Cse it seminar ppt1, An Approach To IT Project Management

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An Approach To IT Project Management, Risk, Quality

and Component Based Development

Presented By

GIRIJA SANKAR DASHEMBETICS SOLUTIONS


Presentation Agenda

• Role of IT in Business

• Types of Projects IT should be engaged in

• Strategies for IT Project Management

• Introduction to project management

• Project Risk management

• Quality assurance and Management

• Component Based Software Engineering(CBSE) Or Component Based Development(CBD)


To provide the systems and technological infrastructure to support improvements in operational efficiency and responsiveness

Productivity Significance Monitoring Business Performance Management E-Commerce

Role of IT in Business


IT Should be Engaged In…

1. Process and Product Design1. Analysis and Design Tools2. Knowledge Management

2. Production Systems1. Equipment controls2. Scheduling3. Simulators

3. Infrastructure1. Data Communications Networks2. Database Systems3. Intranet, Intranet and Extranet, EDI4. Disaster Recovery

4. Administration and Management1. Productivity tools2. Supply Chain Management3. Decision Support Systems

5. IT Focused Education


Challenges

ITDepartment

Resources

Shifting Priorities

Competition

Customer Demands

Production drivers (tactical vs. strategic)

Regulations


Some facts…

IT projects have a terrible track record A 1995 Standish Group study (CHAOS) found that only

16.2% of IT projects were successful and over 31% were canceled before completion, costing over $81 B in the U.S. alone

The need for IT projects keeps increasing In 2000, there were 300,000 new IT projects In 2001, over 500,000 new IT projects were started In 2004, IT spending in the US increased an estimated

4.4% over 2003 (Forrester Research) In 2005, another 5.7% growth is estimated (Forrester

Research)


What is Project Management?

A project is “a temporary endeavor undertaken to accomplish a unique Product or service.”

Project management is “the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet or exceed project requirements.”


INTRODUCTION

Information Technology (IT) projects are organizational investments that require

Time Money Other resources such as people, technology,

facilities, etc.Organizations expect some type of value

in return of this investment IT Project Management is a relatively

new discipline that combines traditional Project Management with Software Engineering/Management Information Systems to make IT projects more successful.


Why Do IT Projects Fail?

Larger projects have the lowest success rate and appear to be more risky than medium and smaller projects

Technology, business models and markets change so rapidly that a project that takes more than a year can be obsolete before they are completed.


Project Attributes

Time FramePurpose (to provide value!)OwnershipResources (the triple constraint)Roles

Project Manager Project Sponsor SME (domain & technical)

Risk & Assumptions Interdependent TasksPlanned Organizational ChangeOperate in Environments Larger than the

Project Itself


The Triple Constraint


The Project Life Cycle and IT Development

Project Life Cycle (PLC) A collection of logical stages or phases that

maps the life of a project from its beginning to its end in order to define, build and deliver the product of the project – i.e., the information system

Projects are divided into phases to increase manageability and reduce risk Phase exits, stage gates, or kill points are

decision points at the end of each phase to evaluate performance, correct problems or cancel the project

Fast tracking is the overlapping of phases to reduce the project’s schedule

Can be risky!


Relationship Between PLC and SDLC The systems development life cycle (SDLC)

becomes part of the project life cycle (PLC). The PLC focuses on the project management

phases, processes, tools and techniques for effectively managing the project.

The SDLC focuses on the software engineering phases, processes, tools and techniques for building and/or implementing the IT solution.


Most in Demand IT Skills

Rank IT Skill/Job Average Annual Salary 1 SQL Database Analyst $80,664 2 Oracle Database Analyst $87,144 3 C/C++ Programmer $95,829 4 Visual Basic Programmer $76,903 5 E-commerce/Java Developer $89,163 6 Windows NT/2000 Expert $80,639 7 Windows/Java Developert $93,785 8 Security Architect $86,881 9 Project Manager $95,719

10 Network Engineer $82,906 Paul Ziv, “The Top 10 IT Skills in Demand,” Global Knowledge Webcast (www.globalknowledge.com) (11/20/2002).

Rank IT Skill/Job Average Annual Salary 1 SQL Database Analyst $80,664 2 Oracle Database Analyst $87,144 3 C/C++ Programmer $95,829 4 Visual Basic Programmer $76,903 5 E-commerce/Java Developer $89,163 6 Windows NT/2000 Expert $80,639 7 Windows/Java Developert $93,785 8 Security Architect $86,881 9 Project Manager $95,719

10 Network Engineer $82,906 Paul Ziv, “The Top 10 IT Skills in Demand,” Global Knowledge Webcast (www.globalknowledge.com) (11/20/2002).


