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Avian Avian Colibacillosis Colibacillosis By: By: Seyed Ahmad Madani Seyed Ahmad Madani Resident of Poultry Diseases Division Resident of Poultry Diseases Division Dept. of Clinical Science Dept. of Clinical Science Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran University of Tehran

Avian colibacillosis

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Page 1: Avian colibacillosis

Avian Avian ColibacillosisColibacillosis

By:By:

Seyed Ahmad MadaniSeyed Ahmad MadaniResident of Poultry Diseases DivisionResident of Poultry Diseases Division

Dept. of Clinical ScienceDept. of Clinical Science

Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFaculty of Veterinary Medicine

University of TehranUniversity of Tehran

Page 2: Avian colibacillosis

Definition and SynonymsDefinition and Synonyms Localized or Localized or

systemic infection systemic infection Entirely or partlyEntirely or partly Avian Pathogenic Avian Pathogenic

Escherichia coli Escherichia coli (APEC)(APEC)

HistoryHistory

ColisepticemiaColisepticemia Coligranuloma (Hjarre’s dis.)Coligranuloma (Hjarre’s dis.) Air sac dis. (CRD)Air sac dis. (CRD) Coliform cellulitis(inflammatory Coliform cellulitis(inflammatory

process)process) Swollen-head Syndrome (SHS)Swollen-head Syndrome (SHS) Coliform peritonitisColiform peritonitis Coliform SalpingitisColiform Salpingitis Coliform osteomyelitis/synovitisColiform osteomyelitis/synovitis (Turkey osteomyelitis complex)(Turkey osteomyelitis complex) Coliform panophthalmitisColiform panophthalmitis Coliform omphalitis/Yolk sac Coliform omphalitis/Yolk sac

infrctioninfrction

Page 3: Avian colibacillosis

EtiologyEtiologyAvian Pathogenic Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Escherichia coli (APEC)(APEC)

Gram negative, non-acid-fast, Gram negative, non-acid-fast, uniform stainng, non-spore-forming uniform stainng, non-spore-forming bacillusbacillus

MacConkey agarMacConkey agar Tergitol-7 agarTergitol-7 agar EMB agarEMB agar 18-4418-44ooC C Biochemical propertiesBiochemical properties

Page 4: Avian colibacillosis

Antigenic StructureAntigenic Structure 167 O, 74 K, 53 H and 17 F167 O, 74 K, 53 H and 17 F O (Somatic) Ag.: LPS (endotoxin)→ Tube O (Somatic) Ag.: LPS (endotoxin)→ Tube

agglutination in 50agglutination in 50ooC for 24 hrC for 24 hr K (Capsular) Ag.: Polysaccharide (1 hr at K (Capsular) Ag.: Polysaccharide (1 hr at

100100ooC)C)Tube agglutinatio→37Tube agglutinatio→37ooC for 2 hrC for 2 hrSlide agglutinationSlide agglutination H (Flagellar) Ag.: motility. Tube H (Flagellar) Ag.: motility. Tube

agglutination → 50agglutination → 50ooC for 2 hrC for 2 hr F (Pilus) Ag.F (Pilus) Ag.

Page 5: Avian colibacillosis

Strain ClassificationStrain Classification

Geographic variationGeographic variation O78, O1, O2 and O35O78, O1, O2 and O35 Untypeable or Rough strains also Untypeable or Rough strains also

occuroccur A study in Spain (1998): only 15% of A study in Spain (1998): only 15% of

strains belonged to serogroups O1, strains belonged to serogroups O1, O2, O35, O36, and O78.O2, O35, O36, and O78.

Newly emerged serogroups: O18, O115, Newly emerged serogroups: O18, O115, O116, O132O116, O132

Page 6: Avian colibacillosis

Strain ClassificationStrain Classification

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

O78K80 O2K1 O111K58

1344

1357

1380

1344: 1344: O78K80O78K80, , O88H10, O2K1 O88H10, O2K1 and O111K58and O111K58

1357: 1357: O78K80O78K80, , O111B4 and O111B4 and O119B14O119B14

1380: 1380: O78K80O78K80, , O128K67, O2K1 O128K67, O2K1 and O124K72and O124K72

Page 7: Avian colibacillosis

Characterization of Characterization of APECAPEC

BiotypingBiotyping Phage TypingPhage Typing Antibiotic ResistanceAntibiotic Resistance Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis (MLEE)Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis (MLEE) Whole Cell Protein ProfilingWhole Cell Protein Profiling RibotypingRibotyping RFLP/Southern blotRFLP/Southern blot Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) RFLP-PCRRFLP-PCR REP-PCR(repetitive extragenic palindromic)REP-PCR(repetitive extragenic palindromic) ERIC-PCR (enterobacterial repetitive ERIC-PCR (enterobacterial repetitive

intergenic consensus)intergenic consensus) Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA

