AZERBAIJANI MUSIC

History of music in Azerbaijan◦ The first information about the music of

Azerbaijan was obtained in a number of monuments at the rock carvings during the archaeological excavations in Gobustan (XVIII-III millennium of BC) and Gamigaya (III - I BC).

◦ Rich information was given about medieval music, music genres, musical instruments in “Kitabi-Dede Gorgut epos (VII century), works of Nizami, Fuzuli.

Ashig music◦Ozan-ashug art form began to form in

Azerbaijan since ancient times.◦ Ashiq’s art is a music form of oral art

formed in folk environment and in terms of impact strength, popularity and uniqueness of maturity it is an expression having no analogue. This is a small performance, the music, saz and author-ashug make here unity.

Ashig music◦ Part of the ashiq songs is full of sadness, (Yaniq

Karami, Dilqami), and the other part can be like in Afsharı Sharili songs, which are wonderful examples of ashug lyrics.

◦Gurbani (16th century), Abbas Tufarqanlı, Sary Ashiq (17th century), Khasta Qasim, Ashiq Valeh, Ashiq Dilgam (18th century), Ashiq Ali, Ashiq Alasgar, Ashiq Hussain Shamkirli (19th century) and etc are considered as classics of ashiq art.

◦ Among ashiq of modern time Ashiq Hussein Bozalqanly, Ashiq Asad, Ashiq Mirza, Ashiq Islam, Ashiq Shamshir, Hussein Sarajly, Emrah Gulmammadov, Huseyn Javan, Ashiq Kamandar, Imran Hasanov, Mikail Azaflı, Akbar Jafarov and etc distinguish. Ashiq art is especially spread in Gazakh, Tovuz, Shamakhy regions, as well in settlements of historical Goycha and Borchali.

Azerbaijani folk songs◦ Song is much-loved musical genre. The life of the Azerbaijani people, the struggle,

fine-human emotions, joy and sorrow are reflected in folk songs. Azerbaijani folk songs, all based on the classic mughams, and benefited from them.

◦ The most ancient songs are Shepherd’s sound , Tutu grandmother”, Milking song, Flower, plough the land, Song of plough.

Azerbaijani folk songs◦1. “Ay gözəl”2. “Aman, nənə”3. “Aman, ovçu”4. “Ay Güləbatın”5. “Ay bəri bax”6. “Ay dili, dili”7. “Ay yollara gül döşəyin”8. “Almanı atdım xarala”9. “Aranda qaldım”

◦10. “ Ay qız, sənə mailəm”11. “ Ağacda leylək”12. “ Brilyant”13. “Calal Xalıq”14. “Dolayı gəl, dolayı”15. “Evləri var xana-xana”16. “Əsmə, badi-səba, əsmə”17. “Əlində sazın qurbanı”18. “Əcəb səfalı dağlar”19. “Gülgəz”20. “Girdim yarın bağçasına”21. “Gəldim”22. “Gözəlim sənsən”

◦23.Susen sunbulu◦24. Sudan gelen surmeli qiz

Azerbaijan folk songs◦ https://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNUdZQteaC0

Pop music◦History of appearance of pop music in

Azerbaijan coincides with mid of twentieth century.

◦ In 1956, the Azerbaijan State Theater Orchestra, in 1957, We are from Baku pop ensemble, in 1960 Azerbaijan Television and Radio Variety Orchestra, in 1960-es Qaya quartet (later became a vocal-instrumental ensemble), in 1968 Azerbaijan State Theatre of Songs, in 1975 the Azerbaijan State Symphonic Orchestra were created and played an important role in the development of pop art in Azerbaijan.

Pop music◦ In post-war years opera singers (Rauf

Atakishiyev, Lutfiyar Imanov) had influence on improvement of pop art. Rashid, Muslim Magomayev, Polad Bulbuloglu had enriched the pop art creativity

◦ Shevket Alekperova, Gulaga Mammadov, Mirza Babayev, Ogtay Agayev, Flora Kerimova, Elmira Rahimova, Yalchin Rzazade, Ilhama Guliyeva, Mubariz Tagiyev, Hadi Hadiyev, Akif İslamzade and others rendered active service in promoting pop songs.

◦ Today there are many well-known artists in the genre of pop music

Rock music in Azerbaijan◦ The rock music is widely spread in

Azerbaijan 1966- 75. At that time, the youth listened Western rock music on radio waves. More young people who wanted to listen quality music, listened groups like Led Zeppelin, Beatles, Animals. In universities, cultural houses, schools rock groups were created.

◦ Among the most recognized groups of the Soviet era were Choldünya, Yuxu, Eksulap and Khurramids

Rock music in Azerbaijan◦ The band “Yuxu”◦ “Xezerin sahilinde”◦ 1993

Meikhana

◦Meikhana is a musical-poetic genre belonging to Azerbaijan, sung with accompaniment of percussion instrument or recitation.  It is mainly spread in the villages of Baku.

◦ It is usually sung in the form of debate of two or more poet-singers impromptu. The specific genre of meikhana, color patterns is more expressive and deep. 

◦Meikhana singers◦Mirza Abdulkhaliq Yusuf, Hashim bey Saqi, Mirza Samandar, Aliaga Vahid, Mashadi

Azer, Yayha Molla oglu, Ahmad Anatollu, Aghadadash Muniri, Dilgam, Aghasalim Chıldag, etc.

◦ Poets had created classic examples of meikhana.

Meikhana◦ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=an7kkW0K_iA◦During war years of 1941-45 meikhana turned to fellow of people, inspired the

people, and increased his belief in hope, faith.◦ Since 90-es years of the last century meikhana stepped at third development stage.

However, when the country gained independence, the new approach to meikhana genre is formed

Classical music◦ The founder of the professional

classical music is considered great composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov.

◦ At the end of the 30-es – early of 40-es the new generation of composers grows.

Jazz music◦ The foundation of Azerbaijani jazz was laid by the

State Pop Orchestra known as State jazz at the end of the 30-es by Niyazi and T. Guliyev.

◦Until 1950 years one of the most important performers of jazz was saxophonist, jazzman Parviz Rustambeyov. So-called Soviet Benny Goodmen P. Rustambeyov had created first jazz orchestra in Krasnıy Vostok (now Azerbaijan) cinema, and later in Nizami cinema.

◦ Azerbaijani jazz is unforgotten legend. Prominent representatives of the national jazz Salman Gambarov, Rain Sultanov, Aziza Mustafazade, Shahin Novrasli and others names can be mentioned.

Jazz music and Vagif Mustafazadeh◦ In 60-ies of the last century with support

and leadership of Gara Garayev, Niyazi, T. Guliyev, Rauf Hajiyev the pop and jazz music begins its second life in Azerbaijan. Periods of “Qaya and quartet of Rafiq Babayev, V. Mustafazade begins.

◦ V. Mustafazade that is considered the founder of lyrical jazz for the first time in the world had   organized in Tbilisi State Philharmonic Society (Georgia) Caucasian jazz-trio. He had arranged and led the first Leyli lady quartet, Sevil vocal-instrumental ensemble, and Mugam instrumental ensemble. 

Jazz and Vagif Mustafazadeh◦ V.Mustafazade presented eastern mugham in

the language understandable to the western music listeners- that was in the language of jazz. The free feature of the improvisation turned to main part of links between jazz and mugham. V.Mustafazade was well aware of it and early of 60-es the new stream in music – jazz mugham stream was created by him.