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Pat Cummings Presentation
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Quantitative Research Methods
Presentation to Dr. Glenn E Malone’s WSU Research Methods I ClassBy Pat Cummings, Director Research & Evaluation Tacoma Public
SchoolsJune 12th, 2014
Quantitative vs Qualitative Research
2
Qualitative Data that relies on observation and interpretation as opposed to numbers
Quantitative dataData that is data based strictly on numerical measurements
Research Basics
3
Validity
4
Reliability
5
Generalizability
6
The “Average” Problem
7
Understanding Educational Data
and Impact of Poverty
8
Children growing up in poverty are less likely to do well at school. This can put them at a disadvantage in later life which, in turn, can affect their children.
What are Poverty Rates by Age?Trends from1959-
2009
Note: Shaded areas denote recession
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Historical Poverty Tables 9
What Contributes to
PovertyAverage Family Wealth by
Ethnicity 1983-2010
10Source: Urban Institute http://www.urban.org/changing-wealth-americans/lost-generations-interactive-race.cfm
Percent Poverty by Ethnicity
Tacoma Public Schools 2014
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
40%21% 18%
28% 27%12%
55%
60%79% 82%
72% 73%88%
45%
FRL-YesFRL-No
11
How many of our students are homeless?• For the sixth year in a row,
the number of homeless students in Washington state has increased
• Last year, Tacoma had 1,489 homeless students
• 1 out of 20 students in Tacoma are homeless (almost twice the state rate*)
12Source: OSPI McKinney Vento 2013 (Tacoma 5/1%, WA States 2.9%)
What are Word Gaps By Age 3?From Betty Hart and
Todd Risley
Source: Adapted from Hart and Risley, Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experiences of Young American Children (Baltimore, MD: Paul; H. Brookes, 1995) 13
What Contributes to Poverty?
Unemployment & Earnings by Education Levels
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey 2009 14
What Contributes to Poverty?
US Incarceration Rates Stratified by Race
Source: Bonczar, T. (2003). Prevalence of Imprisonment in the U.S. Population, 1974-2001. Washington, D.C. :Bureau of Justice Statistics15
What are Academic Poverty
Gaps?Grade 4 Reading and Math MSP 2012-13
Reading Math
(Gap = 24) (Gap = 22) 16
What are Monthly Costs for Family of 4
in Tacoma?
Source: Family Budget Calculator; Economic Policy Institute http://www.epi.org/resources/budget/ 17
What are Guidelines for Poverty?
Source: Department of Health and Human Services 18
Minimum Wage
$9.19/Houror
$19,115/Year
Homeless Student Count
McKinney-Vento for Districts Enrollment > 10,000
Tacoma 1,489 Homeless
19
Homeless Student PercentMcKinney-Vento for Districts
Enrollment > 10,000Tacoma 5.1% Homeless
State Average 2.9%
20
What Contributes to Poverty?
Lifetime Likelihood of Imprisonment
Source: Bonczar, T. (2003). Prevalence of Imprisonment in the U.S. Population, 1974-2001. Washington, D.C. :Bureau of Justice Statistics21
FRL-Assessment Trends
http://tinyurl.com/TPSMotion
23
Discipline Trendshttp://tinyurl.com/TPSDiscipline
24
Graduationhttp://tinyurl.com/TPSGradResults
25