American English File 3 Multi Pack A Student Book Workbook (Second Edition)

S E C O N D E D I T I O N

Student Book Workbook

Christina Latham-Koenig Clive Oxenden

OXFORD

AmericanENGLISH FILEMulti-Pack

AmericanENGLISH FILEChristina Latham-Koenig Clive Oxenden

Paul Seligson and Clive Oxenden are the original co-authors of English File 1 and English File 2

OXFORDU N I V E R S I T Y P R E S S

Grammar Vocabulary Pronunciation

1

4 A Mood food simple present and continuous, action and nonaction verbs

food and cooking vowel sounds

8 B Family life future forms: present continuous, going to, will/ won't Jg) each other

family, adjectives of personality

sentence stress, word stress, adjective endings

12 ■ < PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 1 Meeting the parents

2

14 A Spend or save? present perfect and simple past money the letter o

18 B Changing lives present perfect + for/since, present perfect continuous

strong adjectives: exhausted, amazed, etc.

sentence stress, stress on strong adjectives

22 REVIEW & CHECK 1&2 On the street; Short movies Goodwill Industries

3

24 A Race across Miami comparatives and superlatives transportation /ʃ/, /dy, and It,f/, linking

28 B Stereotypes-or are they? articles: a/an, the, no article collocation: verbs / adjectives + prepositions

/o/, sentence stress, /ðə/ or /Nil?

32 PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 2 A difficult celebrity

4

34 A Failure and success can, could, be able to j/j) reflexive pronouns

-ed / -ing adjectives sentence stress

38 B Modern manners? modals of obligation: must, have to, should^5) should have

phone language silent consonants, linking

42 REVIEW & CHECK 3&4 M i On the street; Short movies Citi bikes

5

44 A Sports superstitions past tenses: simple, continuous, perfect

sports hr/ and hr/

48 B Love at Exit 19 usually and used to relationships linking, the letters

52 ■ < PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 3 Old friends

104 Communication 132 Grammar Bank 165 Irregular verbs

113 Writing 152 Vocabulary Bank 166 Sound Bank

1 2 2 Listening

Contents

G simple present and continuous, action and nonaction verbs V food and cooking P vowel sounds

Do you drink a lo t o f coffee?

1A Mood foodYes, but I'm

trying to cut down right now.

1 V O C A B U L A R Y food and cooking 3 L IS T E N IN G & S P E A K IN G

a Take the quiz in pairs.

FOOD QUIZCan you th in k of...?

o n e red fru it, o n e yellow fru it, o n e green fru it t w o kinds o f food th a t some people are allergic to

t h r e e kinds o f food th a t come from milk

f o u r vegetables tha t you can put in a salad f i v e containers tha t you can buy food in

s i x things th a t people sometimes have fo r breakfast

b > • p.152 Vocabulary Bank Food and cooking.

c 14))) Listen to these common adjectives to describe food. Do you know what they mean? Then say one kind o f food that we often use with each adjective.

canned fresh frozen low-fat raw spicy take-out

FOOD & EATING1 Is there any food or drink that you

couldn’t live without? How often do you eat/drink it?

2 Do you ever havea ready-made food? b take-out food? What kind?

3 What’s your favoritea fruit? b vegetable?Are there any that you really don’t like?

*4 When you eat out do you usually order meat, fish, or vegetarian?

□ What food do you usually eata when you're feeling a little down? b before playing sports or exercising? c before you have an exam or some

important work to do?

2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N vowel sounds

a Look at the eight sound pictures. What are the words and sounds?

1 1squid chicken 5 spicy grilled " r r

sausage roast chocolate box

2(p beef steamed 6 ®5"p\v beans breakfast \

pork fork boiled pour

grapes salmon 7 ( ) lamb cabbage ’Mqu

cook sugar pudding food

44 r margarine carton 8 l l j spoon zucchini fruit duck*@ "© jar warm ( C l j j

a 16))) Listen to five people talking. Each person is answering one o f the questions in Food & Eating above. Match each speaker with a question.

[T\ Speaker A [__] Speaker DI I SpeakerB Q SpeakerEL J Speaker C

b Listen again and make notes about their answers. Compare with a partner.

c Ask and answer the questions with a partner. What do you have in common?

b

c

d

Look at the words in each list. Cross out the word that doesn’t have the sound in the sound picture.

1 5))) Listen and check.

> - p.166 Sound Bank. Look at the typical spellings o f the sounds in a.

4 R E A D IN G

a Are the foods in the list carbohydrates or proteins? W ith a partner, think o f four more kinds o f food for each category.

cake chicken pasta salmon

With a partner, answer the questions below with either carbohydrates or proteins.

What kind o f food do you think it is better to eat...?• for lunch if you have an important exam

or meeting• for breakfast• for your evening meal• if you are feeling stressed

Look at the title o f the article. What do you think it means? Read the article once to find out, and to check your answers to b.

Read the article again. Then with a partner, say in your own words why the following people are mentioned.Give as much information as you can.

1 Dr. Paul ClaytonJ

people on diets schoolchildren Paul and Terry Swiss researchers

Find adjectives in the article for the verbs and nouns in the list. W hat’s the difference between the two adjectives made from stress?

stress (noun) (x2) relax (verb) wake (verb) sleep (verb) power (noun) benefit (noun)

Ask and answer the questions with a partner.

1 What time of day do you usually eat protein and carbohydrates? How do they make you feel?How often do you eat chocolate? Does it make you feel happier?After reading the article, is there anything you would change about your eating habits?

We live in a stressful world, and daily life can sometimes m ake us feel tired, stressed, or depressed. Some people go to the doctor for help, others try alternative therapies, but the place to find a cure could be somewhere completely different: in the kitchen.

Dr. P au l Clayton, a food expert from Middlesex University, says “The brain is affected by what you eat and drink, just like every

other part of your body. Certain types of food contain substances that affect how you think and feel."

For example, food that is high in carbohydrates can make us feel more relaxed. It also makes us feel happy. Research has shown that people on diets often begin to feel a little depressed after two weeks because they are eating fewer carbohydrates.

On the other hand, food that is rich in protein makes us feel awake and focused. Research has shown that schoolchildren who eat a high-protein breakfast often do better at school than children whose breakfast is

lower in protein. Also, eating the right kind of meal at lunchtime can make a difference if you have an exam in the afternoon or a

business meeting where you need to make some quick decisions. In an experiment for a TV show, two chess players, both former champions, had different meals before playing each other. Paul had a plate of prosciutto and salad (full of protein from the red meat), and his opponent Terry had pasta with a creamy sauce (full

of carbohydrates). In the chess match Terry felt sleepy and took much longer than Paul to make decisions about what moves to make.

