APPILICATION

OF SUPERCONDUCTORS

BRANCH - MECHANICAL-AACADAMIC YEAR – 2014-2015

SUBJECT - PHYSICSEM. – 1

ROLL

NO

NAME ENROLLMENT

NO:

31 Shaikh Mohammad Farukh 140860119105

32 Ravindra B Yadav 140860119123

33 Akshay Vani 140860119004

34 Krupal Bhandari 1408601190

35 Yash Pawar 1408601190

A superconductor is a very pure metal, an alloy or a

compound that allows electricity to be transmitted with

minimal losses.

A higher current flow may occur with lower energy losses

than common conductors.

Many elements can be coaxed into a superconductive

state with the application of high pressure.

What is a Superconductor?

APPILICATION OF

SUPERCONDUCTORS

•Particle Accelerators

•Generators

•Transportation

•Power Transmission

•Electric Motors

•Military

•Computing

•Medical

•B Field Detection (SQUIDS)

IN MAGNETIC LEVITATION

The magnetic levitation is based in two

techniques:-

(1) Electromagnetic Suspention (EMS)

(2) Electrodynamic Suspention (EDS)

In magnetic levitation

In attractive EMS , the electromagnets installed on

the train-bogi attract the iron rails. The vehicle

magnet rapped on the iron rails & the attractive

upward force lift the train.

In EDS , levitation is achieved by creating a repulsive

force between the train & iron rails.

A similar magnetic propulsion system is being used to

launch the satellite into orbits directly from the earth

without the use of rockets.

'MagLev' trains have been under development in Japan for the past two decades

Superconducting magnets are used create a strong magnetic force to propel the vehicle. But they offer more than just propulsion—they also levitate the vehicles and guide them within the bounds of the guideway.The system takes advantage of the naturally stabilizing effect provided by electromagnet induction. No controlling devices whatsoever are needed to keep the train on its guideway, and there is no risk of the train ‘derailing.’ The magnetic levitation force is ideal for supporting a train at very high speeds.

In medical

MRI is a technique that allows doctors to see what is happening inside the body without directly performing surgery.

The development of superconductors has improved the field of MRI as the superconducting magnet can be smaller and more efficient than an equivalent conventional magnet.

Radiofrequency receivers that are currently made of copper coils can be replaced by superconducting receiver coils, increasing signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of two in some cases.

Magnetic rezonance tomography

Biomagnetic measurements

SQUID magnetometer

Magnetoencephalanography (MEG systems)

Magnetocardiography (MCG device)

Magnetoneurography

Gastroenterology

Magnetopneumography

Liver iron suspectometry

In medical

In medical

In addition, advance static and functional imaging

techniques, using superconducting sensors, are

emerging as complementary methods, enabling

additional capabilities as well as lower cost.

Magnetic field sensing

Compared with the rest of the body’s low current operations, the heart is a highly electric organ. Its faint magnetic field (about 100 picoteslas) can be measured with superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), the most sensitive magnetic sensors known.

When arranged in arrays, SQUIDs can provide an image of the heart ’s magnetic field and yield clues to abnormal conduction patterns that are the basis of some heart arrhythmias (abnormal rhythms). About 3 million persons are treated for arrhythmias each year in the United States.

In industry

In industry also superconductors plays an important role.

New applications of superconductors will increase with critical temperature.

Liquid nitrogen based superconductor has provided industry more flexibility to utilize superconductivity as compared to liquid helium superconductors.

The work of commercialization centers on the development of new products and the engineering needed to implement the new technology.

Electric generators made with superconducting wire are far more efficient than conventional generators wound with copper wire.

Their efficiency is above 99% and their size about half that of conventional generators.

They make lucrative ventures for power utilities.

Recently, power utilities have begun to use superconductor-based transformers and "fault limiters".

Superconducting fault limiters can respond within a few

milli-seconds to limit thousands of amperes of current – such

as after a lightning strike.

An idealized application for superconductors is to employ them in

the transmission of commercial power to cities.

BUT, due to the high cost and impracticality of cooling miles of superconducting wire to cryogenic temperatures, this has only happened with short "test runs".

Superconducting material takes up less space.

In one instance 250 pounds of superconducting wire replaced

18,000 pounds of vintage copper cable, making it over 7000% more space-efficient.

Some others applications of

superconductors Superconductors can be used to transmit electrical power

over very long distances without any power loss or any voltage drop.

Superconductors generators has the benefits small size and low energy consumption than the conventional generators.

Superconducting coils are used in N.M.R (nuclear magnetic resonance) imaging equipments which are used in hospitals for scanning the whole body diagnose medical problems.

Very strong magnetic fields can be generated with coils made of high Tc superconducting materials.