BONIFACIO AND THE KATIPUNAN

(1892-1896)

The failure of the reform movements led even

a reformist like Marcelo H. Del Pilar to think of Revolution. “Insurrection”, wrote in La Solidaridad, “is the last remedy,especially when the people have acquired the belief that peaceful means to secure the remedies for evils prove futile.”

Andres Bonifacio saw the futility of continuing the peaceful campaign for reforms. Thus, he established and organized the Katipunan- the revolutionary society whose aims were opposed to the aims of the reformist societies, and was responsible for the Philippine Revolution of 1986.

July 7, 1892

News were published about the arrest of Rizal who was sentence to banish to Dapitan

A secret council of patriotic Filipinos was convened in No. 72 Azcarraga Street, Manila (now Claro M. Recto Avenue)

These men were Andres Bonifacio, Deodato Arellano, Valentin Diaz, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, Jose Dizon, and a few others, which are all members of La Liga Filipina.

THE FOUNDING OF THE KATIPUNAN

Organized a society called Kataastaasang

Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan

Performed the blood compact ritual to show their patriotism and love of things that were Filipino

Agreed that they would recruit Filipinos through methods called

TRIANGLE SYSTEM first method of recruiting members Example: Jose would recruit Pedro & Juan. The new

members knew Jose but they did not know each other used to minimize the danger of discovery by the

Spanish authorities

NEW SYSTEM (similar to MASONRY)

was used to speed up the process of enlisting members

All members agreed to pay a membership & monthly dues

Threefold primary objectives of the

Katipunan: Civic- based on the principle of self-help and

the defense of the weak and the poor Political- separation of the Philippines from

Spain, that is, to secure the independence of the colony

Moral- focused on the teaching of good manners, hygiene, and good moral character

THE AIMS AND STRUCTURE OF THE KATIPUNAN

Three governing bodies:

Kataastaasang Sanggunian or Supreme Council highest governing body equivalent of the Central Government

Sangguniang Bayan or Provincial Council equivalent of the Provincial Government

Sangguniang Balangay or Popular Council equivalent to the Municipal Government

The Katipunan Government

Judicial Council (Sangguniang Hukuman)

passed judgment on members who violated the rules of the Society

Katipunan Assembly composed of the members of the Supreme Council and

the presidents of the Provincial and Popular Councils Secret Chamber

composed of Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, and Pio Valenzuela

sentenced members who exposed the secrets of the Katipunan

The elected officers of the First Supreme Council:

President or Supremo: Deodato Arellano Comptroller: Andres Bonifacio Fiscal: Ladislao Diwa Secretary: Teodoro Plata Treasurer: Valentin Diaz

The Katipunan Elections

Being a very busy man, Arellano was not very

active in the society. In 1983, Bonifacio moved to replace Arellano

through an election.The elected officers of the Second Supreme Council:

Supremo: Roman Basa Fiscal: Andres Bonifacio Secretary: Jose Turiano Santiago Treasurer: Vicente Molina Councilors:

Briccio Brigido Pantas Restituto Javier Teodoro Plata Teodoro Gonzales Ladislao Diwa

Early in 1985, Bonifacio, not contented with

the performance of Basa as supremo, had himself elected to replace Basa.

He remained the Supremo of the Katipunan until the establishment of a revolutionary government in Tejeros, Cavite.

Three Kinds of Katipuneros

Katipon – first grade password: “Anak ng Bayan”

Kawal – second grade password: “Gom-Bur-Za”

Bayani – third grade password: “Rizal”

Membership

The Katipunan Codes

Andres Bonifacio requested Benita Rodriguez to

make a flag for the Katipunan With the help of Bonifacio’s wife, Gregoria de Jesus,

a flag was made. First official flag

rectangular piece of red cloth with three white letter K’s arranged horizontally in the middle

New official flag (August 1896) rectangular piece of cloth with a white sun and eight

white rays in the middle inside the circle representing the sun was letter K in the

ancient Tagalog transcript

The Katipunan Flags

- constituted by the two

writings of two great katipuneros

THE TEACHINGS OF THE KATIPUNAN

• Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan

(Duties of the Sons of the People)

-guide for Katipuneros in a highly moral life-a decalogue or ten cmmandments-prepared by Andres Bonifacio

1. Love God with all your heart2. Bear always in mind that the love of God is also love of Country , and this too, is love of one’s fellowmen.3. Engrave in your heart that the true measure of honor and happiness is to die for the freedom of your country.4. All your good wishes will be crowned with success if you have serenity, constancy, reason, and faith in your acts and endeavor.

5. Guard the mandates and aims of the K.K.K. as you guard your honor.6. It is the duty of all to defend, at the risk of their own lives and wealth, anyone who runs great risks in the performance of his duty.7. Our responsibility to ourselves and the performance of our duties will be the example set for our fellowmen to follow.8. Insofar as it is within your power, share your means with the poor and unfortunate.

