Chemical Structure: Chemical Nomenclature. Inorganic Compounds

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Inorganic Compounds- nomenclature

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INORGANIC COMPOUNDSINORGANIC COMPOUNDS

• Compounds composed of elements Compounds composed of elements

other than carbon.other than carbon.

• Associated with the nonliving portion Associated with the nonliving portion

of the worldof the world



NOMENCLATURE OF NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDSINORGANIC COMPOUNDS

• Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds•Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds•AcidsAcids



NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDSNAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS

1.1. CATIONS ( POSITIVE IONS)CATIONS ( POSITIVE IONS)

A. Cations formed from metal atoms A. Cations formed from metal atoms have the same name as the metal.have the same name as the metal.

NaNa++ sodium ionsodium ion ZnZn2+2+ zinc ion zinc ion

AlAl3+3+ aluminum ionaluminum ion



B. If a metal can form cations of B. If a metal can form cations of different charges, the positive charge different charges, the positive charge is given by a Roman numeral in is given by a Roman numeral in parenthesis following the name of the parenthesis following the name of the metal.metal.

FeFe2+2+ iron (II) ioniron (II) ion CuCu++ copper (I) ion copper (I) ion

FeFe3+3+ iron (III) ioniron (III) ion CuCu2+2+ copper (II) ion copper (II) ion



• Ions with different charges exhibit Ions with different charges exhibit different properties, such as color.different properties, such as color.

• Most of the metals that have variable Most of the metals that have variable charges are transition metals. charges are transition metals.



• Apply Apply –ous–ous or or –ic–ic• The endings represent the lower and The endings represent the lower and

higher charged ions, respectively.higher charged ions, respectively.

FeFe2+2+ ferrous ionferrous ion CuCu++ cuprous ion cuprous ion

FeFe3+3+ ferric ionferric ion CuCu2+2+ cupric ion cupric ion



IONIC CHARGES OF IONIC CHARGES OF REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTSREPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS

1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 0

Li+ Be2+ N3- O2- F-

Na+ Mg2+ Al+3 P3- S2- Cl-

K+ Ca2+ As3- Se2- Br-

Rb+ Sr2+ I-

Cs+ Ba2+



FORMULAS AND NAMES OF COMMON METAL IONS WITH MORE THAN ONE IONIC CHARGE

FORMULA STOCK NAME CLASSICAL NAME

Cu+ Copper (I) ion Cuprous ion

Cu2+ Copper (II) ion Cupric ion

Fe2+ Iron (II) ion Ferrous ion

Fe3+ Iron (III) ion Ferric ion

Hg2+ Mercury (I) ion Mercurous ion

Hg2+ Mercury (II) ion Mercuric ion

Pb2+ Lead (II) ion Plumbous ion

Pb4+ Lead (IV) ion Plumbic ion

Sn2+ Tin (II) ion Stannous ion

Sn4+ Tin (IV) ion Stannic ion

Cr2+ Chromium (II) ion Chromous ion

Cr3+ Chromium (III) ion Chromic ion

Mn2+ Manganese (II) ion Manganous ion

Mn3+ Manganese (III) ion Manganic ion

Co2+

Co3+

Cobalt (II) ionCobalt (III) ion

Cobaltous ionCobaltic ion



C. Cations formed from nonmetals C. Cations formed from nonmetals have names that end in have names that end in –ium–ium

NHNH44++ ammonium ionammonium ion

HH33OO++ hydronium ionhydronium ion



EXERCISES:EXERCISES:

• Name each of the following:Name each of the following:1.1. SnSn2+2+

2.2. SnSn4+4+

3.3. KK++

4.4. BaBa2+2+

5.5. CoCo2+2+

6.6. CoCo3+3+



1.1. SnSn2+ 2+ Tin (II) ionTin (II) ion

2.2. SnSn4+4+ Tin (IV) ionTin (IV) ion

3.3. KK++ Potassium ionPotassium ion

4.4. BaBa2+2+ Barium ionBarium ion

5.5. CoCo2+2+ Cobalt (II) ionCobalt (II) ion

6.6. CoCo3+3+ Cobalt (III) ionCobalt (III) ion



2. ANIONS (NEGATIVE IONS)2. ANIONS (NEGATIVE IONS)

A. Monoatomic (one-atom) anions have A. Monoatomic (one-atom) anions have names formed by replacing the ending names formed by replacing the ending of the name of the element with of the name of the element with –ide–ide