The experiment was repeated several times with the same result.

Another powerful mood food could become a replacement for some medications doctors prescribe for stress. In a study, Swiss researchers discovered that eating one dark chocolate candy bar (about 1.4 ounces) had beneficial effects on highly stressed people. Not only did eating the dark chocolate help reduce stress, it was also shown to improve mood and reduce high blood pressure.

Why does chocolate make people less stressed? First, it causes the body to reduce the level of the stress hormone cortisol. Second, it reduces the “fight or flight” hormone—a hormone that makes people want to start a fight or run away when they are very stressed. In addition, it contains other compounds that lower blood pressure and improve your mood. These three things, along with its delicious taste, make chocolate a powerful mood changer.

Mood food - w hat the exp erts say• Blueberries and cocoa can raise concentration levels for up

to five hours.• Food th at is high, in protein helps your brain to work more

efficiently• For relaxation and to sleep better, eat carbohydrates.• Dark green vegetables (e.g., cabbage and spinach) and oily

fish (e.g., salmon) eaten regularly cam. help to fight depression.

Online Practice 1A

5 L IS T E N IN G & S P E A K IN G

a Ask and answer the questions with a partner.

RESTAURANTS1 How often do you eat out?2 What's your favorite...?

a kind of food (Chinese, Italian, etc.) b restaurant dish

3 How important are these things to you in a restaurant? Number them 1-4 (1 = the most important).[ 1 the food

] the service ] the atmosphere ] the price

4 Have you ever tried English food? What did you think of it?

b 17))) Read the text about Steve Anderson. Then listen to P a rt 1 o f an interview with him, and number the photos in the order he mentions them.

c Listen again. Why does he mentioneach thing?

d 1 8))) Now listen to P a rt 2 and answer thequestions.

1 What does he say is the best and worst thing about running a restaurant?

2 What’s the main difference between British and Spanish customers?

3 What kinds of customers does he find difficult?

4 How does he think eating habits in Spain are changing?

e W hat about you? Answer the questions witha partner.

1 What was your favorite food when you were a child?

2 Is there anything that you like / don’t like cooking?

3 In your country, when people eat out would they usually tell the chef what they really think about the food?

4 Do you know anyone who is a “difficult customer” in restaurants?

6 1A

STEVE ANDERSON has always had a passion for food. He was first taught to cook by his mother, who is half Burmese. After studying physics in college, he got a summer job helping with a cooking course in Italy, where he met several famous chefs. One of them, Alastair Little, later hired him as a trainee chef. Two years later, he moved to Valencia in Spain and opened a restaurant, SeuXerea, now one of the most popular restaurants in town.

6 G R A M M A Rsimple present and continuous, action and nonaction verbs

a 19))) Listen again to some o f the things Steve said .(Circle) the form of theverb he uses.

1 This week for example, I cook / I ’m cooking nearly every day. We usually close / are usually closing on Sundays and Mondays, but this Monday is a public holiday.

2 The British always say / are saying that everything is lovely.3 Actually, I think I prefer / 1 am preferring that honesty, because it helps us to

know what people like.4 Unfortunately, 1 think they get / they're getting worse. People eat / are eating

more unhealthily.

b With a partner, say why you think he has chosen each form.

c ^ p.132 Grammar Bank 1A. Learn more about the simple present and thepresent continuous, and practice them.

d Make questions to ask your partner with the simple present or continuous. Ask for more information.

On a typical day- What / usually have for breakfast?- / drink soda? How many glasses /

drink a day?- Where / usually have lunch?- What / usually have for lunch

during the week?- / ever cook? What / make?- / prefer eating at home or

eating out?

Right now / nowadays- I need to buy any food today?- / want anything to eat right now?

What?- I take vitamins or food

supplements right now?- / try to cut down on anything

right now?- I the diet in your country / get

better or worse?

7 S P E A K IN G

WHAT DO YOU THINK?1 Men are better cooks than women.2 Both boys and girls should learn to cook at school.3 Cheap restaurants usually serve bad food.4 On a night out with friends, where and what you eat isn’t important.5 Not all fast food is unhealthy.6 Every country thinks that their cuisine is the best in the world.

a 1J13))) Listen to two people discussing sentence 1. W ho do you agree with more, the man or the woman? Why?

b 1 14))) Listen to the phrases in the Useful language box. Copy the intonation.

Useful language: Giving your opinion (1)I agree. I’m not sure. For example,...I don’t agree. (I think) it depends. In my opinion...

c In small groups, say what you think about sentences 2 -6 . Try to use the U seful language phrases.

Online Practice 1A 7

G future forms: present continuous, going to, will / won’t V fam ily adjectives o f personality P sentence stress, word stress, adjective endings

Are you seeing your grandparents

this weekend?

IB Family life

No, I’m going to stay home. I'll

probably see them next weekend.

1 V O C A B U L A R Y & S P E A K IN Gfamily

a Look at some photos showing family members.W hat’s happening in each one? What do you think the relationship is between the people?

b With a partner, explain the difference between each pair.

1 a father and a parent2 a mother and a stepmother3 a brother and a brother-in-law4 a grandfather and a great-grandfather5 a nephew and a niece6 a child and an only child7 your immediate family and your extended family

c Read Changing—f o r the better and try to guess what the missing percentages are. Choose from the list.

11% 43% 60% 67% 75%

d ly 15))) Listen and check. Do any o f the statistics surprise you? Which ones do you think would be very different if the survey was taken in your country?

e Work in small groups. Say what you think and give reasons.

Do you th in k that...?• families should have a meal together every day• children should leave home as soon as they can

afford to• parents and their teenaged children should spend

a lot of time together• parents should be friends with their children on

social networking sites, e.g., Twitter• elderly parents should live with their children

when they are too old to live alone

Useful language:Giving your opinion (2)We often use should + verb to say what we think is the right thing or a good thing (to do), e.g.,I think families should have dinner together every day because...I don’t think parents should be friends with their children on Twitter because...

Changing -for the better?Family life is changing in th e US, but not in th e way

we m ight th in k . The resu lts of several different US surveys expected to find th a t family relationships w ere suffering because of th e decline in traditional family stru ctu res.However, some of th e resu lts were very surprising...

of young adults under 25 and

of adults 30-34 still live at home with their parents.

of families eat together every day.

say they have the TV on during dinner.

think a new baby in the family brings more happiness.

of adults are happy and enjoy their lives without a lot of stress.

of adults are not happy and have a lot of stress or worry in their lives.

of teens feel close to their family.

of teens want to spend more time with their parents.

of parents stay connected with their children on social networks.

of parents worry about what their kids post on social networks.

of elderly women live with a relative such as a daughter, daughter-in-law, or grandchild.

