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Chapter 3:Chapter 3:Building Vocabulary: Building Vocabulary: Using Context CluesUsing Context Clues
Chapter 3:Chapter 3:Building Vocabulary: Building Vocabulary: Using Context CluesUsing Context Clues
Essential Reading SkillsEssential Reading Skills
Third EditionThird Edition
Kathleen McWhorterKathleen McWhorter
What is Context?
Example: Tony noticed that the wallabies at the zoo looked like kangaroos.
Example: Many people have phobias, such as fear of heights, a fear of water, or a fear of confined spaces.
Types of Context Clues
1. Definition Clues2. Synonym Clues3. Example Clues4. Contrast Clues5. Inference Clues
Definition Clues • Writers define a word right after
they use it. • They use words and phrases such
as: means is refers to are called
Example of Definition Clues
Corona refers to the outermost part of the sun’s atmosphere.
Corona refers to the outermost part of the sun’s atmosphere.
Synonym Clues
•Writers provide a synonym or brief phrase to define the word or that is similar to the new word.
•The synonym can appear in the same sentence, in an earlier sentence, or later sentence.
Example #2 of Synonym Clues
Betsy took a break from teaching to serve in the Peace Core. Despite the hiatus, Betsy’s school was delighted to rehire her when she returned.
Betsy took a break from teaching to serve in the Peace Core. Despite the hiatus, Betsy’s school was delighted to rehire her when she returned.
Example Clues
•Writers often include examples to help explain a word.
•Examples can be introduced with words such as: like, such as, for example, or including.
Example of Example Clues
In the past month, we have had almost every type of precipitation, including rain, snow, sleet, and hail.
In the past month, we have had almost every type of precipitation, including rain, snow, sleet, and hail.
Contrast Clues
•You can determine the meaning of an unknown word from an antonym — a word or phrase that has the opposite meaning.
•Examples can be introduced with words such as but, though, and whereas.
Example of Contrast CluesAlthough Liz felt sad and depressed,
most of the graduates were elated.
Although Liz felt sad and depressed, most of the graduates were elated.
Inference Clues•Inference is used to figure
out the meaning of an unknown word by using logic and reasoning skills.
Example of Inference Clues
On hot, humid summer afternoons, I often feel languid.
On hot, humid summer afternoons, I often feel languid.
Try this one!
The quarterback sustained numerous injuries: a fractured wrist, two broken ribs, and a hip injury.
• Definition Clue?• Synonym Clue?• Example Clue?• Contrast Clue?• Inference Clue?
Try this one!
The quarterback sustained numerous injuries: a fractured wrist, two broken ribs, and a hip injury.
We can tell that the football player had many injuries since the author lists them. Another way to say this is “experienced” numerous injuries.
So, remember…the first thing you should do when you don’t know a word is
to look at the words around it for clues to unlock the meaning!!