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Elements of Permaculture, class two: Design methodologies, reading the landscape, mapping flows of energetic materials, slope, zone, sector, design elements & design functions. Also indoor plumbing, crabs, etc.
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Elements of PermacultureDesigning for Place
Ben Kessler Laughing Crow Permaculture
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Design Process I1. Observation– What is already here?
• 2. Interpretation– What does it mean?
• 3. Design– What can we do with it?
• 4. Implementation– Do it!
• 5. Assessment– Did it work?
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Humans are a Keystone Species• Like beavers and elephants, humans deform, reform, and
transform their environment
• “There’s a learning curve in all phases of design. There’s an unlearning curve in how we relate to our habitat - cultural views of humans and nature as separate.”
– Connor Stedman
• “We must make treaties with the land - and keep them.” – Farrell Cunningham
• As permaculture designers, we are building relationship with our role as major actors in the landscape.
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Castor canadensis
River
Pond
Wetland Meadow
Forest Meadow
Ethics Earth Care
People Care
Distribute the Surplus
Yahatidom: “Being a part of the cause of its goodness.”
Earth Care
Care of the earth means care of all living and nonliving things: soils, species, atmospheres, forests, micro-habitats, waters, etc.
Rebuild nature’s capital.
“I am not protecting the forest, I am a part of the forest protecting itself.” – John Seed
People CareCare of the earth also implies care of the people so that our basic needs for food, shelter, education, satisfying employment, human contact, etc. are met.
Nurture the self, kin, and community- those who we can be responsible for directly.
Distribute the Surplus “Fair Share”
After we have taken care of our basic needs and designed our systems to the best of our ability, we can extend our influence and energies to helping others achieve that aim.
Consume appropriately.
Limit reproduction in some practical sense.
Life Ethic
The permaculture system also has a basic Life Ethic, which recognizes the intrinsic worth of every living organism, human or otherwise.
Pan-species Personhood: Everybody’s somebody, and nobody’s more inherently important than anybody.
PersonPerson
Person
Person
People
Person
People
Densely populated Ariundle Woods, Scotland
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Panarchy
All systems affect all others.
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Design Process IIObservation
Ethical Intention
Natural Systems Thinking
Assessment
PatternIntegrates all for best
Flow & Function
Tools, Ideas & Systems
Methods of Design Visioning
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Design Process III
Observation
Sequence The Map
Implementation Master Plan
Investigation Assessment
Analysis
Conceptual Design(The Vision)
History & Background Statement of Intent
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Guiding Design Principles1. Everything is connected to everything else
2. Every Function is supported by many Elements
3. Every Element should serve many Functions
4. Independence through Interdependence
Element: Any component part of a systemFunction: What the system is designed to doProduct: The Yield of an Element
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Stack FunctionsAssemble Elements to complement each other’s Functions spatially and temporally.
Standard & Coppice Circle Garden
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Resources & ChaosA Resource is any energy storage which assures Yield.
The Chaos/Disorder Principle: If Resources are addedbeyond the capacity of the system to productively use them,then that system becomes chaotic or disordered. (after Eugene Odum)
Chaos or Disorder is the opposite of Harmony, asCompetition is the opposite of Cooperation. In disorder,much useful energy is cancelled out by the use of opposingenergy, thus creating Entropy or ‘bound’ energy. This iswasteful.
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Eutrophication
Too much of a good thing!
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Function & FailureFunctional Design:
Sustainable (at minimum); provides for its own needsHas good, or surplus, Product Yield
Requires that:Every Product used by some ElementNeeds of every Element supplied by other Elements in the system
Failure Results in:Pollution: Unused Product/over-abundant ResourceWork: Deficiency of Resources/lack of aid to one or more Elements
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Design Fail
This machine turns fresh water, valuable nutrients, andorganic material into Pollution.
For more information, visit http://weblife.org/humanure/default.html
Utter Chaos!
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Slow the Flow!
