children with emotional and behavioral disorders

DE GUZMAN, MIA MILAGROS T.I I -17 BSE ENGLISH

Childrenwith Emotional

And Behavioral Disorders

-CLASSIFICATION (IDEA)- CAUSES- TYPES

Children with Emotional And Behavioral Disorders


CLASSIFICATIONFrom IDEA:Four distinct categories:

1. Conduct disorders.Conduct disorders involve such characteristics as overt aggression, both verbal and physical; disruptiveness;negativism; irresponsibility; and defiance of authority -- all of which are at variance with the behavioralexpectations of the school and other social institutions.

2. Anxiety-Withdrawal.Anxiety-withdrawal contrasts sharply with conduct disorders. It involves over anxiety, social withdrawal, seclusiveness, shyness,sensitivity, and other behaviors that imply a retreat from the environment rather than a hostile response to it.

3. Immaturity.Immaturity characteristically involves preoccupation, short attention span, passivity, daydreaming, sluggishness, and otherbehaviors not consistent with developmental expectations.

4. Socialized Aggression.Socialized aggression typically involves gang activities, cooperative stealing, truancy, and other manifestations of participation ina delinquent subculture.

http://www.catherineshafer.com/emotional.html

http://www.catherineshafer.com/emotional.html


CAUSESThe cause for emotional and behavioral

disorders are not always clear, but several researchers have found a few possible causes.

1. Biological factors:2. Psychoanalytical factors3. Behavioral factors4. Phenomenological5. Sociological/Ecologicalhttp://caidjax1.wordpress.com/what-can-cause-an-emotional-and-behavioral-disorder/

http://caidjax1.wordpress.com/what-can-cause-an-emotional-and-behavioral-disorder/



1. Biological factors: Genetics Abnormalities in the

neurological and biochemical development of the child

Injuries to the central nervous system

2. Psychoanalytical factors Traumatic childhood

experiences3. Behavioral factors Lack of adaptive behaviors Exposure to maladaptive

behaviors Exposure to poor

environmental stresses that lead to maladaptive behaviors

4. Phenomenological Improper use of defense

mechanisms Failure to learn about oneself5. Sociological/Ecological Destructive family life Poor living conditions Rejection by peers Expectations of the child that

cause a lot of stress on the child

Labeling of the child Culture





TYPES:ACCORDING TO THE Diagnostic & statistical

Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) - 1. Conduct Disorder2. Emotional Disturbance3. Personality Disorder4. Anxiety Disorder5. ADHD

http://sped.wikidot.com/emotional-and-behavoioral-disorders



A. Conduct Disorder is a “destructive pattern of antisocial behavior that violates the rights of others.” 4 out of every 100 children with age ranging from 9-17 have this disorder. Signs that a child may have this disorder are:

Aggressiveness with peers, teachers, pets, and strangers

No regard for rules Repeated destruction of

others’ property Constant criminal activity


The diagnosis of conduct disorder is based on antisocial behavior, and it says little about the child’s inner life, motives, and disabilities. The disorder is classified by type: aggressive versus nonaggressive, and overt (with violence or tantrums) versus covert (with lying, stealing, and/or drug use).




Early symptoms include stealing, running away from home, habitual lying, cruelty to animals, and fire setting. As the child grows older, the pattern may develop into vandalism, malicious mischief, truancy, drug and alcohol use, and various forms of violence, from school bullying to robbery, assault, and rape.


EmotionalDisturbances:

- SevereDepression

- Bipolar- Eating

Disorder


B. Emotional Disturbances:Emotional disturbances

that manifest themselves in violence and similar extreme behavior occur less frequently than those with a more complex and subtle effect. And some disorders, such as eating disorders and substance abuse, are deliberately—and often successfully—hidden by the child. Some children develop a negative or maladaptive pattern of behavior and interaction that becomes deeply entrenched and seems to be part of their personality.


Severe Depression is a disorder that was once believed to be only experienced by adults, but now studies show that 2 out of every 100 children have been experiencing this disorder also.

Severe depression is marked by:

Severe lost of interest in friends and activities

Very low self-esteem Lack of any type of

motivation Changes in sleeping and

eating patterns Increased amount of sadness Thought of suicide

http://caidjax1.wordpress.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-emotional-and-behavioral-disorders/





Bipolar Disorder is a disorder that affects the child’s mood. Bipolar disorder is recognized by:

Mood swings that range from extremely high to extremely low

High moods will be marked by hyperactivity, little sleep, and careless judgement

Low moods will be marked by depression






Eating Disorders affect the way a child views their body and how they consume food. Girls are more likely to have eating disorders, but boys have been diagnosed with them also. There are different types of eating disorders and they are:

Aneroxia Nervosa- where the child has a fear of weight gain therefore they starve their bodies of food and nutrients that the body needs.

<Bulimia Nervosa- where the child will consume food very quickly then vomit or take laxatives to rid their body of the food in order not to gain any weight.

Binge Eating- where the child will consume an excessive amount of food at one time. They will not vomit,but they will repeatedly put themselves on a strict, unhealthy diet afterwards.






C. Personality DisordersThe DSM defines a personality disorder as “an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment.” The following descriptions of a few categories of personality disorder illustrate these maladaptive patterns:

Schizotypal personality disorder: “a pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior.”

