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Lecture slides on food preservation and packaging.
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FOOD PRESERVATIONIrradiation, Packaging, and Biotech
FOOD IRRADIATION
Food Irradiation is a cold food preservation method in which food is exposed to high energy electromagnetic waves.!
Mostly used for products like makeup until recently.
FOOD IRRADIATION
Now approved in 40 countries for over 60 food products (2007).!
How it works:!
Intense pulse of energy is emitted!
Gama radiation from Cobalt-60!
Energy destroys bacteria.
FOOD IRRADIATION
Four Purposes!
1. Preservation!
2. Sterilization!
3. Control Sprouting, Ripening, and Insect Damage!
4. Control Foodborne Illness
FOOD IRRADIATION
Timeline:!
1920s - French scientists discover that irradiation preserves foods.!
1963 - Irradiation approved by FDA to control insects in wheat and wheat powder.!
1970s - NASA adopts irradiation to sterilize meat for astronauts to eat in space.!
1997 - Red meat is approved for irradiation by FDA.!
2000s - USDA approves the irradiation of all beef, eggs, and seeds.!
2005 - Shellfish approved for irradiation by FDA.
International Symbol!Irradiated Food Product
FOOD IRRADIATION
F O O D PA C K A G I N G
FOOD PACKAGING
All methods of food preservation rely on some type of packaging.!
Group List:!
What are some different types of food packages that you find in the grocery store?
FOOD PACKAGING
What do you think are the functions of food packaging?
FOOD PACKAGING
Functions:!
Act as a barrier between food an contaminants.!
Acts as a dispenser.!
Protects food from moisture, gas, odors, and light.!
Some serve multiple functions (e.g. storage, cooking, and serving.)
FOOD PACKAGING
Packaging must follow 1993 Nutrition Labeling and Education Act.
FOOD PACKAGING
Types of Packaging Materials!
List as many types of packaging materials that you can with your 8 O’ clock partner.
FOOD PACKAGING
Types of Packaging Materials!
Metals!
Glass!
Paper!
Plastics!
Packaging Films!
Laminates
FOOD PACKAGING
Metals!
Steel - cheap but corrodes.!
Tin - Used to coat steel to prevent corrosion.!
Only 0.25% of a tin can is actually tin.!
Aluminum - lightweight, anti-corrosion, but lacks structural strength.
FOOD PACKAGING
GlassBeen around
for a long time.Susceptible to
breakage.
Primary container used
for home canning.
Heavy
Does not react with food, no
contamination.!
Pros Cons
List Pros/
Cons with 9
O’clock
partner
FOOD PACKAGING
Paper!
Lightweight!
Low cost!
Recyclable
FOOD PACKAGING
Plastics!
Three main types:!
Polymers - one basic unit of organic molecules.!
Copolymers - two basic units combined to make one material.!
Ionomers - plastics held together with ionic bonds rather than covalent bonds.
WOW! That
sounds
confusing!
FOOD PACKAGING
Packaging Films!
Films come in a broad range of thin, flexible, and often transparent materials.!
Cellophane is specially processed cellulose.!
Over 100 types!
Edible Films & Coatings
FOOD PACKAGING
Laminates!
Multiple layers into one packaging product.!
Layers consist of:!
Outer covering!
Moisture barrier!
Paper Layer!
Gas Barrier!
Plastic that melts to help seal!
Nontoxic glues to seal layers together
FOOD PACKAGING
Reduced Oxygen Packaging (ROP)!
Provides an atmosphere that has little or no oxygen surrounding the food.!
Used for:!
Red meat!
Poultry!
Seafood!
Pasta!
Cheeses!
Precooked meals