- Catch & store materials at their highest energetic state
- Increase the number of energy uptake points (i.e. increase surface area)
- Slow the passage of materials from high to low energetic states
- Use only the amount of energy that can be productively
absorbed by the system
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Source to Sink
Throughput System Regenerative System
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Effective Design Goals1. Adaptability2. Optimize Relative Location3. Use Biological Resources4. Stack Functions5. Appeal to Senses; Beauty6. Physical Comfort7. Practicality8. Safety9. Maintenance10. Integrate Elements: Natural, Constructed, Social, Ethical11. Conserve Resources: Yours, Enviroment’s
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Methodologies of DesignTechniques: Concerned with How to do things
e.g. Organic Gardening
Strategies: Concerned with How and When to do thingse.g. Biodynamics
Design: Concerned with Patterninge.g. Permaculture
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Approaches to Design
1. Maps: “Where is everything?”
2. Analysis of Elements: “How do these things connect?”
3. Zone & Sector Planning: “Where do we put things?”
4. Observation: “What’s going on here, anyway?”
5. Experience: “What feels right for this place?”
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MapsUse P.A. Yeoman’s Scale of Permanence to inform sequence of maps:
1. Climate: Hardiness Zone, Temperature, Rainfall, Extreme Weather2. Land Shape: Hills, Valleys, Rivers, Flats
3. Water Flow & Storage: Swales, Dams, Ponds4. Roads: Paths, Deer Trails, Highways5. Trees: Orchards, Forests, Woodlots6. Buildings: Homestead, Commerce Center, Police Station7. Subdivision of Land: Fences, Garden Beds, Neighborhoods, Fields8. Soil: Earthworks, Amended Areas, Topsoil Profile Zones
Remember: “The map is not the terrain…”
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Parkside Development Stormwater Flow, Los Angeles, CAcourtesy of Scott Kleinrock
Epworth Forest Gardencourtesy of Ethan Roland & Conner Stedman
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Analysis of ElementsList the Yields, Needs, and intrinsic characteristics of eachElement.
Lists are made to try to supply (by some other Element inthe system) the Needs of any particular Element.
Experiment on paper, connecting and combining Elementsto achieve no Pollution and minimize Work.
Close the Loops!
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Yields & Needs
Tomato/TomatlSolanum lycopersicum
Yields NeedsFull Sunlight, Water, NPK, Micronutrients,
Warm Soil, Protection from Herbivores, Mycorrhizal Partners, Slightly Acidic Soil pH, Well-drained Soil, Structural Support, Love
Delicious Fruit, Spatial Demarcation, Mulch, Dense Verdant Foliage, Pest Protection for
Brassicas and Gooseberries, Companionship for Basil and Nettles
Zone 0: House
Zone I: Annual Garden, Deck, Greenhouse
Zone II: Barn, Orchard, Ponds
Zone III: Pastures, Windbreaks,
Zone IV: Woodlot
Zone V: Wilderness
Zones help us place elements on the site so they reduce Work, Resource use, and maintenance, boost Yields and diversity, and recycle Resources.
Zone Planning
Sector Analysis• Sun: Summer & Winter paths
• Winds: Cold, Hot, Dusty, etc.
• Fire
• Wildlife Corridors
• Views: Pleasant, Ugly, Privacy
• Shade: Buildings, Vegetation
• Landforms: Slope, Sinks, etc.
• Traffic: Human, Cars, etc.
• Pollution: Chemical, Noise, etc.
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Slope & Temperature
Cool Sink
Warm PocketMid-Slope
Wind-Chilled Summit
RisingThermals
Adiabatic Winds
Vegetation Buffers Changes in Temperature
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Slope & Water- Water flows downhill
- Water collects in low, cool areas with poorly drained soil
- Water is stored in the bodies of living organisms
- Water is stored in the soil
Keyline: Where the slope of the landscape changes.
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Thanks toAndrew Jeeves
Bill MollisonConner StedmanScott Kleinrock
&Tyrone LaFay
for words and pictures
Contact [email protected]
laughingcrowpermaculture.wordpress.com