By: Miranda Emery

Nonverbal communication- All human communication beyond spoken/written words

Nonverbal communication behaviors- Signals that typically accompany our verbal message; (eyes/face, gestures, appearance)

Emoticons- Symbolic pictures made with keyboard characters to represent emotional tone

Inevitable Primary conveyor of our emotions Multichanneled Ambiguous◦ Varies based upon culture, sex, gender, context, or situation

Use of body◦ Kinesics- What and how body motions communicate Gestures- Movement of hands, arms, and fingers Illustrators- Augment the verbal message (“About this high”)

Emblems- Stand alone and substitute words/thoughts (Agreed upon within culture)

Adaptors- Gestures that occur unconsciously as a response to a physical need (scratch, adjust glasses)

◦ Oculesics- Eye contact◦ Facial Expression- Arrangement of facial muscles to communicate emotion or reaction

◦ Posture- How we position (body orientation) and move our body (body movement) Shows attentiveness, respect, and level of dominance

Body orientation- Posture in relation to other people Direct body orientation- Facing Indirect- Angled

Body movement- Can be motivated (helps clarify meaning) or unmotivated (distracting from point)

◦ Haptics- What and how touch communicates

Use of voice◦ Vacalics- Interpretation of a vocal message based on the paralinguistic features

◦ Paralanguage- Voiced but not verbal part of a spoken message Pitch- Highness or lowness of vocal tone Volume- Loudness or softness of vocal tone Rate- Speed at which a person speaks Quality (Timbre)- Sound of the voice that distinguishes it from others

Intonation- Variety, melody, or inflection in one’s voice

Vocalized pauses- Extraneous sounds or words that interrupt fluent speech (like, uh, um, you know, well)

Use of space◦ Proxemics- How space and distance communicate Personal space- Distance we try to maintain when we talk to another Intimate distance- Up to 18 inches (private conversations)

Personal distance- 18 inches to 4 feet (casual conversation)

Social distance- 4 to 12 feet (impersonal business, interview)

Public distance- More than 12 feet

Physical space- Part of the physical environment over which we exert control

Artifacts- Objects and possessions we use to decorate the physical space we control

Use of time◦ Chronemics- How we interpret time (cultural context) Monochronic time orientation- Efforts into one task, when done or time allotted to focus on that task is over, we move on

Polychronic time orientation- Multitask

Self Presentation Cues◦ Physical Appearance- People make judgments based on looks Endomorphs- Round and heavy. (Stereotype: Kind, gentle and jovial)

Mesomorphs- Muscular and strong. (Stereotype: Energetic, outgoing, and confident)

Ectomorphs- Lean and have little muscle. (Stereotype: Brainy, anxious, and cautious)

◦ Clothing and grooming

Sending nonverbal messages◦ Be conscious of nonverbal behaviors you are displaying

◦ Be purposeful in your use of nonverbal communication

◦ Make sure that your nonverbal cues do not distract from your message

◦ Make your nonverbal communication match your verbal message

◦ Adapt your nonverbal behavior to the situation

Interpreting nonverbal messages◦ Do not automatically assume that a particular behavior means the same to everyone

◦ Consider nonverbal behaviors as they relate to the context of your message

◦ Pay attention to the multiple nonverbal cues being sent and their relationship to the verbal message

◦ Use perception checking