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Commas when to use them

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Page 1: Commas   when to use them
Page 2: Commas   when to use them

4 types of commas:

Listing

Joining

Gapping

Bracketing

Page 3: Commas   when to use them

LISTING

A listing comma replaces ‘and’ & ‘or’.

I like fish and chips and peas.

Choose an article from the Guardian

or the Independent or the Times.

Page 4: Commas   when to use them

LISTING

A listing comma replaces ‘and’ & ‘or’.

I like fish and chips and peas.

Choose an article from the Guardian

or the Independent or the Times.

Page 5: Commas   when to use them

LISTINGA listing comma replaces ‘and’ & ‘or’.

I like fish, chips and peas.

Choose an article from the Guardian,

the Independent or the Times.

Page 6: Commas   when to use them

JOININGA joining comma is used to join two complete sentences into a

single sentence, and it must be followed by one of these

Connecting words:

But

Or

While

And

Yet

Page 7: Commas   when to use them

JOINING

I ordered a book . It has not arrived yet.

I ordered a book, but it has not arrived yet.

Page 8: Commas   when to use them

GAPPINGThe gapping comma is one of the easiest.

It is used to show that one or more words have been left out.

Page 9: Commas   when to use them

GAPPING

Jupiter is the largest planet. Pluto is

the smallest planet.

Page 10: Commas   when to use them

GAPPINGJupiter is the largest planet and

Pluto, the smallest.

Page 11: Commas   when to use them

BRACKETINGThe bracketing comma is the most frequently used comma.

They usually come in pairs, and are used to mark off a weak

interruption of the sentence.

If you were to take this interruption out the sentence it

would still make sense.

Page 12: Commas   when to use them

BRACKETING

The book published in 1906 is one of the

greatest masterpieces of all time.

Page 13: Commas   when to use them

BRACKETING

The book, published in 1906, is one of

the greatest masterpieces of all time.

Page 14: Commas   when to use them

BRACKETING

The part of the sentence in brackets can be taken

away:

The book is one of the greatest

masterpieces of all time.

Page 15: Commas   when to use them

NOT SURE?

1. Can the comma be replaced by and or or?

2. Is it followed by one of the connecting words: but, or, while, and, yet?

3. Does it represent the absence of repetition?

4. Does it form one of a pair of commas setting off an interruption which could be removed from the sentence?