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Social Studies for Gr 8 under Br. Jeff Pioquinto, SJ (Honors Program)
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Egyptian Civilization
The roots of Egyptian civilization go back more than 6,000 years to the beginning of settled life along the banks of the Nile River. The country has an unusual geographical and cultural unity that has given the people a strong sense of identity and a pride in their heritage as descendants of humankind's earliest civilized community.
King Menes, the glorious Pharaonic Age began. Power was centralized in the hands of a pharaoh, and, thus, the country became the first organized society.
• The ancient Egyptians were the first people of antiquity to believe in life after death.
• They were the first to build in stone and to fashion the arch in stone and brick.
• Even before the unification of the Two Lands, they had developed a plough and a system of writing.
• They were accomplished sailors and shipbuilders.
• They learned to chart the heavens in order to predict the Nile flood.
• Their physicians prescribed healing remedies and performed surgical operations.
• They sculpted in stone and decorated the walls of their tombs with naturalistic murals in vibrant colours.
Pharaoh TutankhamunTutankhamun, the 11th pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Ancient Egypt, was unremarkable, is famous due to the discovery of his completely intact tomb by the British archaeologist Howard Carter in 1922.
The discovery of Tutankhamun's mummy revealed that he was about 17 when he died and was likely to have inherited the throne at the age of eight or nine.
Uncertainty still surrounds his death. He may have been assassinated, or died as the result of an injury received while hunting.
Menphis
Nefertiti (ca. 1370 BC – ca. 1330 BC) was the Great Royal Wife (chief consort) of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten. Nefertiti and her husband were known for a religious revolution, in which they worshiped one god only, Aten, or the sun disc.
Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
• http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/gods/explore/main.html
Ramesses II• He is often regarded as the greatest, most
celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the Egyptian Empire