2 G R A M M A R future forms

a 1> 16))) Listen to three dialogues between different family members. W ho is talking to who (e.g., brother to sister)? What are they talking about?

b Listen again and match two sentences with each dialogue (1-3).

A I I I'll make you a cup o f tea. D [ ] I’m staying overnight there.B I__I You'll drive too fast. E [__ | I'll drive really slowlv.c D I'm not going to go to college yet. F Q It's going to be cold tonight.

c With a partner, decide which sentence (A -F) is...

] a plan or intention [__][__] a prediction ’_] an offerI I an arrangement Q apromi.se

d V p.133 Grammar Bank IB . Learn more about future forms, and practice them.

3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N sentence stress

P Sentence stressAn important aspect of speaking English is stressing the words in a sentence that carry the information, and not stressing the other ones. This will help you to communicate better and to speak with good rhythm.

a 121))) Listen to the rhythm in these three dialogues.

1 A Are you coming home for dinner tonight? b No. fm going out with my friends.

2 A What are you going to do in the summer?b we re going to rent a house with my sister and her husband.

3 a do you think they'll have children soon?b ı don’t think so. Not for a few years anyway.

b Practice them with a partner. Copy the rhythm.

c Ask and answer the questions below. Give as much information as possible.

ARE YOU...?• having dinner with your family tonight• or is anyone in your family getting married soon• doing something with a family member this week• visiting a relative this weekend

ARE YOU GOING TO...?• have a new nephew or niece soon• have a big family get-together soon• go on vacation with your family this year• buy a present for a member of your family this month

DO YOU THINK...?• the number of people getting divorced will go up or down in the future• the birthrate will go up or down in your country• anyone in your family will live to be 90 or more• you will move away from (or back to) the area where your family lives

4 1 22>)) S O N G Our House

Online Practice ■ IB 9

5 R E A D IN G

a W hich do you think has more advantages, being an only child, or having brothers and sisters? Why?

b Work in pairs. A read The Younger Brother,B read The Only Child.

c Tell your partner about 1 and 2 below. Whose childhood sounds happier?

1 other family members who are mentioned2 how the writer’s experience as a child

affects him / her now

d Look at the highlighted words in the two texts. Try to figure out their meaning from the context. Then match them with definitions 1-12.

1 ____________ adj ill2 ____________ it’s no surprise that3 ____________ noun competition between

two people4 ____________ noun the time when you were

a child5 ____________ norm a meeting of people,

e.g., family6 ____________ norm people who are fully

grown7 ____________ adj knowing about or being

conscious of something8 ____________ noun a school where children

can live during the year9 ____________ verb think that somebody or

something is important10 ____________ verb divided something

between two or more people11 _____________verb try to hurt somebody else12 ____________ noun a group of friends

m each otherWhen brothers and sisters get older they value each other more.Use each other to talk about an action between two people or groups of people, e.g., I don’t get along very well with my father. We don't understand each other.

e Talk to a partner. Do you have brothers and sisters, or are you an only child? Do you feel positive or negative about it?

10 IB

THE YOUNGER BROTHER NOVELIST TIM LOTTRivalry between brothers is normal, but there was a special reason for the tension between us. 1 was very ill when I was born, and spent three months in the hospital with my mother. My brother did not see her at all during that time because he went to stay with an aunt. When our mother returned home, it was with a sick newborn baby who took all the attention.No wonder he haled me (although if you ask Jeff, he will say that he didn’t - we remember things differently).

My brother and I were completely different. We shared the same bedroom, but he was neat, and 1 was really messy.He was responsible; I was rebellious. He was sensible; I was emotional. I don’t have any positive memories of our childhood together, though there must have been good moments. Je ff says we used to play “Cowboys and Indians,” but I only remember him trying to suffocate me under the bedcovers.

My relationship with Je ff has influenced my attitude toward my own four daughters. If the girls fight, I always think that the younger child is innocent. But the good news about brothers and sisters is that when they get older, they value each other more. Je ff is now one of my best friends, and I like and admire him greatly. For better or for worse, we share a whole history. It is the longest relationship in my life.Adapted from T he T im es

THE ONLY CHILD JOURNALIST SARAH LEEI went to boarding school when 1 was seven, and the hardest thing I found was making friends. Because I was an only child, I just didn’t know how to do it. The thing is that when you’re an only child, you spend a lot of your time with adults, and you're often the only child in a gathering of adults. Your parents go on living more or less the way they have always lived, only now you are there, too.

I found being an only child interesting because it gave me a view of the world of adults that children in a big family might not get. And I know it has, at least partly, made me the kind of person I am - 1 never like being one of a group, for example. I f I have to be in a group, I will always try to go off and do something on my own, or be with just one other person — I’m not comfortable with being one of a gang.

My parents are divorced now and my mother lives in the US and my father in the UK. I feel very responsible for them - I feel responsible for their happiness. I ’m the closest relative in the world to each of them, and I am very aware of tiiat.

Adapted from T he G uard ian

Younger brother only child?

6 V O C A B U L A R Yadjectives of personality

a Without looking back at The Younger Brother text, can you remember who was neat, responsible, and sensible and who was messy, rebellious, and em otional? Do you know what the adjectives mean? Would you use any of them to describe yourself?

b > - p.153 Vocabulary Bank Personality

c Write down the first three adjectives of personality that come into your head. Don't show them to your partner. Now go to > - Communication Personality p.108.

7 P R O N U N C IA T IO Nword stress, adjective endings

a 1 26))) Underline the stressed syllable in these mulitsyllable adjectives. Listen and check.

1 jea lous an xious am bi tious ge ne rous re bell ious

2 so cia ble re li a ble

3 re spon si ble sen si ble

4 com pe ti five tal ka five a ggre ssive sen si tive

5 un friend ly in se cure im pa tient i mma ture

b Listen again and answer the questions.

1 Is -ous pronounced /aus/ or /as/?2 Is -ab le pronounced bb\l or /eibl/?3 Is -ib le pronounced /obi/ or /ibl/?4 Is -ive pronounced /ov/ or /iv/?5 Are -ous / -ab le / -ib le / -ive stressed?6 Are un- / in- / im - stressed?


a

b

W hat’s your position in the family?Are you the oldest child, a middle child, the youngest child, or an only child?

1 27))) Look at the cover o f Linda Blair’s book. Now listen to a journalist talking about it on a radio program. Complete the chart by writing four more adjectives of personality in each column.

