Gender Mainstreaming

GENDER MAINSTREAMINGB R SIWALNIPCCDNEW DELHIE-MAIL brsiwalgmailcom

Gender mainstreaming is not

A Women only issueIt is not just about improving access or of

balancing the statisticsAbout having well written statementsAbout blaming anybody for the

inequalities which existAbout only women taking actionAbout only women benefiting from itAbout stopping or replacing gender

specific policies and projects targeted at either women or men

Gender mainstreaming

Is about reducing poverty boosting economic growth and strengthening citizenship

Is a pro-active process designed to tackle inequalities which can and do discriminate against either sex

Targets major economic and social policies that deliver major resources

Makes good economic sense ensuring that women as well as men are active using 100 of the productive labour force

Represents a further step in the search for equalityRecognises that gender is one of the most

fundamental organising features in society and affects our lives from the moment we are born

Presupposes a recognition of male and female identities

Recognises that differences exist in menrsquos and womenrsquos lives and therefore our needs experiences and priorities are different

Involves a willingness to establish a balanced distribution of responsibilities between women and men

Needs determined political action and support with clear indicators and targets

Will not happen overnight it is a continuous process

Gender mainstreaming means

That differences between women and men may never be used as a ground for discrimination

A radical rethink of the way labour markets work and their impact on womenrsquos and menrsquos employment

Long-lasting changes in society transforming parental roles family structures and the organisation of work time and even institutional practices

Reshaping the mainstream rather than adding activities for women at the margins

A partnership between women and men to ensure both participate fully in societyrsquos development and benefit equally from societyrsquos resources

Responding to the root causes of inequality and putting remedial action in place

Ensuring that initiatives not only respond to gender differences but seek to reduce gender inequality

Asking the right question to see where limited resources should be best diverted

More attention to men and their role in creating a more equal society

Gender mainstreaming covers

policy designdecision-makingaccess to resourcesprocedures and practicesmethodologyimplementationmonitoring and evaluation

Gender MainstreamingWhat is the mainstreamWhat is being mainstreamedWhat does it mean to be part of the

mainstreamWhat is the target of mainstreamingWhat is the goal of mainstreaming How gender mainstreaming

DEFINATION OF GENDER MAINSTREAMINGMainstreaming a gender perspective

process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action including legislation policies or programmes in all areas and at all levels

It is a strategy for making womens as well as mens concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design implementation monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated The ultimate goal is to achieve gender equalityrdquo

What Is Being MainstreamedGender equality is recognised as not just a ldquowomenrsquos issuerdquo but a societal oneGender equality goals influence mainstream economic and social policies that deliver major resourcesGender equality pursued from the centre rather than from the margins

What Does It Mean To Be Part Of The MainstreamHaving equitable access to societyrsquos

resources including socially-valued goods rewards and opportunities

Equal participation in influencing what is valued shaping development directions and distributing opportunities

Why Gender MainstreamingShift in understanding of the problemRecognition that gender equality is

integral to development goalsRealization that previous approaches

were not resulting in real change in the position of women and gender equality

Shift In Understanding Of The Problem

EarlyEarly ApproachesApproaches CurrentCurrent ThinkingThinking

AnalysisAnalysiswomen left outwomen left outwomen lackwomen lackeducationeducationtrainingtrainingcredit self-esteemcredit self-esteem

AnalysisAnalysissocial structures and social structures and processes recreate processes recreate inequalities between women inequalities between women and men inand men inresourcesresourcesopportunitiesopportunitiesdecision-makingdecision-making

ProblemProblem womenwomen

ProblemProblem inequality between women inequality between women and menand men

Approach Approach women must change their women must change their attributes to be integrated into attributes to be integrated into developmentdevelopment

ApproachApproachsociety and institutions society and institutions must change ideas and must change ideas and practices in support of practices in support of equal choices and equal choices and opportunitiesopportunities

GM aim to Make Development More Effective Through

Emphasis on reshaping the mainstream rather than adding activities for women at the margin

Focus on gender equality as an objective rather than women as a target group

Ensure that initiatives not only respond to gender differences but seek to reduce gender inequality

More attention to womenrsquos organizations and the momentum for change


Organisational Capacity for Gender MainstreamingAppropriate knowledge and skillsStrategic managementEffective networks and linkagesEnabling policy and institutional

environmentSupportive economic social and political

environment

As Change Agents Working To Mainstream GenderContribute gender perspectives to

decision-making processes especially policy and programme planning personnel issues and advocacy

Promote and facilitate inter-agency dialogue on gender mainstreaming

Persuade and convince others of the need for gender mainstreaming

Analyze collect and disseminate information on gender analysis and gender mainstreaming practice

Network extensively with other gender focal points womenrsquos organizations and our constituencies

Intervene appropriately in policy advice and dialogue ensuring that gender equality considerations are taken into account in discussion and decision-making

