

should buy

cheaper airline

tickets .

Forms of Modals ?

@ POSITIVE

should + (to) + simple verb

ought to + simple verb

He should to get a better map.

He should gets a better map.

simple

verb

He should get a better map.

Right or Wrong?

My clothes are dirty …

a- I should / ought to wash them.

b- I should to wash them.

c- I ought washing them.

×

×

@ NEGATIVE

Should + not + simple verb =[shouldn’t + simple verb]

Ought not to not used!

He should notbring so many

suitcases.

He ought not to exceed the baggage

limit.

shouldn’t :

Use only in informal situations.

You shouldn’tbe so afraid!!!.

Right or Wrong?

You need some extra sleep …

C - You should not (shouldn't) stayup late.

B - You should stay not up late.

A - You ought to not stay up late.

×

×

@ QUESTION

Should + subject + simple verb

Ought to ? not used in questions

Ought to is not usually used

in questions or negative statements.

Ought I to open

the window, dear?Should I open

Should he travel

so heavy? He will

pay a fine!

Right or Wrong?

a- Bob: I'm going to be late. What should do I ?

b.- Tom: You should run as fast as you can!

a- Bob: I'm going to be late. What should I do ?

b.- Tom: You should run as fast as you can!

×

I think you

should take

some warm

sweaters.

What should I pack for my trip to Japan?

You ought to

bring a

Japaneese

dictionary.

You shouldn’t

forget your

passport.

Practice 1Use should or shouldn’t +

simple verb

to give advice for each situation.

“suffers with chicken pox”

“over-loaded suitcase”

“careless climbing”

“uncertain destination”

“have hay fever”

Expressing advice in present:

ii. HAD BETTER

Had better

“This is a good idea / This is good advice

to avoid any

possible bad consequences ."

=warningadvice +

HAD BETTER

= should / ought to

A - Bob: I'm going to be late. What should I do ?

Tom: You had better run as fast as you can!

p o s s i b l e h i d d e n b a d c o n s e q u e n c e s :

You could miss your appointment with your boss.

You could lose the job interview .

Ann: I m’ afraid that I ‘ll have to drive

very fast to catch your train.

It will be dangerous!

Tom: You had better not drive so

fast!

p o s s i b l e h i d d e n b a d c o n s e q u e n c e s :

You could get a speeding ticket .

You could have an accident .

B -

@ POSITIVE

had better + (to) + simple verb

Right or Wrong?

She doesn’t study hard now…

a- She had better trying more for this test.

b- She had better try more for this test.

c- She had better to try more for this test.

×

×

@ NEGATIVE

had better + not+ simple verb =

[ ‘d better not + simple verb]

Right or Wrong?

This meat looks spoiled…

A - You had not better eat it.

B - You had better not eat it.

×

@ QUESTION

Had he better ?

not used in questions!

Given advice….

1. You can't wear shorts and a T-shirt

to a job interview!

You'd better change clothes before you go.

Possible bad consequences….

a. If you wear shorts and a T-shirt, you will get the job.

b. If you wear shorts and a T-shirt, the employer may think you are not serious

c. If you wear shorts and a T-shirt, you will look smart..

×

×

Given advice….

2. - I can't find my credit card. I have no idea

where it is.

- You'd better call the credit card company.

Possible bad consequences….

a. If I don’t call the credit card company, they will block my account.

b. If I don’t call the credit card company, I will pay cash.

c. If I don’t call the credit card company, someone will steal my money.

×

×

Given advice….

3. A: My ankle really hurts. I think I sprained

it.

B: You'd better put some ice on it, right

away.

Possible bad consequences….

a. If you don’t put ice on it, it will hurt more.

b. If you don’t put ice on it, it will stop hurting.

×

Given advice….

4. Sam, I think, you 'd better lock our car before we enter the restaurant!

Possible bad consequences….

a. If you don’t lock it, someone will get in it and drive away.

b. If you don’t lock it, someone will get and stay in.

c. If you don’t lock it, someone will look after it.

×

×

Expressing advice:SHOULD, OUGHT TO, and HAD BETTER.

Practice 1

Spot the mistake and then rewrite the sentence correctly.

a. You will better not be late.

You had better not be late.

b. Anna shouldn't wears shorts at church.

Anna shouldn't wear shorts at church.

c. Mr. Niven ought found a new apartment.

d. I should to go to the post office now.

e. She oughts paying her bills on time.

f. You don't should stay up too late .

g. You'd to better not leaving your key inthe door.

Mr. Niven ought to find a new apartment.

I should go to the post office now.

She ought to pay her bills on time.

You shouldn't stay up too late .

You 'd better not leave your key inthe door.

Expressing advice: SHOULD.

Practice 2

Choose the phrases giving appropriate advice to each case.

Use should only

He has a (an)

earache / stomachache / headache,

so

a) he should drink hot tea

b) he should take an aspirin

c) he should put a band aid.

1.

He has stomachache / temperature

/ cut on his head,

so

a) he should call a doctor

b) he should drink tea with honey

c) he should wear a plaster

He has a sore throat / a cut on the knee /

a broken arm

so

a) he should wash and put on a band aid

b) he should go to the doctor’s

c) he should put a plaster cast

2.

3.

He has a headache / a runny nose /

an earache

so

a) he should have a cold shower.

b) he should drink tea with honey

and take an aspirin.

a) he should put on a band aid.

Match

the ‘heads’ of column A

with

the ‘tails’ of column B

in the next table so to form

correct sentences of advice.

Practice 3

1. For the problem with your lungs,

I really think you should…

a) … go to work if you have the flu.

2. If I were you… b) …I would listen to your mother’s

advice.

3. If you want to stop smoking you

should…

c) … a tie if you don’t want to.

4. You ought to study… d) …try to stop smoking.

5. You shouldn’t… e) …hard if you want to pass the

exam.

6. You don’t have to wear… f) … a ring if you work in a factory.

It could be dangerous.

7. In my opinion, you mustn’t wear.. g) … brush your teeth then they will

go yellow and fall out.

8. If you don’t… h) …get some help from your

doctor.

Talk about these advice questions with a partner.

1. Who was the last person who gave you some advice?

2. How would you advise someone to stay healthy?

3. What’s the best kind of computer, a laptop or a desktop?

4. What advice would you give to someone who was going for a job interview?

5. Please give some advice, I’ve got an exam tomorrow!

6. If you could talk to the president or prime minister of your country, what advise would you give them?

7. What was the worst piece of advice you ever got?

HOMEWORK 1

Practice 2Visiting Greece in summer.

Give advice to tourists in relation

to:

Example: Food

1. Clothing

2. Transportation

3. Language

4. Shopping

5. Places to Visit

6. Cultural Customs

I think you ought to try our

excellent seafood .

HOMEWORK 2

Writing – Agony

Aunt

Dear Auntie Lynn,

Please help me.

I lost my job as the manager of a

big bank last month and I haven’t

had the courage to tell my wife and

family about it.

My wife and two children spend a

lot of money everyday and if they

found out that they were poor they

would be so upset.

I hope I can find a job soon, but

lately I have been pretending to go

to work everyday. What should I

do?

Thanks

James

Dear Auntie Lynn,

I’ve been with my boyfriend

for three years now.

He asked me to marry him

last week and I’m not sure

what to say.

I do love him but he doesn’t

have good job. He works as

a chef in a dirty restaurant

and I really want to be rich.

Please help me.

Thanks

Sarah