AUDIO LINGUAL METHOD

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Definition ALMThe Audio lingual Method is a

method of foreign language teaching which emphasizes the teaching of listening and speaking before reading and writing. It uses dialogues as the main form of language presentation and drills as the main training techniques. Mother tongue is discouraged in the classroom.

The Principle of ALMThe principles of this method are:1. Instructions are given in the target language.2. Language forms occur within a context.3. Students’ native language interferes as little as

possible with the students’ attempts to acquire the target language.

4. Teaching is directed to provide students with a native-speaker-like model.

5. Errors are carefully avoided because they lead to the formation of bad habits.

6. Positive reinforcement helps the student to develop correct habits.

7. The teacher is regarded as an orchestra leader-conducting, guiding and controlling the students’ behavior in the target language.

8. Learning a foreign language is treated on par with the native language learning.

9. Students are taken to be the imitators of the teacher’s model or the tapes.

10. The dialogue is the chief means of presenting vocabulary, structures and it is learned through repetition and imitation.

11. memorization and pattern drills are the practice techniques that are emphasized.

12. Listening and speaking are given priority in language teaching, and they precede reading and writing.

13. Correct pronunciation, stress, rhythm and intonation are emphasized.

Characteristics ALMCharacteristics of the audio lingual method :• Language learning is habit-formation.• Mistakes are bad and should be avoided, as they

are considered bad habits.• Language skills are learned more effectively if they

are presented orally first, then in written form.• Analogy is a better foundation for language

learning than analysis.• The meanings of words can be learned only in a

linguistic and cultural context.

The main activities include reading aloud dialogues, repetitions of model sentences, and drilling. Key structures from the dialogue serve as the basis for pattern drills of different kinds. Lessons in the classroom focus on the correct imitation of the teacher by the students. Not only are the students expected to produce the correct output, but attention is also paid to correct pronunciation. Although correct grammar is expected in usage, no explicit grammatical instruction is given.

It is taught inductively. Furthermore, the target language is the only language to be used in the classroom.

Techniques of ALM• (Dialog Memorization)• Backward Bulld-up (Expansion) Drill• Repetition Drill• Chain Drill• Single Slot Subtitution• Multiple Slot Subtitution Drill• Transformational Drill• Question and Answer Drill• Use Minimal Pairs• Complete the Dialog• Grammar Game

Role of Teacher

• Central & Active • Model of the target

language (TL)• Monitor the performance

Role of Student• Reactive • They do not initiate

interaction• They are directed by the

teacher

Advantages• Learners be able speaking the target

language communicatively.• Learners have no difficulties to understand

the lesson as it is carried out in the mother tongue.

• Learners are able to give correct response directly.

• Learners more concern about the combination between behavioral psychology and linguistic.

Disadvantages• Speaking or any kind of spontaneous

creative output was missing from the curriculum.

• Students lacked an active role in the classroom.

• Very little attention is paid to communication.

• Very little attention is paid to content.Process of learning only focus in speaking.

The Goal of ALMThe general goal of the Audio Lingual Method is

to enable the target language communicatively. And there are two objectives in Audio Lingual Method such as;

Brook distinguishes between short-range and long - range objectives of an Audio Lingual program. Short-range objectives include training in listening comprehension and accurate pronunciation. Long - range objectives or the ultimate goal is to develop the student’s abilities are same like what native speakers have, to use it automatically without stopping to think.

ConclusionThe Audio Lingual Method focuses on

speaking and listening competence stressing repetition and habit formation to learn a second or a foreign language. This method make the learner understand the second language by memorizing and practice speaking with drilling from the people communication.