Oldest children Middle children Youngest children Only children I

sensible relaxed outgoing self-confident

c Compare with a partner. Then listen to the four sections one by one. Check your answers. What reasons or examples does the journalist give?

d Look at the completed chart above. In pairs, say...

...if you th ink it is true fo r you - and if not, why not?

...if you th ink it is true fo r other people you know (your brothers and sisters, friends, etc.)

9 W R IT IN G

> - p.113 Writing A description o f a person . Write a description of a friend you know well.

Online Practice IB 11

Practical Engli Meeting the parents

■ < IN T R O D U C T IO N

a Look at the photos. Describe Jenny and Rob.

b 1 28)}) Watch or listen to Jenny and Rob talking. Fill in the blanks.

Jenny Zielinski and Rob Walker work for a 1 called New York24seven. She’s American, and he's2__________ . Rob came to New York a few 3__________ago. He had met Jenny when she went to 4__________ ona work trip. They got along very well, and he was offered ajob for a month in 5__________ . Later he was offered a6__________ job. Jenny helped R o b 7___________anapartment, and they are enjoying life in the US, although Rob misses his friends and 8__________ .

O American and British Englishapartment = American English fla t = British English

■ < R EA C TIN G TO W H A T PEOPLE SAY

a 1 29))) Watch or listen to Jenny introducing Rob to her parents. What bad news does Rob have for Jenny? What good news does Jenny have for her parents?

o American and British Englishmom = American English mum = British English

b Watch or listen again and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Correct the F sentences.

1 Rob left the chocolates at the office.2 Rob’s desk is usually very neat.3 It's the second time that Rob has met Jenny's parents.4 Sally has prepared a big dinner.5 jenny’s new job is managing director.6 jenny is going to be Rob's manager.

12

c 1 30))) Look at some extracts from the conversation. Can you remember any o f the missing words? Watch or listen and check.

1 Jenny Don’t forget the chocolates.Rob OK. Oh,________ !Jenny I don’t ________ it. Don't tell me you

forgot them?Rob I think they’re still on my desk.Jenny ________ kidding.

2 Jenny Mom, I’m really sorry - we boughtyou some chocolates, but we left them at the office.

Sally What a _________._________mind.

3 Jenny But I also have some good news.Sally ________ ? What’s that?

4 Sally So you’ve got a promotion?_______fantastic!

Harry That’s great________ !

5 Sally Let’s go and have dinner.Jenny What a ________ idea!

d 1 31))) Watch or listen and repeat thephrases in the chart below. Copy the rhythm and intonation.REACTING TO WHAT PEOPLE SAY

What you say when you hear...

something surprising You’re kidding.1 don’t believe it.

something interesting Really?

some good news How fantastic! That’s great news! What a great idea!

some bad news Oh, no! What a pity. Never mind.

O How + adjective, What + nounWe often use How + adjective or What + noun to respond to what people say.How interesting! How awful! How amazing!What a pity! What a good idea! What terrible news!

3 ■ < H A R R Y F IN D S O U T M O R E A B O U T ROB

a 1 32))) Watch or listen to the after-dinner conversation. Does the evening end well or badly?

b Watch or listen again and answer the questions.

1 What school did Jenny go to?2 Is Harry impressed by Rob’s job? Why (not)?3 What does Harry like doing in his free time?4 Who are most of the photos in the dining room of?5 Who are Miles Davis, John Coltrane, and Wynton Marsalis?6 What surprises Harry about Rob?

c Look at the Social English phrases. Can you remember any of the missing words?

Social English phrases

Harry How do you______ your career?Rob N ot______ . I’m more of a writer.Rob Oh, you know, interviews, reviews,_______like that...Rob I_______, I like photography.Harry That’s ______ most of them are of Jenny.Harry How_______!Rob Well, he's a really nice_______.Harry Go_______, son!

e Practice the dialogues in c with a partner.

f mm V Communication How awful! How fantastic! A p.104 B p.109.

d 1 33))) Watch or listen and complete the phrases.

e Watch or listen again and repeat the phrases. How do you say them in your language?

^ Can you...?

react to good news, bad news, unexpected news, and interesting news

introduce yourself and other people

use phrases that give you time to think, e.g., you know, I mean, etc.

Online Practice 13

G present perfect and simple past V money P the le tte r o

2A Spend or save?

Have youpaid the phone

bill yet?

1 V O C A B U L A R Y money

a 1 34))) Listen to a song about money. Fill in the blanks with phrases A -G .

A a material world B comes with a feeC foot the bill D for free E paper or plastic F shopping sprees G with money

b Listen again and read the lyrics. Which phrase (A -G ) means...?

1 rich2 cash or credit cards3 you have to pay for it4 pay the bill5 that you don’t have to pay for6 buying a lot of things at one time7 a consumer society

c W hat do you think the song is saying? Do you think it is ...?

• very cynical• sad, but sometimes true• offensive to women (and men)

d > • p.154 Vocabulary Bank Money.

G irls don’t like boys, girls like cars and money

Boys w ill laugh at girls when they’re no t funny

D on’t m atter

She’ll have it

Vacations

And 4____

These are a few

O f her favorite things

She’ll get w hat she wants

If she’s w illing to please

His type o f girl

Always 5____

Hey, now, the re ’s nothing

Girls don’t like boys, girls like cars and money

Boys w ill laugh at girls when they’re no t funny

And these girls like these boys like these boys like these girls

The girls w ith the bodies like boys w ith Ferraris

G irls don’t like boys, girls like cars and money

Educated, 1____

He’s well-dressed

N o t funny

And not much to say in

Most conversations

But he’ll 2____ in

A ll situations

’Cause he pays fo r everything

A ll o f these boys, yeah get all o f these girls

Losing th e ir souls in 7____

14

Yes, I paid it yesterday

2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N the letter o

a Can you remember which word rhymes with money in the song Girls & Boys?

b Look at some more words with the letter o. Put them in the correct column.

clothes dollar done honest loan money go nothing owe shopping some sold won

d Look at some words with the letters or. How is or usually pronounced when it’s stressed? Which two are different?

afford order worth organized mortgage store work

e 1 39))) Listen and check.

f Practice saying these sentences.

Let's go shopping for clothes.Can I borrow some money?He won a million dollars.They can’t afford to pay the mortgage.I work in a store.I've done nothing wrong.

3 R E A D IN G & S P E A K IN G

a Read the questionnaire and choose your answers,

b Compare your answers with a partner. Say why.

c > - Communication Spender or saver? p.108. Find out if you are a spender or a saver.

