“We teach through a re-arrangement of the raw reality:

a specimen, a manageable sample of a whole…

when the direct experience cannot be used properly

in its natural setting.”

-Edgar Dale

EXAMPLE OF CONTRIVED EXPERIENCES

Mock up

Models

Specimen

Artifacts

Simulation

Games

Is an ‘’edited” copies of reality and are

used as substitutes for real thing.

Is a reproduction of a real thing in a

small scale, or a large scale, or exact

size-but made of synthetic materials.

Is an arrangement of a real device or

associated devices, displayed in such a

way that representation of reality is

created.

Is any individual or item considered

typical of a group class or whole. It is

simply part of a whole thing.

Displayed in a museum or objects

displayed in exhibits or preserved insects

specimen in science.

Is a representation of manageable real

event in which the learner is an active

participant engaged in learning a

behavior or in applying previously

acquired skills or knowledge.

Forms of physical exercise taught to

children at school

GAMES- are played to win

SIMULATION- need not have a winner

1. Overcome limitations of space and time,

2. To “edit” reality for us to be able to

focus on parts or a process of a system

that intend to study,

3. To overcome difficulties of size,

4. To understand the inaccessible, and

5. Help the learners understand

abstractions.