Analysis Analysis (RAPD-PCR)(RAPD-PCR)

Page 8: Avian colibacillosis

Characterization of APECCharacterization of APEC

Page 9: Avian colibacillosis

Virulence and PathogenesisVirulence and PathogenesisEmbryo lethalityEleven 12-day-old chicken embryo

Inoculation via allantoic cavity100 cfu

2-day mortality

<10%→nonvirulent10-29%→intermediate >29%→virulent

Page 10: Avian colibacillosis

Virulence and Virulence and PathogenesisPathogenesis

Generalizing from Mammalian pathogensGeneralizing from Mammalian pathogens Correlational Studies (Occurrence of Correlational Studies (Occurrence of

factors)factors)1.1. PhenotypingPhenotyping

2.2. Genotyping → PCR → Multiplex PCRGenotyping → PCR → Multiplex PCR In-vitro Studies In-vitro Studies (cell or organ culture/expression of virulence (cell or organ culture/expression of virulence

factors)factors) Recombinant or Knock-out mutant Recombinant or Knock-out mutant

pathogenicitypathogenicity

Page 11: Avian colibacillosis

Virulence Factors & Virulence Factors & PathogenesisPathogenesis

Adhesion: F1fimbriae, F11(P) fimbraieAdhesion: F1fimbriae, F11(P) fimbraie Colonization: F1, P, Curli fimbriae, TshColonization: F1, P, Curli fimbriae, Tsh Penetration and Invasion: Motility Penetration and Invasion: Motility

(flagella)(flagella) Phagocytosis resistance: P, K1 Ag., O78 Phagocytosis resistance: P, K1 Ag., O78

Ag.Ag. Serum/Complement resistance: K1 Serum/Complement resistance: K1

capsule, LPS (O78), OMP (Iss, Trat, capsule, LPS (O78), OMP (Iss, Trat, OmpA)OmpA)

Iron acquisition: Aerobactin (Iron acquisition: Aerobactin (iuciuc))

Page 12: Avian colibacillosis

Type 1 fimbriaeType 1 fimbriae

Gene: fim F1 Serotype, Proteinaceous surface

appendages Thread-like appearance D-mannose sensitive ► bind to many types of

eukaryotic cells

Adhesion:Express in Trachea&lungs&airsacs but not in other internal organs

Involving in Phagocytosis

Page 13: Avian colibacillosis

P fimbriaeP fimbriae

Gene: Gene: pappap Pyelonephritis-associated pili or Pili

Blood Ag. F11 serotypeF11 serotype Receptors are in internal organs (not Receptors are in internal organs (not

in trachea)in trachea)

→ → Maybe involved in SepticemiaMaybe involved in Septicemia D-mannose resistantD-mannose resistant

Page 14: Avian colibacillosis

Curli fimbriaeCurli fimbriae

Binding to MHC-I, extracellular Binding to MHC-I, extracellular matrix&Serum Prmatrix&Serum Pr

Survival outside the host & colonizationSurvival outside the host & colonization Most isolates are curliatedMost isolates are curliated Thin, Coiled, hair-like surface appendagesThin, Coiled, hair-like surface appendages Gene: Gene: csgcsg Colonization, Internalization to eukaryotic Colonization, Internalization to eukaryotic

cells & Coagulopathy due to fibronectin cells & Coagulopathy due to fibronectin interactioninteraction

Page 15: Avian colibacillosis

Serum ResistanceSerum Resistance

K1 capsule or other capsular Ag.K1 capsule or other capsular Ag. Smooth lipopolysaccharides (O78)Smooth lipopolysaccharides (O78) Most on ColV plasmid and Conjugated R Most on ColV plasmid and Conjugated R

plasmidplasmid Outer Membrane Proteins (OMPs)Outer Membrane Proteins (OMPs)