4 L IS T E N IN G

a 1 40))) Listen to six people answering the question Are you a spender or a saver? How many are savers?

b Listen again and match speakers 1 -6 with A-F. W ho.. .?

A Q always has money in the bank B [_I often ends up with no moneyC □ thinks he/she is careful with money, but not cheapD [_] enjoys spending money on his / her hobbyE can save money if he / she needs to F L J prefers to live now than worry about the future

ARE YOU A SPENDER OR A SAVER?1 You go shopping and you see som ething very

expensive th a t you really w ant, but can’t afford. You...

a buy i t w ith your c red it card. You can w o rry about the bill next month.

b already have some money in the bank and plan to save fo r a couple o f weeks and then buy the thing you want.

c b o rro w the money and agree to pay back a small am ount every week.

2 You get $100 fo r your birthday. You...

a spend some o f i t and save some, b go straight to a shopping mall and spend it all. c put all o f i t in your bank account until you know what

you want to spend it on.

3 Do you always know how much m oney you have, how much m oney you have spent, and on what?

a Yes. I'm very organized and know exactly what I have and what I've spent.

b No. I have no idea. W hen I have money, I usually just spend it.

c I usually have a rough idea about w hat I spend my money on.

4 You borrow ed some m oney from a friend, but you don’t th ink th a t you’ll be able to pay it back by the tim e you prom ised to. You...

a don 't w o rry about it. Hopefully your friend w ill forget about it, too !

b figure o u t how much money you have and how much you owe. You speak to you r friend and explain the situation and o ffe r to pay the money back in small installments.

c ta lk to your friend and promise tha t you'll pay him / her back, but i t m ight take a litt le longer than you f irs t thought.

5 You have a friend who often borrows m oney fro m you and never pays you back. H e / She wants to borrow $50. You...

a lend him / her the money. You can afford it, and it doesn't m a tte r if you don 't get it back,

b say no; he / she owes you to o much already, c lend the money, but explain tha t i t is the last time,

until he / she has paid back this loan.


c 1 38))) Listen and check.

5 G R A M M A R present perfect and simple past

a Read the conversation. W hat are they arguing about?

b 1 4 1 ))) Read the conversation again, and put the verbs in the present perfect or the simple past. Then listen and check.

c Do we use the present perfect (PP) or simple past (S P)...?

1 for a completed action in the past ______2 for recent actions when we don't ask / say exactly when ___

d > - p.134 Grammar Bank 2A. Learn more about the present perfect and simple past, and practice them.

e In pairs, interview each other with the questions. Ask for more information.

HAVE YOU EVER..• bought or sold something on

eBay or a similar site

• lost a credit card or your wallet

• saved for something for a long time

• wasted money on something you've never used

• won any money (e.g., in a lottery)

• lent money to someone who didn't pay you back

• bought something online and then discovered tha t it was a scam

• been charged too much in a restaurant

Howmuch?

/ What happened?

16 2A

When?

What?

Have you ever bought or sold something on eBay?

Yes, I sold my old computer.

Who did you sell it to? How much did you sell it for?

David 11haven’t seen (see) those shoes before. Are they new?Kate Yes. 12__________________ (just buy) them. Do you like them?D They're OK. How much3____________they____________ (cost)?K Oh, not much. They4______________ (be) a bargain. Under $100.D You mean $99.99. That isn’t cheap for a pair o f shoes.

Anyway, we can’t afford to buy new clothes right now.K Why not?D 5____________________ you____________________ (see) this?K No. What is it?D The phone bill. I t 6_____________________ (come) this morning.

And w e7____________________ (not pay) the electricity bill yet.K Well, what about the iPad you8______________ (buy) last week?D What about it?K You9_____________________ (not need) a new one. The old one

10__________________________________ (work) just fine.D But 111______________________________(need) the new model.K Well, 112___________________________ (need) some new shoes.


a In pairs, answer the questions. Give as much information as you can.

1 Think of two people you know personally or have heard of who are very rich. Did they...? a earn their money (how?)b inherit their money (who from?) c win it (how?)

2 I f they earned their money, was it because...? a they were very luckyb they worked very hard c they had a special talent

b Now read an interview with a billionaire. How did he become so rich? Why is his success surprising? What does he do to help homeless people?

c Now read the interview again and number the events in the order in which they happened.

A L?| He was homeless again.B [_I He delivered newspapers.C Ld At1 investor didn’t give him the money he

had promised him.D [_] He sold encyclopedias from door-to-door.E Q He left his wife.F [_] He was homeless.G \T\ He sold Christmas cards from door-to-door. H Q He started a hair product company with $700. 1 Ld He was able to pay his bills on time.

d What do you think you can learn from John’s story?

e Look at the highlighted words and phrases related to money and business. With a partner, try to figure out the meanings from context.

f Complete the questions with one o f thehighlighted words and phrases. Then ask and answer the questions with a partner.

1 What brand of hair product do you use? How long have you used it?

2 Do you know anybody who sells encyclopedias orother products_______ ? What does he / she sell?Does he / she enjoy his/ her job?

3 If you needed a_______ to lend you money tostart a business, who would you ask? Why?

4 Have you ever experienced______from a boss,a teacher, etc.? How did you feel?

5 Do you know anybody who has tried to succeed in a difficult career (like acting), butwho hasn’t ______yet? Is he / she still trying,or has he / she given up?

FROM THE STREETS TO SUCCESS!John DeJoria, an American billionaire businessman, owns several companies, including John Paul Mitchell Systems, a successful brand of hair products. However, DeJoria was not always wealthy. He was the second son of immigrant parents and grew up in a very poor area of Los Angeles, California. Before forming his hair product company with only $700, he was a street gang member for some of his youth, he then worked at low-paying jobs including encyclopedia salesman, janitor, and insurance salesman, and he was homeless twice. DeJoria's selfmade rise is an inspiring story.

As a child, you were fairly entrepreneurial, weren’t you?My first job, at 9 years old, was selling Christmas cards door-to- door. At 10 years old, my brother and I had paper routes. We got up at 4 o’clock a.m., folded the papers, and delivered them, and then got ready for school.

As you got older, you continued to work. Is that right?The job that was one of the most influential experiences you can imagine was door-to-door selling encyclopedias. Doors literally slam in your face— maybe 30, 40 doors before the first customer will actually talk to you and let you in.

You’ve been homeless, haven’t you?Twice. Once, when I was about 22 years old. The other time was when I started John Paul Mitchell Systems in 1980. I wasn't getting along with my wife at the time. So I had left and had given her all the money. We had a backer for John Paul Mitchell Systems putting in a half-million dollars. That money was supposed to arrive that day. I never got a penny. So I just slept in my car. And I slept in my car for the first two weeks when I started the company. So we started with humble beginnings.