Skills of a Project Manager

· Communication skills: listening, persuading

· Organizational skills: planning, goal-setting, analyzing

· Team Building skills: empathy, motivation, esprit de corps

· Leadership skills: set examples, be energetic, have vision (big picture), delegate, be positive

· Coping skills: flexibility, creativity, patience, persistence

· Technological skills: experience, project knowledge


Project Success FactorsIn order of importance:

1. Executive support2. User involvement3. Experienced project manager4. Clear business objectives5. Minimized scope6. Standard software infrastructure7. Firm basic requirements8. Formal methodology9. Reliable estimates10. Others


Strategies for IT Project Management

Hire (or develop someone) with great project management skills

Adopt the Project Management Institute’s PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge)

Adopt a methodology or framework for operations or systems development (ITIL/MOF, MSF, etc) or develop your own

Use technology to assist in managing projects

Create a Project Management Office


Project Management Body of Knowledge(PMBOK)

• A compilation of proven practices used in the profession of project management

• Extends to the sum of knowledge of practitioners and academics that apply it

• Also acts as a common lexicon within the profession

• Defines the Knowledge areas and Process Groups• Maps the Knowledge areas into the Process Groups• Identifies tools and techniques for each Knowledge area


PMBOK – Project Management Framework


Process Groups in a Project


IT Project Lifecycle (Microsoft)


MOF Process Model and Service Management Functions


MSF Team Model


MSF Process Model


Tools

Word processor and spreadsheet Communication software (email, virtual

meeting, portal, etc.) PMBOK – tools identified for each

knowledge area Project management software (like MS

Project)


Project Management Software

Small projects TurboProject, Milestone Simplicity, Project Vision,

Quick Gantt, Microsoft Project, Primavera SureTrakLarger Cross-functional Projects

Microsoft Project and PrimaveraMulti-Project management

Microsoft Project Server, Primavera, Open Plan, Cobra, Enterprise PM, Micro Planner X-Pert

Microsoft Demos:http://www.microsoft.com/office/project/prodinfo/demo.mspx

http://www.microsoft.com/office/project/prodinfo/demo.mspx

http://www.microsoft.com/office/project/prodinfo/demo.mspx


Project Management OfficeBenefits

Project Support Project Management

Methodology Training Home Base for Project

Managers Internal Consulting and

Mentoring Software Tools Portfolio Management


Project Management OfficeChallenges

ROI is not quick Corporate culture could be resistant Difficult to develop metrics to track success Which model do you choose – central

project management or consulting?


What is Project management

Scope Management Time Management Quality Management Cost Management Risk Management


FALSE ASSUMPTIONS The scope can be completely defined Scope definition can be done before the project starts

Software development consists of distinctly different activities which can be measured and estimated

Software development activities can be sequenced There is always a way to produce meaningful estimates

The size of the project team doesn’t affect the development process. The mythical Man-Month

One developer is equivalent to another Metrics are sufficient to assess the quality of software. Quality checklists solve all problems.


Risk Management

Project risk management is the art and science of identifying, analyzing, and responding to risk throughout the life of a project and in the best interests of meeting project objectives

Main processes include: Risk management planning Risk identification Qualitative risk analysis Quantitative risk analysis Risk response planning Risk monitoring and control


Introduction To Risk Management

Risk management: process of identifying and controlling risks facing an organization

Risk identification: process of examining an organization’s current information technology security situation

Risk control: applying controls to reduce risks to an organizations data and information systems


Benefits from Software Risk Management Practices


Negative Risk

A dictionary definition of risk is “the possibility of loss or injury”

Negative risk involves understanding potential problems that might occur in the project and how they might impede project success

Negative risk management is like a form of insurance; it is an investment


Risk Can Be Positive

Positive risks are risks that result in good things happening; sometimes called opportunities

A general definition of project risk is an uncertainty that can have a negative or positive effect on meeting project objectives

The goal of project risk management is to minimize potential negative risks while maximizing potential positive risks


Common Sources of Risk in Information Technology Projects

Several studies show that IT projects share some common sources of risk

The Standish Group developed an IT success potential scoring sheet based on potential risks