1.1.Plasmid coded Plasmid coded traT → traT → TraT proteinTraT protein

2.2.Chromosaomal coded Chromosaomal coded ompA ompA → OmpA → OmpA

3.3.Plasmid codedPlasmid coded iss iss → Iss proteine → Iss proteine (increased serum survival)(increased serum survival)Correlation/Causing/Confounding

Page 16: Avian colibacillosis

Coliform CellulitisColiform Cellulitis (Inflammatory Process)(Inflammatory Process)

Synonyms: Avian cellulitis, inflammatory Synonyms: Avian cellulitis, inflammatory process, infectious process and IP process, infectious process and IP

Sheets of serosanguinous to caseated, Sheets of serosanguinous to caseated, fibrinoheterophilic exudate in subcutaneous fibrinoheterophilic exudate in subcutaneous tissuestissues

History: Randall et al. (1984)History: Randall et al. (1984) Economic significance: Economic significance:

↑condemnations, ↑downgrading, ↑labor.↑condemnations, ↑downgrading, ↑labor. In 1996: 2.6 million broilers were condemned = 30% of total In 1996: 2.6 million broilers were condemned = 30% of total

condemnationcondemnation

In 1991: $20 million In 1998: $80 millionIn 1991: $20 million In 1998: $80 million

Page 17: Avian colibacillosis

EtiologyEtiology

1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2. Proteus vulgaris3. Enterobacter

agglomerans4. Pasteurella

multocida5. Strep. dysgalactiae6. Aeromonas sp.

E. coliE. coli

Same serogroups as

APECO1, O2, O78

•Virulence properties are the same

•Usually produce colicin & aerobactin•Cellulitis isolates have greater ability to produce cellulitis lesion

Presence of endemic populations of cellulitis-

associated E .coli in the broiler house

environment

Page 18: Avian colibacillosis

EpidemiologyEpidemiology

Environment Birds

E. coli

Coliform Ccellulitis

Breed•Fast growing•Heavy broiler strains•Genetic → Strength of skin•Aggresiveness•Poor feathering

Feathering↓

Scratching↑Sex

Males↑Feather growth weight aggressiveness

Stocking Density

•↑Skin scratches•↑Stress•↑Contact

Litter

FeedingAA↓(Cys&Met), ↑Energy(E/P ratio, fat deposite), Vit. E, Vit. A, Zinc

Page 19: Avian colibacillosis

PathobiologyPathobiology

Host: Older chicken are more likely Host: Older chicken are more likely to develop cellulitis.to develop cellulitis.

No Antemortem Clin. Signs → No Antemortem Clin. Signs → Lesions are discovered at processing Lesions are discovered at processing by inspectorsby inspectors

Gross Pathology: Gross Pathology: Unilateral

Skin colorNormal YelowRed-brown

Size 1-10 cm

Scratch orScabsOn theSkin

Subcutaneous Edma

ExudateMus. Hemo.

Fibrinous orCaseous plaque

In Mus. Or Subcutis(waffle skin)

Page 20: Avian colibacillosis

PathogenesisPathogenesis

Skin trauma

ScratchesCorrelation with

Systemic Colibacillosis

Association withAscites Valgus-varus

Leg deformity

Confounding ?Sex

Breed

Large abdomenCommon risk factors (rapid

growth)

6-12 hr PI → exudate18-24 hr PI → Caseous

plaqueLesions prsist 3 W PI

Age> 3 weeks

Page 21: Avian colibacillosis

Dx/Tx/Control/PreventionDx/Tx/Control/Prevention

DxTime of OccurrenceTransportation/Rearing house

No TxManagement

andEnvironment

(risk factors)

MontoringAt Processing:CondemnationAseptic Culture

Cost benefit

Page 22: Avian colibacillosis

Swollen Head SyndromeSwollen Head Syndrome SHS is an acute to subacute cellulitis involving SHS is an acute to subacute cellulitis involving

the periorbital & adjacent sc tissues of the the periorbital & adjacent sc tissues of the headhead

Host: Chicken (broilers, broiler breeders & Host: Chicken (broilers, broiler breeders & commercial layers), Turkey and Guinea fowlcommercial layers), Turkey and Guinea fowl

Pathogenesis: Pathogenesis:

Clin. Signs & Lesions: Edematous swelling over Clin. Signs & Lesions: Edematous swelling over the eye, gelatinous edema of the facial skin & the eye, gelatinous edema of the facial skin & periorbital tissues & caseous exudate in the periorbital tissues & caseous exudate in the conjuctival sac, facial sc tissues & lacrimal conjuctival sac, facial sc tissues & lacrimal gland.gland.