Do memories of the streets motivate you?It sure makes you very appreciative of what you have in your life. Those who are homeless— like people with kids who are homeless— I really have a heart for. So I participate in a lot of charitable organizations that take the homeless off the streets.

What are the biggest problems you’ve faced in business?The biggest problem is rejection. Any business you start, be ready for it. The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people do all the things the unsuccessful people don’t want to do. When 10 doors are slammed in your face, go to door number 1 1 , with a smile.

When did you know you had made it?I was in business two years, and we were able to pay every

single bill on time. We had a couple of thousand dollars in the bank— $4,000, to be exact. And we said, “ Man we made it; it ’s all downhill now.” It was really hard.It took a couple years.

What was the first thing you bought yourself at that point?

I went to a restaurant. This is the first time I said I’m going to order off the left side of the menu, not the right side. The right side is where the prices are. Carne asada, guacamole, whatever I wanted.I didn't even look at the prices. That, to me, was a pretty big deal.


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G present perfect + fo r / since, present perfect continuous V strong adjectives: exhausted, amazed, etc.P sentence stress, stress on strong adjectives

How long have you been working here?

2B Changing livesFora

longtime! Since 2001.

1 L IS T E N IN G

a Look at the photos. Where do you think they were taken? What can you see in each photo?

b 1 4 5 ))) You are going to listen to aninterview with Jane, talking about a trip she took in 2008. Listen to P a rt 1. Where did she go? What did she decide to do after the trip?

c Listen again. W hat does Jane say about:

1 her normal job2 the vacation to Uganda3 what happened when the lorry broke down4 the condition of the school5 the children6 what the headmaster asked her for

18

Glossaryholiday BritE for vacation lorry BritE for truck headmaster BritE for principal

d 1 46))) Now listen to P a rt 2 . Correct the wrong informationin these sentences.

1 Jane’s son chose the name Adelante Africa, which means “Go forward, Africa” in Spanish.

2 The new school opened in 2012.3 Today the school has 75 children.4 Adelante Africa has also been trying to improve the

children's English.5 They are building a home for the teachers.6 Two of Jane's children have been helping in Uganda.7 (ane says the school has changed children’s lives because it has

given them an education.8 Jane thinks that she gives more than she gets.9 The website has a video jane's daughter took of her teaching

the children.

e Compare your answers with a partner. Then listen again to check.

f Do you know anybody like jane who does a lot o f work for acharity? What do they do?

2 G R A M M A R present perfect + for/since, present perfect continuous

a Match the questions and answers.

1 How long has Jane been a writer?____2 How long has Adelaide Africa had a website?____3 How long has she been working for Adelaide Africa?

A Since 2008.B For about 22 years. C For four years.

b Answer with a partner.

1 Are the three questions and answers in a about... ? a a period of time in the pastb a period o f time from the past until now' c a period o f time in the present

2 What’s the difference in form between the first two questions and question 3?

c > - p.135 Grammar Bank 2B. Learn more about the present perfect with f o r / since and the present perfect continuous, and practice them.


a 1 49 >)) Listen once and try to write down the stressed words in the large pink rectangles.

?

? b Compare circles with a partner. Ask your partner at least three questions about the things he or she has written. One question must be How long have y o u ...?

4 S P E A K IN G

a Look at the circles, and write something in as many as you can.

b Look at the stressed words and try to remember what the unstressed words are. Then listen again to check and write them in.

c Listen again and repeat the sentences. Copy the rhythm.

d 1 50))) Listen and make questions.

It's snowing.

How long have you been using Twitter?

Do you write things on it or do you just read other people's tweets?

For about a year.

Why did you buy a Nissan Juke?

Because it's small, and it ’s very “green/'

How long have you had it?

Online Practice 2B 19

How long learning

French ?

2

3

4

5

6

How long has it been snowing?

5 R E A D IN G & L IS T E N IN G

a In your country are there charity events to raise money for a good cause? Have you ever taken part in one? W hat did you do? How much money did you raise?

b You’re going to read an article about Helen Skelton, who agreed to kayak down the Amazon for charity. Read the introduction and answer the questions.

1 What did Helen do last year for charity?2 What is she hoping to do this year?3 What is dangerous about the trip?4 What experience does she have?

c Before you read the texts of Helen’s first three phone calls, imagine what kinds o f problems you think she had on her trip. Then read and check. Were you right?

d 151))) Read Phone calls 1 -3 again and fill in the blanks with the correct word. Then listen and check.

1 a in front b behind c back2 a freezing b hot c boiling3 a exhausted b angry c lost4 a down b up c over5 a long b wide c short6 a ice cream b coffee c chocolate7 a sleep b paddle c rest8 a boring b interesting c worrying9 a being b feel c feeling

10 a sick b well c hard

e 1 52))) Now listen to the rest o f Helen's trip down the Amazon. Did she manage to finish?

f Listen again. Then answer the questions.

Phone call 41 Why hasn't she had any music for three days?2 What does she do to pass the time?3 Why didn't she celebrate reaching the halfway point?

Phone call 54 What have been driving her crazy this week?5 What wildlife has she seen?6 Why is she starting to feel a little sad?

The 6 :0 0 news7 How many miles did she do altogether?8 How long did the trip take?9 What did Helen miss?

10 What is the first thing she is going to do when she gets home?

g Tell your partner about an adventure sport you've done or an exciting experience you’ve had. Was it a positive experience? Why (not)? How did you feel?

T V host’s AmazonH elen Skelton hopes to b ecom e the first w o m an to kayak dow n the A m azon River.

Helen Skelton is a 26-year-old TV host of Blue Peter, a show for young people. She has never been afraid of a challenge. Last year, she became the second woman to complete the 78-mile Ultra Marathon in Namibia, running the three consecutive marathons in 23 hours and 50 minutes. But when Blue Peter decided to do something to raise money for the charity Sports Relief (which sponsors projects around the world), Skelton said that she wanted an even bigger challenge. So they suggested that she kayak 1,998 miles down the Amazon from Nauta in Peru to Almeirim in Brazil.

This is a very risky trip. There are no roads and no towns, only rainforest and the river (which is sometimes more than 24 miles wide and infested with crocodiles). If she gets sick, it will take around 11 hours to fly her to a hospital.

