William Allan KritsonisEditor-in-Chief

David E. HerringtonInvited Guest Editor

James JuricaInvited Associate Editor

Kathleen M. BrownEditorial Consultant

Fenwick W. EnglishInternational Consultant

Rosemary PapaConsulting Editor

L. Rusty WallerConsultant to the Editor

Richard and Rebecca DuFourSpecial Editorial Consultants

Thomas A. RakesSpecial Advisor

Richard BlackbournSpecial Advisor

Fred C. LunenburgSpecial Advisor

W. Sean KearneySpecial Advisor

John I. GoodladNational Advisor

National

FORUMOf Educational Administration And Supervision Journal

WEBSITE: www.nationalforum.com

Mary Alice Kritsonis Amanda Clare Charlie Sellers

National Research &Manuscript Editor

KritsonisPublic Relations

Specialist

Website Manager

Kathleen HerringtonNational Field Advisor

J. M. BlackbournEditorial Advisor

Patricia Hoffman-MillerEditorial Advisor

Alex Torrez Education Advisor

Alexis and Austin Brown

Copy Editors

Jennifer T. ButcherAdvisor

NATIONAL FORUM OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION JOURNAL

National Policy Board

Vincent A. Anfara, Jr., University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TNPatti L. Chance, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV

Fenwick W. English, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NCJohn I. Goodlad, Emeritus, University of Washington, Seattle, WAReginald Leon Green, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN

Rosemary Papa, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZThomas A. Rakes, University of Tennessee, Martin, TN

Evangeline Harris Stefanakis, Tufts University, Boston, MAThomas C. Valesky, Florida Gulf Coast University at Fort Myers, Fort Myers, FL

Philip T. West, Emeritus, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXBen Wilson, Jr., Emeritus, Sul Ross State University Rio Grande College, Uvalde, TX

W.C. Wolf, Jr., Emeritus, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA

National Board of Invited Distinguished Jurors

Roselia Alaniz, University of Houston, Victoria, TXRobert H. Anderson, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL

Charles T. Araki, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HIEdwin D. Bell, East Carolina University, Greenville, NCJ.M. Blackbourn, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS

Richard Blackbourn, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MSClement E. Glenn, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX

Karen L. Hayes, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NEMack Hines III, Sam Houston University, Huntsville, TX

Lisa Hobson, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TXJames D. Laub, University of Texas of the Permian Basin, Odessa, TX

Edward R. Lilly, The City University of New York, New York, NYJames F. McNamara, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXArthur Petterway, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX

Conn Thomas, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TXSheri L. Miller-Williams, United Povidence!, Providence, RI

Perry A. Zirkel, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA

NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS

Partial Listing of Affiliated Universities, Colleges, and Schools

A.E. Phillips Laboratory School, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA Albuquerque Public Schools, Albuquerque, NMAlabama A&M University, Normal, ALAnchorage School District, Anchorage, AKAmerican Association of University Professors, Washington, DCAppalachian State University, Boone, NCAtlanta Public Schools, Atlanta, GAAzusa Pacific University, Azusa, CABall State University, Muncie, INBaltimore County Public Schools, Baltimore, MDBarry University, Miami Shores, FLBen Gurion University-Negev, Birmingham, ALBiblioteksjanst Subscriptions, Lund, SwedenBirmingham City Schools, Birmingham, ALBlackwell’s Information Services, Oxford, EnglandBoston College, Chestnut Hill, MABoston School District, Boston, MABoston SPA, Wetherby, Great BritainBowie State University, Bowie, MDBradley University, Peoria, ILBrandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, CanadaBrigham Young University, Provo, UTBrooks Administrative Center, Prince Frederic, MDBroward Community College, Fort Lauderdale, FLBuffalo City School District, Buffalo, NYBuffalo State College, Buffalo, NYCaddo Parish School Board, Shreveport, LACalifornia State University, Dominguez Hills, CACalifornia State University, Fresno, CACalifornia State University, Fullerton, CACalifornia State University, Los Angeles, CACalifornia State University, San MarcosCanisius College, Buffalo, NY

