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04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
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Spheres of influence and China
Chapter 25 section 4
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
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Topics
I. Structure of Chinese SocietyII. China viewed itself as the center of
Civilization.III. European Trade and ChinaIV. The Opium WarsV. Ch’ing Dynasty struggles
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
3
I. Structure of Chinese Society
A. A Feudal modelB. The Bureaucracy
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
4
A. A Feudal model
• Elite rented land to peasants and collected taxes.
• Peasants worked the land.• Both groups were treated equally before
the law.
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
5
B. The Bureaucracy ran the country.
• Person had to pass a difficult exam to enter.
• Focused on long history of China• Also on Confucianism.
– To perfect the behavior of man.– Had to look at the past.
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
6
II. China as center of Civilization.
A. Massive populationB. Advanced CivilizationC. Controlled local tradeD. Very long historyE. Cultural Chauvinism
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
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A. Massive population
• Growing Population• 150 million to 400 million.• Large work force, no need to
industrialize.
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
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B. Advanced Civilization
• Invented the compass, printing, gunpowder.
• Produced many fine goods by skilled artisans.
• More advanced metallurgy up until the 17th century.
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
9
C. Controlled local trade
• Large fleet controlled local seas.
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
10
D. Very long history
• Longer recorded history than Europe.
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
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E. Cultural Chauvinism
• Longer recorded history than Europe.• China believed they were center of
Civilization.• Led to cultural Chauvinism or Hubris.
– The idea that China was superior to other nations.• This is a big problem.
– China was unwilling to learn from other nations.
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
12
III. European Trade and China
A. Europe wanted access to Chinese markets.
B. China looked down on Europe.
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
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A. Europe wanted access to Chinese markets.
• Europe wanted Chinese items such as silk, porcelain and Rhubarb.
• The problem was that China did not want anything from Europe.
• China only wanted gold and silver.• Creates a Balance of Trade problem.• Europe needs an item to trade to China.
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
14
B. China looked down on Europe.
• The barbarians smelled bad.• They were only allowed to trade in
Canton to licensed Hong Traders.• China wanted to keep Europeans out of
China.
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
15
IV. The Opium Wars (1839-1842)
A. The Opium tradeB. China protestsC. Treaty of Nanking
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
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A. The Opium trade
• Opium was the solution to the trade problem.
• Opium trade increases from 1800 to 1839 by 4000 to 40,000 chests.
• Chinese Emperor asks Queen Victoria to end trade.– She ignored the request.
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
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B. China protests
• China goes to war to stop trade.• Chinese navy has 13th century
technology.• Britain is Industrial.• Chinese government is also no longer
effective.– Plagued with corruption.– People used bribes to pass tests.
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
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C. Treaty of Nanking• Britain wins right to
trade in 4 new cities and Hong Kong becomes a colony.
• British citizens gain extra territorial rights.
• Britain claims a Sphere of Influence.
• Other European nations will follow suit.
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
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V. The Ch’ing Struggles
A. Threats to ChinaB. Tai Ping RebellionC. U.S. and the Open Door PolicyD. China attempts to modernizeE. The Boxer Rebellion
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
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A. Threats to China
• Dominated by Europe.• Government was corrupt• Overpopulation was becoming an issue.• Opium trade and low taxes were
emptying the treasury.
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
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B. Tai Ping Rebellion (1850-1865)
• Led by Hung Hsui Chu’an.• Led by those who failed
examinations.• Supported by 1 million
peasants.• Wanted a society based on
equality.• They take control of South
China.• European nations put down
rebellion.– 20 million Chinese die.
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
22
Tai ping rebellion
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
23
C. U.S. and the Open Door Policy
• U.S. fears being left out of China.– China is a huge Market.
• U.S. declares an Open Door Policy.– Any Nation may trade anywhere in China.
• Prevented china from being divided into colonies.
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
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D. China attempts to modernize
• many argue modernization of China is essential to repel foreigners.
• Many Chinese resist.– Cultural success of China.– Long history.– Must repel foreign influence, not embrace.
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
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E. The Boxer Rebellion• Fists of Righteous harmony• Movement to remove all
foreigners from China.• Attacked Missionaries as
invaders.• Boxers attacked embassies
of Foreigners.– Embassies formed a
defensive compound.– German embassy wiped
out.• Europe, Japan and U.S. put
the rebellion down.
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
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8 Nation alliance
• Germany, Britain, Belgium, Netherlands, France, Russia, Japan and the yes the U.S.
• Rebellion was crushed and China forced to pay reparations.
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
27
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
28
Terms
• Extraterritorial rights• Sphere of influence• Opium war• Hung Hsiu Chuan• Taiping Rebellion• Open Door Policy• Boxer Rebellion
04/07/23
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.
29
Summary…
• How did China view their own civilization? How did they view Europe's?
• How did the Opium war’s affect the relationship between Europe and China?
• What actions did China take to oppose European dominance? Were they successful?