Other broad categories of risk help identify potential risks


Information Technology Success Potential Scoring Sheet

Success Criterion Relative Importance

User Involvement 19

Executive Management support 16

Clear Statement of Requirements 15

Proper Planning 11

Realistic Expectations 10

Smaller Project Milestones 9

Competent Staff 8

Ownership 6

Clear Visions and Objectives 3

Hard-Working, Focused Staff 3

Total 100


Broad Categories of Risk

Market risk

Financial risk

Technology risk

People risk

Structure/process risk


Risk Breakdown Structure

A risk breakdown structure is a hierarchy of potential risk categories for a project

Similar to a work breakdown structure but used to identify and categorize risks


Results of Good Project Risk Management

Unlike crisis management, good project risk management often goes unnoticed

Well-run projects appear to be almost effortless, but a lot of work goes into running a project well

Project managers should strive to make their jobs look easy to reflect the results of well-run projects


Software quality management

Concerned with ensuring that the required level of quality is achieved in a software product.

Involves defining appropriate quality standards and procedures and ensuring that these are followed.

Should aim to develop a ‘quality culture’ where quality is seen as everyone’s responsibility.


What is quality?Quality means that a product satisfies the

demands of its specifications It also means achieving a high level of

customer satisfaction with the product In software systems this is difficult

customer quality requirements (e.g. efficiency or reliability) often conflict with developer quality requirements (e.g. maintainability or reusability)

software specifications are often incomplete, inconsistent, or ambiguous


Quality management activities

Quality assurance Establish organisational procedures and standards for

quality.Quality planning

Select applicable procedures and standards for a particular project and modify these as required.

Quality control Ensure that procedures and standards are followed by

the software development team.Quality management should be separate

from project management to ensure independence.


Software Quality Attributes Safety Security Reliability Resilience Robustness Understandability Testability Adaptability Modularity Complexity Portability Usability Reusability Accessibility Efficiency Learnability


ISO 9000

International set of standards for quality management

Quality standards and procedures must be documented in an organizational quality manual

An external body is often used to certify that the quality manual conforms to ISO 9000 standards

Many customers are demanding that suppliers are ISO 9000 certified


ISO 9000 and quality management

Project 1quality plan



Project qualitymanagement

Organizationquality manual

ISO 9000quality models

Organiza tionquality process

is used to develop instantiated as

instantiated as

documents

Supports


Introduction To Component-Based Software Engineering

COMPONENT

Dictionary definition

A unit of, part of a model

“A software component is a software element that conforms to a component model, and can be independently deployed and composed without modification according to a composition standard.”

Hardware components

Software components

SD

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12


What is CBSE

Component-Based Software Engineering is a process that emphasizes the design and construction of computer-based systems using reusable software “components”.

In CBSE, reusable component construction and component

integration for software system are the major focus.

Who are involved in Component-Based Software Engineering ?

-System analyst- Software engineers - Component software developers -

Application software integration engineers- Test engineers and QA- Project and product managers


Advantages & Disadvantages of CBSE Management of Complexity Reduce Development Time Increased Productivity Improved Quality

Development of Components Lack of Components Component Maintenance Costs Reliability and Sensitivity to changes Unsatisfied Requirements


CBSE vs. Traditional SE CBSE views the system as a set of off-the-shelf

components integrated within an appropriate architecture. SE seeks to create a system from scratch. CBSE Life Cycle is

shorter. CBSE develops

Architecture. CBSE is less

expensive

CBSE does not have any standard development models like UML for SE. CBSE is young, therefore long term maintainability is largely unknown. SE can fulfill requirements more easily. CBSE fulfillment of requirements is based on the available components.

CBSE Waterfall

Find Select

Design

AdoptTest Deploy

ImplementationTest Maintenance

Replace Release


SP OOP COP

Divide and conquer for managing complexity break a large problem down into smaller pieces

Yes Yes Yes

Unification of data and function a software entity combines data and the functions processing those data. improve cohesion

Yes Yes

Encapsulation The client of a software entity is insulated from how that software entity’s data is stored or how its functions are implemented. Reduce coupling

Yes Yes

Identity Each software entity has a unique identity

Yes Yes

Interface represent specification dependency divide a component specification into interfaces restrict inter-component dependency

Yes

51


Conclusion CBSE is changing the way large software systems are developed. CSBE

shifts the emphasis from programming software to composing software systems based on reusable components.

Young discipline CBSE involves developing a system from pre-built

software components It has Advantages and Disadvantages. Promote Large Scale Reuse Reduce Cost

We can expect that components and component-based services will be widely used by non-programmers for building their applications. Tools for building such applications by component assembly will be developed. Automatic component update over the Internet, already present today in many applications, will be a standard means of application improvement.



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