Record and find mechanisms for learning from programmatic and organizational good practices

Steps for Gender Mainstreaming

1 A Mainstreaming Approach to Stakeholders Who are the Decision-Makers

2 Mainstreaming a Gender Agenda What is the Issue

3 Moving Towards Gender Equality What is the Goal

4 Mapping the Situation What Information do we Have

5 Refining the Issue Research and Analysis

6 Formulating Policy from a Gender Perspective

7 Arguing Your Case Gender Matters

8 Monitoring Keeping a (Gender-Sensitive) Eye on Things

9 Evaluation How Did We Do 10 En-gendering Communication

1 GENDER-SENSITIVE STAKEHOLDER CHECKLIST

bull Gender focal points in ministries and departments

bull Development partners with a gender equality mandate

bull bullbull An umbrella organization of womenrsquos or gender NGOs

bull Any NGOs or community groups that represent menrsquos gender interests

bull Relevant sectoral or ldquospecial interestrdquo NGOs that have an interest or experience in gender issues

bull Human rights groups or advocates bull Academics or researchers from

university Gender Studies departments

2 MAINSTREAMING A GENDER AGENDA WHAT IS THE ISSUE

What is the subject of your project or policy-making initiative This subject then needs to be examined from a gender perspective in order to discern where why and how specific gender mainstreaming initiatives may need to be applied The following question will help you decide what the ldquogender issuerdquo is

Does this issue affect men and women in different ways The answer is likely to be ldquoyesrdquo This means that the specific ways in which men and women are differently affected

3 MOVING TOWARDS GENDER EQUALITY WHAT IS THE GOAL

What do we want to achieveIs the goal disaggregated by gender

Does the goal include a broader commitment to improving gender equality

4 MAPPING THE SITUATION WHAT INFORMATION DO WE HAVE

what you know what you donrsquot know what projects or policy interventions

have already happened what is currently happening what other related interventions are

planned

4 HELPFUL SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Database of government legislation bull Database of government documents bull Database of government-commissioned

research bull Database of donor-funded technical

assistance bull Database of NGO activities

5 RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

This phase involves

bull Specifying the research question

bull Determining necessary inputs

bull Designing andor Commissioning the

research

6 FORMULATING POLICY OR PROJECT FROM A GENDER PERSPECTIVE

1048633 efficiency ndash cost-benefit analysis 1048633 effectiveness ndash the degree to which your

goal will be met and 1048633 social justice including gender equality ndash

the extent to which social and historical disadvantages between different groups in society are addressed and compensated

7 ARGUING YOUR CASE GENDER MATTERS

Justice and Equality Credibility and Accountability Efficiency and Sustainability

Quality of Life AlliancesChain Reaction

8 MONITORING

I LEVELS OF MONITORING

II GENDER-SENSITIVE MONITORING PLANS

III GENDER-SENSITIVE TARGETS AND INDICATORS

HOW TO DEVELOP INDICATORS

Asking the right question What do you want the indicator to tell you Determining the information needed to

answer the question What do I need to measure or compare 1048633Identifying the source of information Quantitative vs Qualitative Indicators

9 EVALUATION HOW DID WE DO

Evaluation criteria 1048633Who determines the evaluation criteria gender equality considerations Evaluation Actors 1048633 Are all stakeholders involved in the evaluation process Who will provide inputs for evaluation data Will the opinions of both men and women be considered

Will participatory methods be used

10 EN-GENDERING COMMUNICATION

Do men and women read different publications

bull Do men and women watch or listen to different electronic media

bull Are media consumption patterns (frequency time) different for men and women

Do men and women have different credibility criteria (regarding ldquoauthoritiesrdquo arguments used etc)

bull Do men and women have different values that cause them to respond to certain messages in different ways

MAINSTREAMING PARAGRAPHS IN THE PLATFORM FOR ACTION

para 79 educationpara 105 healthpara 123 violencepara 141 conflictpara 164 economic activitypara 189 power and decision-makingpara 202 institutional mechanisms forwomenrsquos advancementpara 229 human rightspara 238 mediapara 252 management of natural resources

and the environmentpara 273 children and youth

EducationAgricultureRural developmentEnvironmentInfrastructureHealthNutritionHousingGovernanceIndustryEconomic policyTrade and commerce

Gender is cross cutting in all sectorsGender is cross cutting in all sectors

Coping With Resistance- Forms of ResistanceDenialSpeaking ldquoon behalf of womenrdquoToken actionLip serviceMisconstrued mainstreamingCommissioning a studyCompartmentalizationAppointing a token women

THANK YOU

Gender mainstreaming is not

A Women only issueIt is not just about improving access or of

balancing the statisticsAbout having well written statementsAbout blaming anybody for the

inequalities which existAbout only women taking actionAbout only women benefiting from itAbout stopping or replacing gender

specific policies and projects targeted at either women or men





















































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planned






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research








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planned






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