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NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS

Partial Listing of Affiliated Universities, Colleges, and Schools

Carson Newman College, Jefferson, City, TNCentral Missouri State University, Warrensburg, MOCentral Washington University, Ellensburg, WashingtonChestnut Hill College, Philadelphia, PAChicago Public Schools, Chicago, ILCity University, Bellevue, WAClark County School District, Las Vegas, NVClemson University, Clemson, SCCollege of Modern Languages, Kaohsiung, TaiwanColumbia University, New York, NYColumbus City School District, Columbus, OHDallas Independent School District, Dallas, TXDawson U.K., LTD, Kent, EnglandDayton Public Schools, Dayton, OHDenver Publish Schools, Denver, CODetroit Public Schools, Detroit, MIDistrict of Columbia Public Schools, Washington, DCDevine Information Services, Westwood, MADrake University, Des Moines, IAEast Baton Rouge Parish School Board, Baton Rouge, LAEast Carolina University, Greenville, NCEastern Washington University, Cheney, WAEBSCO Industries, Birmingham, ALEmporia State University, Emporia, KSERIC ClearinghousesFAXON, Westwood, MAFayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NCFlorida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FLFlorida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FLFlorida State University, Tallahassee, FLForth Worth Independent School District, Fort Worth, TXFresno Unified School District, Fresno, CAFurman University, Greenville, SC

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NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS

Partial Listing of Affiliated Universities, Colleges, and Schools

George Washington University, Washington DCGeorgia State University, Atlanta, GAGoodlett Elementary School, Memphis, TNGulf Coast State University, Ft. Myers, FLHarrassowitz, Wiesbaden, GermanyHarvard University, Cambridge, MAHawaii Department of Education, Honolulu, HIHenderson State University, Arkadelphia, ARHouston Independent School District, Houston, TXIllinois State University, Normal, ILIowa State University, Ames, IAInternational Resource & Development Center, Richmond, VAJohn Hopkins University, Baltimore, MDKarger AG, Schweiz, SwitzerlandKean University, Union, NJLong Beach Unified School District, Long Beach, CALouisiana State University, Baton RougeLos Angeles County Office of Education, Los Angeles, CALos Angeles Unified School District, Los Angeles, CALoyola University, Chicago, ILLoyola University, New Orleans, LAMarshall University, South Charles, WVMiami-Dade County Public Schools, Miami, FLMemphis City School District, Memphis, TNMichigan State University, East Lansing, MIMidwest Library Services, Bridgeton, MOMilwaukee Public Schools, Milwaukee, WIMinneapolis Public Schools, Minneapolis, MNMississippi State University, Starkville, MSMobile County Public School System, Mobile, ALMorris MacDonald School, Manitoba, CanadaNew Orleans Public Schools, New Orleans, LANew York City Department of Education, New York, NY

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NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS

Partial Listing of Affiliated Universities, Colleges, and Schools

Niagara University, Niagara Falls, New YorkNicholls State University, Thibodaux, LANorth Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCNorth Dakota State University, Fargo, NDNorth Mississippi Regional Center, Oxford, MSOhio University, Athens, OHOklahoma City Public Schools, Oklahoma City, OKOhio State University, Columbus, OHOakland Unified School District, Oakland, CAOmaha Public Schools, Pittsburgh, PAOregon State University, Corvallis, OROriel College, University of Oxford, Oxford, EnglandPortland State University, Portland, ORPortland School District, Portland, ORPostfach, Schweiz, SwitzerlandPrairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TXProvidence College, Providence, RIPurdue University, West Lafayette, INReadmore Academic Services, Inc., Turnersville, NJRhode Island College, Providence, RIRichmond City School District, Richmond, VARoosevelt University, Chicago, ILRowan University, Glassboro, NJSan Antonio Independent School District, San Antonio, TXSan Diego State University, San Diego, CASan Diego City Unified School District, San Diego, CASan Francisco State University, San Francisco, CASan Francisco United School District, San Francisco, CASeattle Pacific University, Seattle, WASeattle Public Schools, Seattle, WASeattle University, Seattle, WASKANFOSouth Carolina State College, Orangeburg, SC