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Phone call 1£ £ Everything went wrong. I only managed half

a day on Wednesday, the first day, and onThursday we started late, so I'm already 1____ ;.I've been suffering from the heat. It's absolutely2____ , and the humidity is 100% at lunchtime.I went the wrong way, and I had to paddle againstthe current. I was 3____ ! They asked me, ‘Do youwant to give 4____ ?' but I said, ‘No!' Because I'vealso been having a wonderful time! There are pink dolphins - pink, not gray - that come close to the boat. I think that if I can do 62 miles a day, trten I can make it.

challenge

Helen has only been kayaking once before in her life, so she has been training four hours a day. Last week, she arrived at the Amazon in Peru. After two days of kayaking, she made the first of her phone calls.

P h o n e c a l l 2

66 I’ve been on the Amazon tor a week now, and I've been paddling for six out of the

seven days. The river is incredibly5____ ,and it's very hard to paddle in a straight line. The water is so brown that I can't see my paddle once it goes under the surface. Itlooks like melted 6____ . I start at 5:30 in themorning, and 1 7____ for at least 10 hours,from 5:30 a.m. until dark, with only a short break for lunch. My hands have been giving me problems - I have big blisters. I now have them bandaged in white tape.

I'm usually on the water for at least 10 hours;it's8___ at times, and exciting at others. I listento music on my iPod. I've been listening to Don’t Stop Me Now by Queen to inspire me!

6 V O C A B U L A R Y & P R O N U N C IA T IO Nstrong adjectives

p Strong adjectivesSome adjectives have a strong meaning, e.g.,I had to paddle against the current. I was exhausted! (= very tired)Ive had a fantastic time! (= very good)With strong adjectives you can use absolutely or really, but NOT very. I’ve been suffering from the heat. It's absolutely boiling. NOT very-boiling.

a Complete the sentences with a regular adjective.

1 A Was Lisa's father angry about the car?B Yes, he was furious!

2 A Is Oliver’s apartment______ ?B Yes, it's really tiny - just a bedroom and a living room.

3 A Are you______ of flying?B Yes, I'm terrified! I never fly anywhere.

4 A Was the food______ ?B Yes, it was delicious.

5 A Are you very______ ?B I’m starving! I haven’t eaten all day.

6 A Is your parents' house______ ?B It’s enormous. It has seven bedrooms.

7 A Was i t______ in Moscow?B It was freezing! Minus 20 degrees.

8 A Was Jack's kitchen______ ?B It was filthy. It took us three hours to clean it.

9 A Are your parents______ about the wedding?B They’re excited. In fact, they want to pay for everything!

10 A Was the movie______ ?B It was hilarious. We laughed all the way through.

11 A Are you______ you locked the door?B I'm positive. I remember turning the key.

12 A Were you______ to hear that Ted is getting married?B I was absolutely amazed! I never thought it would happen.

b 1 53))) Listen and check. How are the strong adjectives pronounced? Practice the dialogues in pairs.

c > - Communication Are you hungry? A p.104 B p.109.

d Ask and answer with a partner. Ask for more information.

1 Have you ever been swimming in a place where the water was absolutely freezing?

2 Is there anything that makes you furious about car drivers or bike riders in your country?

3 Are there any animals or insects that you're terrified of?4 What’s the most delicious meal you’ve had recently?5 Is there a comedian or a comedy series on TV in your country that

you think is absolutely hilarious?

7 W R IT IN G

> - p.114 Writing An informal email. Write an informal email to thank somebody you have been staying with and to tell him or her what you have been doing recently.


GUYANA

Almeirim

B R A Z I L

P h o n e c a l l 3

I haven't been 9____ very well this week.The problem is heat exhaustion. They

say it’s because I haven't been drinking enough water. I've been traveling 62 miles a day, which is my target. But yesterday after52 miles, I was feeling 10____ , and my headwas aching, and I had to stop and rest.

1&2 Review and Check

G R A M M A R

(Chxle)a, b, or c.

1 My sister______ fish or seafood.a doesn't like b don't like c doesn't likes

2 I have a quick breakfast because______ in a hurry.a I usually b I usually am c I’m usually

3 I ______ TV when I’m having a meal.a never watch b don’t never watch c am never watching

4 I usually drink a lot of diet soda, hut right now to cut down.a I try b I'm trying c I’m triing

5 ______ any brothers or sisters?a Are you having b Are you have c Do you have

6 W hat______ when you graduate from school?a you are going to do b are you going doc are you going to do

7 I can’t see you this evening because______ somefriends.a I'm meeting b I meet c I’ll meet

8 A Would you like something to drink?B Yes,______ some orange juice, please.a I have b I'm having c I’ll have

9 A I can’t open this jar.B ______ help you.a I'll b I’m c I'd

10 That's a pretty dress. Where______ it?a have you bought b did you buyc did you bought

11 ______ good at saving money.a I've never been b I haven't never been c I’ve never

12 I got $50 for my birthday, but I ______ .a didn’t spend it vet b haven’t spent it yet c yet I haven't spent it

13 I've had this computer______ .a for about three years b since about three years c for about three years ago

14 A How long______ in Paris?B Since last March.a is he living b has he living c has he been living

15 ______ the same gym for five years.a I'm going to b I've been going to c I go to

V O C A B U L A R Y

a (.Circle)the word that is different.

1 shrimp mussels duck squid2 lamb crab beef pork3 cherry pear peach beet4 raspberry cucumber pepper cabbagi5 fried baked chicken roast

b Write the opposite adjective.

1 honest ______ 4 hardworking ______2 cheap ______ 5 quiet ______3 selfish ______

c Write verbs for the definitions.

1 to spend money on something that is not necessary______2 to receive money from somebody who has died ______3 to get money by working4 to get money from somebody that you will pay back______5 to keep money so that you can use it later ______

d Write the strong adjectives.

1 tired ______ 3 cold ______ 5 angry______2 hungry ______ 4 d irty ______

e Complete the phrasal verbs.

1 Let’s eat______ tonight. I don't feel like cooking.2 I’m allergic to milk, so I have to cu t______ dairy

products from my diet.3 We live______ my salary. My wife is unemployed.4 I'll lend you the money if you promise to pay me_____ .5 I took $ 2 0 0 ______ of my bank account.

P R O N U N C IA T IO N

(Circle)the word with a different sound.

1 ( j ) peach steak beef steamed

21 money shop positive honest

3 ® roast sociable owe account

4 i filthy bill tiny chicken

5 afford pork worth organized

b Underline the stressed syllable.

1 sal mon 3 i mma ture 5 sen si ble2 in vest 4 de li cious

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C A N Y O U U N D E R S T A N D T H IS T E X T ?

a Read the article once. When did Bill Morgan's luck change?

