Mr. Taylor | @teamHISTORY | Unit 1

Europe & Christianity, part 1

Judaism

Torah

Palestine

AbrahamMonotheism

Covenant

Why was Jesus put to death?

What did the Romans do to the Jews?

How was the church organized?

Europe & Christianity, part 2

Effects of Invasions

and Warfare

disrupts trade and

government

decline of learning

concept of government

changes

Germans held together by family ties

church power

increases

Charlemagne protects Pope

Pope crowns Charlemagne “Roman Emperor”

Germanic power

heritage of Roman

EmpireChurch

Mutual obligation between lord and serf under the manor system

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Why did serfs rarely leave their manor?

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Why did serfs accept their economic hardship?

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DARK KNIGHT JEDI KNIGHT

KNIGHT SAMURAI

What message does this story show?

Pope forgives king, but problem is not solved

King goes to Italy to beg for forgiveness

Pope excommunicates king

King orders pope to resign

Pope bans lay investiture

The wedding couple

If local priests can get married against the orders of the Pope, who is in charge of the Church?

Patterns

How might the purpose of the design of gothic cathedrals in Christianity share a pattern with the Hajj in Islam?

Europe & Christianity, part 3

Europe & Christianity, part 4

Innovations in military technology can help countries win wars.

Countries seek new or improved weapons to give themselves an

advantage in war.

Effects of modern weapons have been far different from the

effects of medieval weapons.

Not in use

The feudal system declines as agriculture, trade, finance, towns, and universities develop.

Climate warms New technology

Horses plow 3x as much as oxen

Three-field system

In 1215 English nobles force King John to sign Magna Carta

Limits king’s power and guarantees basic political rights

English people argue the laws and rights are for all people, not just nobles

Pope asserts authority over France’s king, king has pope imprisoned; pope dies soon after

Two popes chosen — one in Rome, one in France, each declares the other false, causing split called Great Schism

The Muslim Connection

Christian scholars read translations of Greek works made by Muslims

Crusaders return with Muslim knowledge of navigation, ships, weapons

Written works not in Latin but in vernacular — everyday language

Englishman Wycliffe argues Jesus is head of the Church, not pope

Hus teaches that Bible is final authority

excommunicated, heretic, burned at stake

The Catholic Church undergoes reform and launches Crusades against Muslims

Problems

• Some Church officials marry even though the Church objects

• Simony: selling religious offices

• Kings use lay investiture to appoint bishops. Reformers believe only the Church should appoint bishops

Reforms

• Starting in 1100s, popes reorganize Church like a kingdom

• Pope’s advisors make Church laws; diplomats travel

• Church collects tithes;uses money to care for sick, poor, build church power

The reform of the Catholic church during this time

explains Christianity today.

The Crusades left a legacy of distrust

between Christians and Muslims.

The conflict between balancing the power of government and church continues

today.

The foundations for constitutional

government began in this time.

Clergy: religious officials

Canon law: Church rules

• marriages and religious practices

• Popes have power over political leaders through threat of excommunication: banishment from Church, denial of salvation

• Kings expected to obey pope’s commands