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PRESENTATION ON THE

SEMINAR TOPIC

BIOCHIPSAISWARYA.A

ASAOMCA001

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INTRODUCTION

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BIOCHIP=BIO+CHIP•BIO stands for any biological entity

like protein,DNA etc•CHIP stands for computer chipIt is a mate between biological

entity and computer chip

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It is a new type of computer logic bio security device implanting in our body that can identify us uniquely and can used to track our location

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It is the outcome of the fields of

computer science, electronics and

biology

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DEFINITION

A biochip is a collection of miniaturized test sites (microarrays) arranged on a

solid substrate that permits many test to be performed at the same time.

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A biochip like a computer chip can perform millions of mathematical operations and thousands of biological reactions in

few seconds.

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Chips are of the size of uncooked grain of rice small enough to injected

under the skin using a syringe needle.

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BIOCHIP AND SYRINGE

Biochip is inserted in to the body with a hypodermic syringe

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Where it is inserted?

In pets it is injected behind the neck

In humans it is inserted in hands or in the forehead

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•

THE BIOCHIP TECHNOLOGY

The biochip uses radio frequency identification (RFID)system that uses low frequency radio signals to communicate between a biochip and reader.

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COMPONENTS OF BIOCHIP

A biochip implant system consists of two components

1.The Transponder

2.The reader

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TRANSPONDER

The transponder consists of 4 parts:

1.computer microchip2.Antenna coil3.Tuning capacitor4.Glass capsule

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STRUCTURE

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COMPUTER MICROCHIP

Stores a unique identification number(UID)

The UID is Encoded via laser

Contains electronic circuitary to transmits ID number to the reader

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ANTENNA COIL

It is a coil of copper wire around a iron core

This tiny radio antenna receives and send signals from the reader

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TUNING CAPACITOR

Stores the electrical charge send by the reader to activate the transponder

The capacitor is tuned to the same frequency of the radio wave send from the reader

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GLASS CAPSULE

Made up of soda lime glass. After assembly the capsule is air tightly scaled so no bodly fluids can enter in to the circuit inside.

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THE READER

Consists of an exciter coil which creates an electromagnetic field to excite the implanted biochip.

The reader carries a receiving coil that receives the transmitted code or ID number from the biochip.

Reader decode the received code and display the result in the LCD display.

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WORKING OF BIOCHIPReader generate a low power

electromagnetic field to activate the implanted biochip

The biochip sends a unique id to the readerThe reader convert the ID in to digital

format, decodes and displays the ID number on the LCD display

This number is then compared with a Database listing of already registered details

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SELDI PROTEIN BIOCHIPS

Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization

Analyse the protein map that reveals early disease

recognition,progession etc.

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Medicinal Implementations

of Biochip

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Biochip perform early detection of diseases

The biochip surface contain hundreds of small dots or drops of arrays

Each of these dots contains proteins, antibody or nucleic acid that can attach to a particular DNA

The nucleic acid cause the dots to light up when scanned

The computer algorithm decode the dot pattern produced

These detect the differences in the antibodies of the affected person and detect diseases like cancer, respiratory syndromes etc

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Biochip as a glucose detector

Biochip underneath the skin sense the glucose level and sends the results back to the system out by Radio frequency communication.

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Biochip as a oxygen sensor

Biochip can be integrated with oxygen sensor. The s4ms chip is used for sensing oxygen or glucose in blood.

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Biochip as an BP sensor

Integration of pressure detecting circuits with biochip can make the chip continuously

monitor the blood flow rate .

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APPLICATIONS

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Tracing of a person or animal anywhere in the world is possible

Can store and update financial,medical,demographic data of a person

Biochip leads to a secured E-commerce systems

Replacing passports,cash,medical records.

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ADVANTAGES

To locate lost people and wandering Alzheimer’s Patients. To identify person uniquely. They can perform thousands of biological reactions

operations in few seconds. In monitoring health condition of individuals in which they

are specifically employed. They can perform thousands of biochemical reactions.

Simultaneously. Perform early detection of diseases Can store and update financial, demographic ,medicinal

data and so on

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DISADVANTAGES

They raise critical issues of personal privacy.They mark the end of human freedom and

dignity.There is a danger of turning every man

women, and Child into a controlled slave.Through cybernetic biochip implants people

will think and act as exactly pre-programmed.

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FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

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CONCLUSION

The really fascinating idea is under fast track research "but we're close.” The day in which we have chips embedded in our skins is not too far from now. "This is science fiction stuff."

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