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What is the thinking skills?Thinking skills are the mental processes that we apply when we seek to make sense of experience. Thinking skills enable us to integrate each new experience into the schema that we are constructing of "how things are".

www.brainboxx.co.uk/a3_aspects/pages/ThinkingSkills.htm

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Critical thinkingBarahal (2008), who defines critical thinking as "artful thinking.CT is “skillful, responsible thinking that facilitates good judgment because it 1) relies upon criteria, 2) is self-correcting, and 3) is sensitive to context” (Lipman, 1988, p. 39);

Critical Thinking is a process when we scrutinize the situation, identify the thing and situation and then react to the situation towards reaching a goal. It helps us to deepen our observation to the micro level where we weigh the situation to atom level. Credit goes to the Neo-Marxist Frankfurt School, which originated around 1930 and proposed a new learning approach “Critical Theory”. It is basically a sociological and philosophical approach of thinking.

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Critical Thinking Creative Thinking

CT is “purposeful, self-regulatory judgment which results in interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference, as well as explanation of the evidential, conceptual, methodological, criteriological, or conceptual considerations upon which that judgment is based” (Facione, 1990, p. 3);

Creative thinking involves students learning to generate and apply new ideas in specific contexts, seeing existing situations in a new way, identifying alternative explanations, and seeing or making new links that generate a positive outcome.Ex.- Thinking up ways to increase the number of blood donors, http://www.brainstorming.co.uk/tutorials/creativethinking.html

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Critical thinking is a way to reach at the desired point. It Involves:-

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Questioning/Inquiry based learning Understanding of fact/formula is a good act of learning , however our goal of learning should be to know the ways/means/methods/techniques/reason (“why” and “how”). Everyone knows the formula for the area of a triangle - half into base into height. But why it is so? Millions of people might had seen the falling a fruit from a tree but minute observer Newton noticed and developed a desire to know “ why” and “how”.

Educator instigates spark of learning “ why” and “how” and helps learner to taste himself/herself the “essence of learning”. Let us learn to think “ why” and “how”!

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Questioning/Inquiry based learning What are the possible reasons for this

events/accidents/result etc ? What were the important factors ? Why these factors became so crucial/game changing? What can be other best possible options? How did you come to know these factors? Would you

like to mentions some of them? What do you think? (Open ended questions) Do you think so? Support your answer with

illustration

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Habit formation for minute observation

and evaluation

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Problem solving activities related to personal life,

school life, and professional life

a. Brain game and puzzles

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Intensive discussion and debate based

learning

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Critical thinking

Critical thinking is at the core of most intellectual activity that involves students learning to recognise or develop an argument, use evidence in support of that argument, draw reasoned conclusions, and use information to solve problems. Examples of critical thinking skills are interpreting, analysing, evaluating, explaining, sequencing, reasoning, comparing, questioning, inferring, hypothesising, appraising, testing and generalising.http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/generalcapabilities/critical-and-creative-thinking

World Health Organization, Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, <www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/ottawa_charter_hp.pdf>, WHO, 1986.

National Curriculum Framework( NCF,2005) Bond ( Tim ) , 1986 , Games for Social and Life Skills , Hutchinson Co Ltd, Cottrell, S. (2005) Critical thinking skills. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Paul, R.W. (1995). Critical thinking: How to prepare students for a rapidly changing world.Santa Rosa, CA:

Foundation for Critical Thinking. McPeck JE. Teaching Critical Thinking: Dialogue and Dialect. New York, NY: Routledge; 1990. http://criticalthinkingacademy.net/index.php/benefits-of-critical-thinking https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_thinking www.rajeevranjan.net http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/defining-critical-thinking/766 https://www.assessmentday.co.uk/CriticalThinkingTest-Questions.pdf http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20131124/education/Teaching-life-skills-in-schools.496090 https://www.theguardian.com/teacher-network/teacher-blog/2014/mar/09/teaching-learning-curriculum-life-

skills-teacher-career https://www.slideshare.net/rajeevelt/how-to-develop-thinking-skills https://www.slideshare.net/rajeevelt/how-to-prepare-for-exam-study-tips-techniques-guide-for-students https://www.slideshare.net/rajeevelt/how-to-help-weak-students https://www.slideshare.net/rajeevelt/life-skills-69799343 https://www.slideshare.net/rajeevelt/how-to-handle-weak-students https://www.slideshare.net/rajeevelt/constructivism-a-methodical-learning-approach https://www.slideshare.net/rajeevelt/habits-of-mind-art-de-costa

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Rajeev Ranjan Principal B.Ed(English), PGDTE & Psy. Counselor English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad Email .Id : rajeevbhuvns@gmail.comWebsite: www.rajeevranjan.net

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