Upper Resp.Viral Infect.

Avian PneumovirusIBV

Ammonia

E. ColiVia

SinusesNasal cavity

Eustachian tube

Inflammatoryexudate

Page 23: Avian colibacillosis

Salpingitis/Peritonitis Salpingitis/Peritonitis (Adults)(Adults)

↓↓Egg production & Sporadic Mortality in Egg production & Sporadic Mortality in Commercial Layers and BreedersCommercial Layers and Breeders

The most common causes of mortality in The most common causes of mortality in lay in laying henslay in laying hens

Other host: esp. female duck & geeseOther host: esp. female duck & geeseConfused with egg binding Confused with egg binding Route of Infection:Route of Infection:Predisposing factors:Predisposing factors:Pathology: Pathology:

1.Ascending from Cloaca2.Spreading from air sacculitis( but more frequently in young birds)

3.?! Hematogenic due to septicemia

1. Heavy egg production→relaxing the sphincter between vagina & cloaca

2. Mucosal Viral Infection (IB)

3. Mycoplasmosis

1.Distention of thin-walled oviduct with single or multiple masses of caseous exudate in the general form of the oviduct

2.Exudate ismalodorous and laminated & often contain central egg, shells and/or membranes

▼Peritonitis

(with or without salpingitis)

Page 24: Avian colibacillosis

Coliform Omphalitis/Yolk Coliform Omphalitis/Yolk Sac InfectionSac Infection

Definition/Synonyms:Definition/Synonyms: The Commonest Cause of Mortality The Commonest Cause of Mortality

during 1during 1stst Week Week Etiology:Etiology: Route of Infection: Route of Infection:

Inflammation of the NavelInflammation of the umblicusNavel illMushy Chick Disease

1.E. coli2.Proteus spp.3.Bacillus spp (esp. B.

cereus)4.Staphylococci5.Pseudomonas spp.6.Clostridia

•Contamination of unhealed Navel◄ Fecal Contamination of eggs•in ovu contamination ◄Oophoritis/Salpingitis/Artificial Insemination•Intestinal contamination•Hematogenic

Page 25: Avian colibacillosis

Coliform Omphalitis/Yolk Coliform Omphalitis/Yolk Sac Infection (cont.)Sac Infection (cont.)

Dead in Shell (late in incubation)Dead in Shell (late in incubation) Death Shortly after hatchingDeath Shortly after hatching Incidence↑ after hatching & ↓ about Incidence↑ after hatching & ↓ about

6 days with occasional losses up to 3 6 days with occasional losses up to 3 w.w.

Infection with low virulent: no Infection with low virulent: no mortalitymortality

1.Retained caseated Yolk2.↓ Weight gain

RednessSwellingEdemaSmall abscessesAbdominal distensionHyperemiaSkin& Body wall lysisWet and dirty chicksMushy chicksDehydrationVisceral goatEmaciatioPericarditis > 4 days

Deprivation of Nutrient & AbsAbsorption of Toxins

Spread of E. coli Colisepticemia

Adhesion to Intestines or Other Visceral Orgas

StrangulationDeath

Treatment is not recommended

Page 26: Avian colibacillosis

ColisepticemiaColisepticemia

Pathologic Stages:Pathologic Stages:

Origin of Infection:Origin of Infection: 2 & 12 weeks (4-9)2 & 12 weeks (4-9)

1.Acute Septicemia2.Subacute

Polyserositis3.Chronic

Granulomatosis1.Respiratory –origin2.Enteric – origin3.Neonatal

Colisepticemia4.Acute Sep. of

Layers

Page 27: Avian colibacillosis

ColisepticemiaColisepticemia Green discoloration following exposure to Green discoloration following exposure to

airair Odor ← Indole productionOdor ← Indole production Atrophy of FB or Inflammation ≠ IBDAtrophy of FB or Inflammation ≠ IBD Pericarditis/ Myocarditis: Cloudiness of Pericarditis/ Myocarditis: Cloudiness of

Pericardial sac+ edema of epicardium+ Pericardial sac+ edema of epicardium+ Fibrinous exudate→ exudate Fibrinous exudate→ exudate organization(7-10 days)→ Constrictive organization(7-10 days)→ Constrictive PericarditisPericarditis