9. Diligence in the work that gives sustenance to you is the true basis of love- love for your own self, for your wife and children, and for your brothers and countrymen.10. Punish any scoundrel and traitor and praise all good work. Believe, likewise, that the aims of the K.K.K. are God-given, for the will of the people is also the will of God.

- basic teaching ; consist of 13 teachings written by Emilio Jacinto this “teachings” should be taken to heart of the

members of society

• Kartilla

1. Life which is not consecrated to a lofty and

sacred cause is like a tree without a shadow, if not a poisonous weed.

2. A good deed that springs from a desire for personal profit and not from a desire to do good is not kindness.

3. True greatness consists in being charitable, in loving one’s fellowmen and in adjusting every movement, deed and word to true Reason.

4. All men are equal, be the color of their skin black or white. One may be superior to another in knowledge, wealth, and beauty, but cannot be superior in being.

5. He who is noble noble prefers honor to personal gains; he who is mean prefers personal profit to honor.6. To a man with a sense of shame , his word is inviolate.7. Don’t fritter away time; lost riches may be recovered, but time lost will never come again.8. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor.9. An intelligent man is he who is cautious in speech and knows how to keep the secrets that must be guarded.

10. In the thorny path of life, man is the guide of his wife and children; if he who guides moves toward evil, they who are guided likewise move toward evil.

11. Think not of woman as a thing merely to while away time with, but as a helper and partner in the hardships of life. Respect her in her weakness, and remember the mother who brought you into this world and who cared for you in your childhood.

12. What you do not want done to your wife, daughter and sister, do not do to the wife, daughter and sister of another.

13. The nobility of a man does not consist in being a king, nor in the highness of the nose and the whiteness of the skin, nor in being a priest representing God, nor in the exalted position on this earth, but pure and truly noble is he who, though born in the woods, is possessed of an upright character; who is true to his words; who has dignity and honor; who does not oppress and does not help those who oppress; who knows how to look after and loves the land of his birth.

Bonifacio wanted to involve the women in the katipunan without putting it in danger of discovery. So he suggested that women be taken in as members of katpunan.

THE WOMEN OF KATIPUNAN

The women who are eligible

for membership

WifeSisterDaughter of a katipunero Few selected women

To help the male members in their work of

propagating the ideas and ideal of the society. To make the police authorities believe that n

Katipunan meeting was held in the house.

Katipunera’s Duty:

President: Josefa Rizal Vice president: Gregoria de Jesus Secretary: Marina Dizon Fiscal: Angelica Lopez Rizal

Prominent women members:

Bonifacio and Jacnto believed

that they could easily propagate their revolutionary ideas by

having printing press. However, the organization had no money to purchase a printing machine.

THE KALAYAAN

Patriots from Kalibo, Capiz Won one thousand pesos in a

lottery Donated money to purchase a

printing press.

Candido Iban and Francisco Del Castillo

Ulpiano Fernandez and

Faustino Duque – katipuneros, managed the press.

Dr. Pio Valenzuela suggested the name of newspaper, ‘’Kalayaan’’.

In the middle of March 1896, the newspaper written in tagalog came out. To mislead the authorities, they put Yokahoma as the place of publication and Marcelo H. Del Pilar as the editor.

Emilio Jacinto – ‘’Pingkian and

Dimas-ilaw’’Andres Bonifacio – ‘’Agapito

Bagumbayan’’Valenzuela – ‘’ Madlang –

away’’

Pen Names of the authors:

The fiery pen,

revolutionary spirit, political will f the tandem Bonifacio – Jacinto in the

newspper proved effective in unifying the

people towards kalayaan.

Bonifacio and Jacinto both believed that the

time had come to change strategy and tactics.

Katipunan, was a totally different society from the liga which worked for radical reforms using evolutionary or peaceful means.

TWIN SOULS OF THE KATIPUNANAndres Bonifacio and Emilio Jacinto

The founder of the ‘’Katipunan’’ Born on November 30, 1863 He belonged to a lower middle class family His parents died while he was in his teens He had to support the family which consisted

of 6, including himself Worked as a messenger and an agent of the

German Trading Firm Taught himself to read and write spanish and

became literate to it He was anti-friar and anti-spanish. He hated

all spaniards, whether they were friars, civil employees, or officials

ANDRES BONIFACIO

His poems in tagalog, especially ‘’Tapunan ng Lingap’’ and ‘’Ang mga Cazadores’’ attacked spaniards furiously.

He called the spaniards ‘’ white cattle’’ Another poem entitled ‘’ Huling Hibik ng

Pilipinas’’ called for independence from colonial rule.

He ruled the REVOLUTION OF 1896 and regarded as the leading thinker of the said revolution

Born in Tondo on December 15, 1875 He also lived a hard life when he was younger Studied at San Juan de Letran and University of

Santo Tomas where he studied law When he was 18, he heard about the Katipunan

and immediately joined it leaving his studies They succeeded in uniting the people Wrote such pieces as the KARTILLA, LIWANAG AT

DILIM, PAHAYAG, SA MGA KABABAYAN He died at the young age of 24

EMILIO JACINTO