HH-- O O2-2- NN3- 3- OHOH--

Hydride ionHydride ion Oxide ionOxide ion Nitride ion Hydroxide ionNitride ion Hydroxide ion



B. Polyatomic (many-atoms) anions containing oxygen have names ending in –ate or –ite

• These are called oxyanions

• -ate is used for the most common oxyanion of an element

• -ite is used for an oxyanion that has the same charge but one less O atoms

NO3- nitrate ion SO4

2- sulfate ion

NO2- nitrite ion SO3

2- sulfite ion



• Prefixes are used when the series Prefixes are used when the series of oxyanions of an element of oxyanions of an element extends to four members, as with extends to four members, as with halogenshalogens

• The prefix per- indicates one or The prefix per- indicates one or more O atom than the oxyanion more O atom than the oxyanion ending in –ateending in –ate

• The prefix hypo- indicates one The prefix hypo- indicates one less O atom than the oxyanion less O atom than the oxyanion ending in –iteending in –ite



ClOClO44-- perchlorate ion (one more O perchlorate ion (one more O

atom than chlorate)atom than chlorate)

ClOClO33-- chlorate ionchlorate ion

ClOClO22- - chlorite ion (one less O chlorite ion (one less O

atom than chlorate)atom than chlorate)

ClOClO- - hypochlorite ion (one less O hypochlorite ion (one less O atom than chlorite)atom than chlorite)



C. Anions derived by adding H+ to an C. Anions derived by adding H+ to an oxyanion are named by adding as a oxyanion are named by adding as a prefix the word hydrogen or dihydrogenprefix the word hydrogen or dihydrogen

COCO332-2- carbonate ioncarbonate ion

HCOHCO33-- hydrogen carbonate ionhydrogen carbonate ion

POPO443-3- phosphate ionphosphate ion

HH22POPO44--dihydrogen phosphate iondihydrogen phosphate ion



COMMON POLYATOMIC IONSCOMMON POLYATOMIC IONS

3- charge

PO33- Phosphite

PO43- Phosphate

1+ charge

NH4+ Ammonium

1- charge

H2PO4-

Dihydrogen phosphate

C2H3O2- Acetate

HSO3- Hydrogen sulfite

HSO4- Hydrogen sulfate

HCO3-

Hydrogen carbonate

NO2- Nitrite

NO3- Nitrate

CN- Cyanide

OH- Hydroxide

MnO4- Permanganate

ClO- Hypochlorite

ClO2- Chlorite

ClO3- Chlorate

ClO4- Perchlorate

2- charge

HPO42

-

Hydrogen phosphate

C2O42- Oxalate

SO32- Sulfite

SO42- Sulfate

CO32- Carbonate

CrO42- Chromate

Cr2O72

- Dichromate

SiO32- Silicate



3. IONIC COMPOUNDS3. IONIC COMPOUNDS

Names of ionic compounds consist of Names of ionic compounds consist of the cation name followed by the anion the cation name followed by the anion namename

CaClCaCl22 calcium chloridecalcium chloride

Al(NOAl(NO33))33 aluminum nitratealuminum nitrate

Cu(ClOCu(ClO44))22 copper (II)perchlorate copper (II)perchlorate

cupric perchloratecupric perchlorate




• What is the charge of the ion typically What is the charge of the ion typically formed by each element? formed by each element? 1.1. SulfurSulfur