PeritonitisPeritonitis PerihepatitisPerihepatitis

Page 28: Avian colibacillosis
Page 29: Avian colibacillosis
Page 30: Avian colibacillosis

Prevention/Control/Prevention/Control/TreatmentTreatment

Egg & Laying Egg & Laying ManagementManagement: : Contamination/Collecting/Nest/Floor Contamination/Collecting/Nest/Floor eggs/Broken/Hatchery(esp. after 18)eggs/Broken/Hatchery(esp. after 18)

Nutritional Nutritional Management Management : ↑Pr, ↑Se, : ↑Pr, ↑Se, ↑Vit. E, ↓Deprivation, ↓Water ↑Vit. E, ↓Deprivation, ↓Water contamination, ↓food contamination contamination, ↓food contamination (mash>pellet)(mash>pellet) ,rodent feces ,rodent feces

Health Health Management Management : IB, ND, Mg, IBD, : IB, ND, Mg, IBD, Aflatoxicosis, Ammonia, Dust, Aflatoxicosis, Ammonia, Dust, TRT, TRT, THE.THE.

Page 31: Avian colibacillosis

ImmunizationImmunization

Inactivated Vaccines:Inactivated Vaccines:

Live Vaccines:Live Vaccines:

Subunit Vaccines: Subunit Vaccines:

• Protection against homologous Serogroups

• Passive Protection in progeny

• Poly/Monovalent• Adjuvant• O78, O2, O1• Ultrasonic/Heat/

Formalin

•Naturally non-pathogenic piliated strain(BT-7) in chicken>14 days on even heterologous strains•J5: incomplete endotoxin•carAB mutant of O2 strain (↓Arg&pyrimidine)•Recombinant: O78/F1 on attenuated S. typhimurium•Iss protein(2006)

•Type 1 fimbriae(FimH)

Page 32: Avian colibacillosis

Chlortetracycline 20%Chlortetracycline 20%

Water Soluble PowderWater Soluble PowderMechanism: Inhibition of Aminoacil Mechanism: Inhibition of Aminoacil transferase attaching to 30S ribosometransferase attaching to 30S ribosomeDrinking water: 80-100 gr/100 lit. 5-7 dDrinking water: 80-100 gr/100 lit. 5-7 dFood: 1500-2000gr/ton. 5-7dFood: 1500-2000gr/ton. 5-7dContra.: Layers (↓shell thickness), renal & Contra.: Layers (↓shell thickness), renal & hepaic insufficiencyhepaic insufficiencyDrug interaction: Erythromycin, Drug interaction: Erythromycin, Enrofloxacin, Neomycin, NaCo3, Ca, Mg, Enrofloxacin, Neomycin, NaCo3, Ca, Mg, Fe.(12h in hard water)Fe.(12h in hard water)Withdrawal: 5-7dWithdrawal: 5-7dPack: 500gr/ 1 kgPack: 500gr/ 1 kg

Page 33: Avian colibacillosis

Chlortetracycline 50%Chlortetracycline 50%

Premix powderPremix powder Prevention dose: 200-400 gr/ tonPrevention dose: 200-400 gr/ ton Treat.: 600-800gr/ ton, 1000 gr/tonTreat.: 600-800gr/ ton, 1000 gr/ton Pack.: 5 kgPack.: 5 kg

Page 34: Avian colibacillosis

Chlortetracycline 20%Chlortetracycline 20%

Water soluble powderWater soluble powder 500 gr/200 lit, 3-5 d500 gr/200 lit, 3-5 d With.: 7dWith.: 7d Pack.: 500 grPack.: 500 gr

Page 35: Avian colibacillosis

Oxytetracycline 20%Oxytetracycline 20%

Water soluble powderWater soluble powder Prev.: 30 gr/ 100 lit, 3 dPrev.: 30 gr/ 100 lit, 3 d Treat.: 60-120 gr/ 100 lit, 5 dTreat.: 60-120 gr/ 100 lit, 5 d Pack.: 500 grPack.: 500 gr

Page 36: Avian colibacillosis

Oxytetracycline 10%Oxytetracycline 10%

Premix powderPremix powder Prevent.: 500-1000 gr/ tonPrevent.: 500-1000 gr/ ton Treat.: 1000-2500 gr/ tonTreat.: 1000-2500 gr/ ton Pack.: 5 kg Pack.: 5 kg With.: 7 dWith.: 7 d