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NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS

Partial Listing of Affiliated Universities, Colleges, and Schools

Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LASouthern Illinois University, Carbondale, ILSouthern University, Baton Rouge, LASouthwest Missouri State University, Springfield, MOStanford University, Palo Alto, CASul Ross State University/Rio Grande College, Del Rio, TXSul Ross State University/Rio Grande College, Eagle Pass, TXSul Ross State University/Rio Grande College, Uvalde, TXSUNY, New York, NYSweets Blackwell, Inc., The NetherlandsSweets Blackwell, Inc., Runnemeda, NJSweets Blackwell, Inc., Exton, PASyracuse University, Syracuse, New YorkTennessee State University, Nashville, TNTexas A&M University, College Station, TXThe Truman Pierce Institute, Auburn University, Auburn, ALThe University of Calgary, Calgary, CanadaToledo-Lucas County Public Library, Toledo, OHTroy University, Troy, ALTufts University, Boston, MATucson Unified School District, Tucson, AZUniversity of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, ALUniversity of Arkansas, Fayetteville, ARUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CAUniversity of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OHUniversity of Colorado at Denver, Denver, COUniversity of Dayton, Dayton, OHUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, FLUniversity of Georgia, Athens, GAUniversity of Idaho, Moscow, IDUniversity of Hawaii, Honolulu, HIUniversity of Houston, Houston, TXUniversity of Iowa, Iowa City, IA

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NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS

Partial Listing of Affiliated Universities, Colleges, and Schools

University of Jordan, Amman, JordanUniversity of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LAUniversity of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LAUniversity of Louisville, Louisville, KYUniversity of Lowell, Lowell, MAUniversity of Maine, Orono, MEUniversity of Massachusetts, Amherst, MAUniversity of Memphis, Memphis, TNUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MIUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MNUniversity of Mississippi, Oxford, MSUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, MOUniversity of Missouri at St. Louis, St. Louis, MOUniversity of Montana, Missoula, MTUniversity of Nebraska at LincolnUniversity of Nebraska at OmahaUniversity of Nevada at Las Vegas, NevadaUniversity of Nevada at Reno, NVUniversity of New Orleans, New Orleans, LAUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NCUniversity of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NCUniversity of North Dakota, Grand Forks, NDUniversity of North Florida, Jacksonville, FLUniversity of Northern Colorado, Greeley, COUniversity of Notre Dame, South Bend, INUniversity of Oregon, Eugene, ORUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PAUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PAUniversity of San Diego, San Diego, CAUniversity of San Francisco, San Francisco, CAUniversity of Scranton, Scranton, PAUniversity of South Alabama, Mobile, ALUniversity of South Carolina, Columbia, SC

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NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS

Partial Listing of Affiliated Universities, Colleges, and Schools

University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SDUniversity of Southern Maine, Gorham, MEUniversity of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MSUniversity of Tennessee, Knoxville, TNUniversity of Texas, Arlington, TXUniversity of Texas, Austin, TXUniversity of Texas of the Permian Basin, Odessa, TXUniversity of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTUniversity of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, VIUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, VAUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WAUniversity of Wyoming, Laramie, WYValdosta State University, Valdosta, GAVanderbilt University, Nashville, TNWashington State University, Pullman, WAWayne State University, Detroit, MIWeber State University, Ogden, UTWestern Illinois University, Macomb, ILWest Texas A&M University, Canyon, TXWest Virginia University, Morgantown, WVWestern Carolina University, Cullowhee, NCWestern Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KYWestern Washington University, Bellingham, WAWichita School District, Wichita, KSWinona State University, Winona, MNWinston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NCXavier University, New Orleans, LAYork University, Ontario, CanadaYoungstown State University, Youngstown, OH

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