2.2. Lead, 4 electrons lostLead, 4 electrons lost

3.3. StrontiumStrontium

4.4. ArgonArgon

5.5. BromineBromine

6.6. Copper, 1 electron lostCopper, 1 electron lost


1.1. SulfurSulfur 2-2-

2.2. Lead, 4 electrons lostLead, 4 electrons lost 4+4+

3.3. StrontiumStrontium 2+2+

4.4. ArgonArgon no ion formedno ion formed

5.5. BromineBromine 1-1-

6.6. Copper, 1 electron lostCopper, 1 electron lost 1+1+



• Name the following compounds:Name the following compounds:

1.1.CuSCuS

2.2.KK33NN

3.3.SnClSnCl224.4.KK22SS

5.5.CaICaI22

6.6.NaINaI



1.1. CuSCuS Copper (II) sulfideCopper (II) sulfide

2.2. KK33NN Potassium NitridePotassium Nitride

3.3. SnClSnCl22 Tin (II) chlorideTin (II) chloride

4.4. KK22SS Potassium sulfidePotassium sulfide

5.5. CaICaI22 Calcium IodideCalcium Iodide

6.6. NaINaI Sodium IodideSodium Iodide



• Name the following:Name the following:

1.1. MgClMgCl222.2. SnClSnCl443.3. HgBrHgBr22

4.4. PbSPbS22

5.5. FeOFeO• Write the formula for each of the following:Write the formula for each of the following:

1.1. Magnesium bromideMagnesium bromide

2.2. Aluminum oxideAluminum oxide

3.3. Ferrous bromideFerrous bromide

4.4. Lead (II) sulfideLead (II) sulfide

5.5. Stannic oxideStannic oxide



HOMEWORK:HOMEWORK:

• Name the following:Name the following:1.1. CoICoI22

2.2. CsCs22OO

3.3. ZnSZnS

4.4. KCIKCI

5.5. BaOBaO

6.6. CuBrCuBr22



1.1. CoICoI22 Cobalt Iodide Cobalt Iodide

2.2. CsCs22OO Cesium Oxide Cesium Oxide

3.3. ZnSZnS Zinc sulfide Zinc sulfide

4.4. KCIKCI Potassium chloride Potassium chloride

5.5. BaOBaO Barium Oxide Barium Oxide

6.6. CuBrCuBr22 Copper bromide Copper bromide



NAMES OF FORMULAS OF ACIDSNAMES OF FORMULAS OF ACIDS

• An acid is a substance whose An acid is a substance whose

molecules yield hydrogen ions molecules yield hydrogen ions

(H(H++) when dissolved in water. ) when dissolved in water.



1. Acid based on anions whose names end in –ide.

Anions whose names end in –ide have he asociated

acids that have the hydro- prefix and an –ic ending

ANIONANION CORRESPONDING ACIDS CORRESPONDING ACIDS

ClCl-- (chloride) (chloride) HCl (hydrochloric acid)HCl (hydrochloric acid)

SS2-2- (sulfide) (sulfide) HH22S (hydrosulfuric acid)S (hydrosulfuric acid)



2. Anions whose names end in 2. Anions whose names end in –ate–ate have have

associated acids with an associated acids with an –ic–ic ending, ending,

whereas anions whose names end in whereas anions whose names end in ––

iteite have acids with an have acids with an -ous-ous ending. ending.

Prefixes in the name of the anion are Prefixes in the name of the anion are

retained in the name of the acid.retained in the name of the acid.



ANIONANION CORRESPONDING ACIDCORRESPONDING ACID

ClOClO44-- perchlorate perchlorate HHClOClO44 – perchloric acid – perchloric acid

ClOClO33- - chlorate chlorate HClOHClO3 3 – chloric acid– chloric acid

ClOClO22- - chlorite chlorite HHClOClO22 – chlorous acid – chlorous acid

ClOClO- - hypochlorite hypochlorite HHClOClO – hypochloric acid – hypochloric acid




Give the name or formula for the Give the name or formula for the following:following:

1.1.HH22SOSO44

2.2.HH22COCO33

3.3.Nitric acidNitric acid

4.4.Phosphoric acidPhosphoric acid



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