Page 37: Avian colibacillosis

Oxytetracycline 50%Oxytetracycline 50%

Premix powderPremix powder Prevent.: 100-200 gr/ tonPrevent.: 100-200 gr/ ton Treat: 200-300 gr/ tonTreat: 200-300 gr/ ton

Page 38: Avian colibacillosis

Tetracycline HCl 20%Tetracycline HCl 20%

Water soluble powderWater soluble powder 500 gr/ 200 lit, 3-5d500 gr/ 200 lit, 3-5d Pack.: 500 grPack.: 500 gr

Page 39: Avian colibacillosis

Colistin 3000000Colistin 3000000

3,000,000 Colistin sulphate/ gr. Water 3,000,000 Colistin sulphate/ gr. Water Soluble powderSoluble powder

Mech.: Polymixins bacteriocidals. Mech.: Polymixins bacteriocidals. Gram negative. Intestinal absorption↓Gram negative. Intestinal absorption↓

Water: 100 gr / 500 lit, 5-7dWater: 100 gr / 500 lit, 5-7d With.: 2 dWith.: 2 d Drug synergism: Potentiated Sulfa, Drug synergism: Potentiated Sulfa,

Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicle, Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicle, Erythromycin, Bacitracin, FlorfenicolErythromycin, Bacitracin, Florfenicol

Page 40: Avian colibacillosis

Enrofloxacin 10%Enrofloxacin 10%

Oral SolutionOral Solution Mech.: Inhibition of DNA-gyrase Mech.: Inhibition of DNA-gyrase

activityactivity 1-1.5 lit / 1000 lit, 5 d1-1.5 lit / 1000 lit, 5 d Drug inter.: Chloram., Tetracyclines, Drug inter.: Chloram., Tetracyclines,

Macrolids, Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mineral Macrolids, Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mineral supplementsupplement

With.: 2 dWith.: 2 d Pack: 1 litPack: 1 lit

Page 41: Avian colibacillosis

Flumequine 20%Flumequine 20%

Oral solutionOral solution 2w>: 25 ml/ 100 lit, 3-5 d2w>: 25 ml/ 100 lit, 3-5 d 2w<: 50 ml/100 lit, 3-5d2w<: 50 ml/100 lit, 3-5d Conta.: Layers at productionConta.: Layers at production Drug interaction: Sulfonamides, Drug interaction: Sulfonamides,

Trimet., Nitrofourans, CuSO4, Tetra.Trimet., Nitrofourans, CuSO4, Tetra. With.: 2-3dWith.: 2-3d Pack.: 1 litPack.: 1 lit

Page 42: Avian colibacillosis

Florfenicol 10%Florfenicol 10%

Oral solutionOral solution 1 lit/ 1000 lit, 5 d1 lit/ 1000 lit, 5 d Contra.: Layers at productionContra.: Layers at production With.: 5 dWith.: 5 d Pack.: 1 litPack.: 1 lit

Page 43: Avian colibacillosis

Lincomycin+SpectinomyLincomycin+Spectinomycincin

A Lincosamide + an AminoglycosideA Lincosamide + an Aminoglycoside 50 S + 30 S50 S + 30 S 150 gr/ 200 lit, 3 d150 gr/ 200 lit, 3 d Drug inter.: macrolides, Chloramph., Drug inter.: macrolides, Chloramph.,

Flor.Flor. With.: 2 dWith.: 2 d Pack.: 150 grPack.: 150 gr

Page 44: Avian colibacillosis

Potentiated SulfaPotentiated Sulfa Methasol 48% (sultrim)Methasol 48% (sultrim) Sulfadiazin + TrimetoprimSulfadiazin + Trimetoprim Oral suspensionOral suspension Prevent.: 200 ml/ 800 lit, 3dPrevent.: 200 ml/ 800 lit, 3d Treat.: 200 ml/ 600 lit, 3-5 dTreat.: 200 ml/ 600 lit, 3-5 d Drug inter.: Vits B, Penicilins, Drug inter.: Vits B, Penicilins, Contra.: layers and breeders at Contra.: layers and breeders at

productionproduction With.: 5 dWith.: 5 d Pack.: 200 ml bottlePack.: 200 ml bottle

Page 45: Avian colibacillosis

The endThe end