Borderline personality disorder: “a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity.”

Dependent personality disorder: “a pattern of submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of.”




Schizophrenia is a disorder that affects the child’s mental ability to differentiate between what is real or unreal. This disorder develops slowly through a child’s life till their adult years. 5 out of every 1,000 children develop this disorder. The symptoms are:

Inability to separate real experiences from unreal experiences

Hallucinations Inability to think logically in

situations Irregular emotional responses to

situations No emotion Hyperactive emotions Paranoia


http://health.discovery.com/tv-shows/specials/about-the-shows/born-schizophrenic-q-and-a1.htm







D. Anxiety DisordersAnxiety disorders are a prevalent form of emotional difficulty, sharing with depression the dubious honor of most pervasive emotional disorder. Children with anxiety may be fearful, nervous, shy, and preoccupied, and they often strive to avoid the source of the anxiety—if there is a specific source.

Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Separation anxiety disorder specifically affects children and adolescents and can make separation from home and loved ones extremely distressing.




Anxiety Disorders: The most common childhood disorder with 13 out of every 100 children, whose age range is from 9-17 years old , having at least one of the different types of anxiety disorders. Some common symptoms are:

excessive fear excessive worrying about

incidents that they have never experienced

unnecessary repeated behaviors and thought patterns

sudden rapid heartbeats and dizziness

repeated flashbacks of traumatizing events that have occurred in the child’s life such as a car accident, sexual assault, or any other type of violence


Anxiety Disorders:

A phobia (from the Greek: φόβος, Phóbos, meaning "fear" or "morbid fear") is, when used in the context of clinical psychology, a type of anxiety disorder, usually defined as a persistent fear of an object or situation in which the sufferer commits to great lengths in avoiding, typically disproportional to the actual danger posed, often being recognized as irrational. In the event the phobia cannot be avoided entirely, the sufferer will endure the situation or object with marked distress and significant interference in social or occupational activities.[

Bourne, Edmund J. (2011). The Anxiety & Phobia Workbook 5th ed. New Harbinger Publications. pp. 50–51.

10 Common Phobias1. Arachnophobia: spiders2. Ophidiophobia: snakes3. Acrophobia: heights4. Acrophobia: difficult situations5. Cynophobia: dogs6. Astraphobia: thunder &

lightning7. Trypanophobia: injections8. Social Phobias: social

situations9. Pteromerhanophobia: flying10.Mysophobia: germs or dirt


Anxiety Disorders:Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurring severe panic attacks. It may also include significant behavioral changes lasting at least a month and of ongoing worry about the implications or concern about having other attacks. The latter are called anticipatory attacks (DSM-IVR). Panic disorder is not the same as agoraphobia (fear of public places), although many afflicted with panic disorder also suffer from agoraphobia. Panic attacks cannot be predicted, therefore an individual may become stressed, anxious or worried wondering when the next panic attack will occur.

Phil Barker (7 October 2003). Psychiatric and mental health nursing: the craft of caring. Arnold. pp. 215

http://books.google.com/books?id=6qdoQgAACAAJ&pg=PA215


Anxiety Disorders:Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear, or worry; by repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing the associated anxiety; or by a combination of such obsessions and compulsions. Symptoms of the disorder include excessive washing or cleaning; repeated checking; extreme hoarding; preoccupation with sexual, violent or religious thoughts;relationship-related obsessions; aversion to particular numbers; and nervous rituals, such as opening and closing a door a certain number of times before entering or leaving a room.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety_disorder

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusive_thoughts

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compulsive_behavior

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compulsive_hoarding

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_obsessions

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rituals


Anxiety Disorders:Posttraumatic stress disorder

(PTSD) is a severe condition that may develop after a person is exposed to one or more traumatic events, such as sexual assault, serious injury or the threat of death. The diagnosis may be given when a group of symptoms such as disturbing recurring flashbacks, avoidance or numbing of memories of the event, and hyperarousal (high levels of anxiety) continue for more than a month after the traumatic event.


Anxiety Disorders:

Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is a psychological condition in which an individual experiences excessive anxiety regarding separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (e.g. a parent, grandparents, or siblings).According to the American Psychology Association, separation anxiety disorder is the inappropriate and excessive display of fear and distress when faced with situations of separation from the home or from a specific attachment figure. The anxiety that is expressed is categorized as being atypical of the expected developmental level and age. The severity of the symptoms ranges from anticipatory uneasiness to full-blown anxiety about separation.


E. ADHDDoubtless, the most prevalent behavioral disorder in schools today is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), sometimes referred to as attention deficit disorder (ADD). According to the U.S. Department of Education (2000), approximately 3 to 5 percent of the school-aged population have ADHD.

The essential feature of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is more frequent and severe than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development.

ADHD can include nine specific symptoms of inattention and nine symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity. Individuals with ADHD may know what to do, but do not consistently do what they know because of their inability to efficiently stop and think prior to responding, regardless of the setting or task.

The DSM describes four subtypes of ADHD: inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, combined (showing both inattention and hyperactivity), and “not otherwise specified.”



Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is a disorder that affects the way a child is able to focus. Usually identified when child is displaying the following symptoms at home or school. Apparent symptoms are:

Inability to focus Inability to follow directions Inability to sit still Inability to remain quiet Inability to cooperate with

others



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