WELCOME

CREDIT SEMINAR ON

CHILLI THRIPS

Presented By, RAKESH KR. MEENA

SAM HIGGINBOTTOM INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES (Deemed to be University) ALLAHABAD-211007,U.P., INDIA

Scientific name : Scirtothrips dorsalis Order : Thysanoptera Family : Thripidae

Chilli Thrips

1. Introduction2. Economic Important3. Host range4. Area and Distribution5. Yield loss6. ETL7. Scientific Classification8. Marks of Identification9. Life cycle10. Nature of damage11. Vector12. Management

Content

Thrips cause serious economic losses in many agricultural

systems each year including vegetables and ornamentals.

Chilli thrips is a polyphagous pest.

Chilli thrips is a very small 0.5 to 1.2 mm.

Chilli thrips life cycle 4 stages-eggs, larvae, pupa, adult.

pale yellow-colored thrips that can be found feeding on

leaves, flowers and fruits.

Introduction

Both the adults and nymphs feed on leaf tissue

and suck the sap.

Thrips usually feed on the lower surface of leaves.

They are serious pest of chilli and can reduce

yield by 30-50%.

They are responsible for transmitting leaf curl

disease on chilli.

Economic Important

Chilli thrips is a polyphagous species.

It is a significant pest of chilli pepper, tomato,

mango, citrus, castor, bean, cotton, onion, and

other crops in tropical and subtropical regions of

Asia, Africa and Japan.

Minor Host - Okra, Cucumber, Water melon,

Pumpkin, Soybean, Bean, Mung bean, Brinjal.

Host range

Asia : Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia,

Japan, Malasia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Phillippines,

Sri Lanka, and Thailand.

Africa : South Africa.

North America : United States.

Oceania : Australia, Islands.

Area and Distribution

Contd…

FIGURE - Worldwide distribution of chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, as of September 2009.

Yield losses attributable to Scirtothrips dorsalis in

chilli have ranged from 20% to nearly 50%.

Yield loss

3 Nymphs or adult per leaf.

ETL : (Economic threshold level)

The level at which control measure should be

undertaken otherwise it will cause significant

economic loss.

ETL(Economic threshold level)

Kingdom : Animalia

Phylum : Arthropoda

Class : Insecta

Order : Thysanoptera

Family : Thripidae

Genus : Scirtothrips

Species : dorsalis

Scientific Classification

Marks of Identification

Eggs: Typically oval, whitish to

yellowish coloured.

Eggs are about 0.075mm long

and 0.070 mm wide, and are

inserted inside plant tissue.

Larvae : Two larval stages (first and second

instar) 6 to 7 days. The larvae are off-white in

colour.

Contd…

Contd…

1st Instars

First instar : transparent, body short, legs

longer, antennae short and seven segmented,

and cylindrical.

Second instar : Antennae longer, cylindrical,

seven-segmented, mouth longer.

Contd…

2nd Instars

Contd…

Pre-pupae : Yellowish, antennae short, two pair

of external wing.

The pre-pupal period is short(24 hours).

Pre pupa

Pupae : Dark yellow with eyes and ocelli red pigmentation, wing

buds are elongate, antennae short and reflected over head.

female pupae with longer pointed abdomen, males have a

smaller.

The pupal period 2 to 3 days.

Contd…

Pupal stage

Adult : Almost white on emergence, turning

yellowish with incomplete dark stripes on the

dorsal surface where the adjacent abdominal

segments meet.

Contd…

FemaleMale

Chilli Thrips (Mixed stages)

1st Instar

2nd Inster

Adult

The pest is active during the monsoon season. A female lay about 45 to 50 eggs inside the tissues

of the leaves and shoots. eggs hatch in 4-9 days. The larvae start feeding and larval period 4-6 days. Pupate at the depth of soil 25 mm. pupal stage 3-6

days. complete life cycle in 15-40 days. It has many generations in a year.

Life cycle

Contd…

Egg 2-4 days

1st instar 1-2 days

2nd instar 2-4 days

Prepupa 24 hours

Pupa 2-3 days

Adult 1 mm Total life cycle 15-40 days

Complete metamorphosis

Chilli thrips attacks all the above ground parts of its host plants.

Adult and nymphs of suck the cell sap of leaves buds and fruits.

Thrips piercing and sucking mouthparts. Chilli thrips create damaging feeding- deformed pepper fruits. Softening of fruits. discolorations of buds. rolling of the leaf upward. leaf size reduction. chilli leaf curl.

Nature of damage

Deformed pepper fruit

Pepper leaf curl

Scars on pepper

Premature falling of fruits (softening)

Vector

This species transmits Chilli leaf curl virus (CLCV)

Tobacco streak virus (TSV) in groundnut crops.

Watermelon silver mottle virus (WsMoV)

Melon yellow spot virus (MYSV)

Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) in field crops.

1) Cultural Method : Deep ploughing to expose the pupa from soil. Summer soil solarization. Use nylon net in nursery to protect seedling from thrips infestation

and reduce leaf curl incidence.

2) Biological control : Predatory thrips : Scirtothrips indicus, pirate bugs.

3) Chemical control : Melathion 50EC @ 500ml/ha. Imidacloprid 17SL @ 6ml/ha. Spinosad 45 SC @ 0.015

Management

“Field efficacy of certain botanicals and chemical

insecticides against Chilli thrips on Chilli It was

concluded that among all the treatment Spinosad

0.015% also effective in managing chilli thrips

reduction. Recommended dose of chemicals and

botanicals may be useful in devising proper

integrated pest management against chilli thrips”.

Conclusion

Amin, B. W. (1979) Leaf fall disease of chilly and pepper in Maharashtra, India. Pans, 25: 131-134.

Amin, P. W., Reddy, D. V. R., Ghanekar, A. M. (1981). Transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus, the causal agent of bud necrosis of peanut, by Scirtothrips dorsalis and Frankliniella schultzei. Plant Disease 65: 663-665.

Ananthakrishnan TN. (1993). Bionomics of thrips. Annual Review of Entomology 38: 71-92.

Sanap, M. M. and R. N. Nawale. (1987). Chemical control of chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Vegetable Science 14(2): 195-199.

References

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