When bad luck becomes good luck!You’ve had a lo t o f bad luck in the past—a bad accident and some frightening health problems. Does that keep you from doing things in the future that involve luck, like buying a lottery ticket?

Anyone who has bought a ticket for the $500-million US Powerball jackpot can only dream of having as much luck as Australian truck driver Bill Morgan. In

case you've never heard of Bill Morgan, his story actually begins with some very bad luck. First, he was almost crushed to death by a truck accident at work. The accident did not kill him, but it did leave Bill with a heart condition. When he was given medication for the heart condition, Bill had an allergic reaction that caused a powerful heart attack, which left him clinically dead for 14 minutes. After being revived by doctors, Morgan slipped into a coma for 12 days. During this time, his family was advised to unplug his life support system not once, but twice. Bill's luck began to change when he unexpectedly woke up from the coma without any permanent damage. Bill's bad luck was ending and his heartwarming story was just beginning.

After getting better, the 37-year-old Morgan found a new, higher-paying job, and asked his long-time girlfriend, Lisa Wells, to marry him. Lisa said yes. A week later, Morgan bought a scratch-off lottery ticket at his local newsstand.Bill scratched the ticket off and realized he had just won a brand new car! A local TV news station was so amazed by Bill's story that they sent a crew to do a human interest story on Bill and his lucky streak. The news crew thought it would be fun to re-create Bill's buying and scratching off the ticket right on camera. No one could have predicted what happened next. The ticket Bill bought for the re-enactment ended up being a $250,000 winner! And the best part is, it all happened on live TV (almost causing another heart attack).

b Read the article again. Mark the sentences T (true),F (false), or D S (doesn't say).

1 Bill had a dream about winning the lottery.2 Bill's heart condition was caused by the accident.3 Bill was in a coma for 14 days.4 Bill's new job was in an office.5 The news crew bought Bill’s lottery ticket for the

re-enactment.6 Winning $250,000 did not cause Bill to have another

heart attack.

c Choose five new words or phrases from the article. Check their meaning and pronunciation, and try to learn them.

VIDEOC A N Y O U U N D E R S T A N D T H E S E PEOPLE?

1 54))) O n the street Watch or listen to five people and answer the questions.

Max Andrew Samantha Zenobia Skylar

1 Max says he______ .a often made brownies for his sister in the past b doesn’t mind sharing his brownies with friends who

are also feeling down c hasn't eaten brownies in a long time

2 Andrew likes Asian restaurants because______ .a he doesn't like cookingb it's cheaper than eating at home c he can't cook that type of food at home

3 Samantha and her brother______ .a talk to each other a lot b don't like each other at all c don't like each other as much after spending a lot of

time together4 Zenobia buys a bag______ .

a if it’s cheaper than usual b every three months c if she needs a new one

5 Skylar took part in a charity event______ .a when she was 15 b for people who are sick with cancer c that raised money for captains

C A N Y O U S A Y T H IS IN EN G LIS H ?

Do the tasks with a partner. Check ( / ) the box if you can do them.

Can you...?1 describe your diet and the typical diet in your

country, and say how it is changing2 □ agree or disagree with the following statement, and

say why: Ourfavorite fo o d is usually something we liked when we were children.

3 □ describe members of your family, saying what theylook like and what they are like

4 __] describe some of your plans and predictions for thefuture (e.g., your education, your family life)

5 □ ask and answer the following questions:• Have you ever won any money? How much did you

win? What did you do with it?• How long have you been learning English?

Where did you first start learning?

GOODWILLINDUSTRIESHF1D ATUPnr

VIDEOShort movies Goodwill Industries Watch and enjoy the movie.

23

G comparatives and superlatives V transportation P /J/, /d3/, and /tJ7, linking

Race across Miami

What’s the best way to get around New York

City?

Probably the subway although

taxis are more comfortable.

1 V O C A B U L A R Y & S P E A K IN Gtransportation

a In pairs, can you think o f four different forms of public transportation in towns and cities in your country?

b > - p.155 Vocabulary Bank Transportation.

2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N /J/, /d3/, and /tJ7

a 2 4))) Look at the pictures. W hat are the words and sounds? Listen and repeat.

adventure bridge catch crash dangerous each rush station traffic jam

c 2 5))) Listen and check. Practice saying the words.

d Look at the words in the columns. W hat are the typical spellings for these sounds? Go to the Sound Bank p.167 and check.

e 2 6))) Listen to the pairs o f words. Can you hear the difference? Practice saying them.

/tJ7 and /d3/1 a cheap b jeep2 a chain b jane3 a choke b joke

/J7 and /tfl4 a ship b chip5 a shoes b choose6 a wash b watch

g 2 8))) Listen and write five sentences.

24


a You are going to read about a race that the car show Top G ear organized across the US state o f Florida. Read the introduction and answer the questions.

1 Where do they have to go from? Where to?2 What are the three methods of transportation?3 Which one do you think will be the fastest? Why?4 In what order do you think the other two will arrive? Why?

On Top Gear, a very popular TV series about cars and driving, they decided to organize a race across Florida to find the

quickest way to cross a busy state. The idea was to start from Miami, in the southwestern part of the tip of Florida, and to

finish the race at the southern-most point of the US, Key West,

a trip of 160 miles. Three possible form s of transportation were chosen: a motorboat, a car, and a combination of

transportation. One of the show’s hosts, Rutledge Wood, took

the motorboat and his colleague Adam Ferrera took the car (a 2010 Lotus Evora). Tanner Foust took different kinds of transportation. His trip involved getting a taxi to the airport

where he flew in a seaplane. Then he rented a scooter.They set o ff from Jones Boat Yard on the Miami River...

What’s the fastest way

b Write three words from the list in each column.

2»7))) Listen andt^ircj^the word you hear.

His trip began in the Miami River. For the first hour there was a speed limit of 7 miles an hour because of the enforced no-wake zone in the river. Once the boat passed through Biscayne Bay and went under the Rickenbacker Bridge, he entered open water. Rutledge increased the boat’s speed to over 90 miles an hour and made up the time he lost on the Miami River. Approximately 60 miles from the finish line, Rutledge was ahead of Adam and Tanner, but he had to stop for gas if he wanted to reach the finish line in Key West. In the 15 minutes it took to refuel the boat, Adam passed Rutledge in the car and took the lead. Once Rutledge was back on the open water, there were a lot of big waves, but he was able to pass Adam near Seven Mile Bridge just outside of Key West. Unfortunately for both Rutledge and Adam, Tanner flew over both of them in the seaplane at about the same time. Now Tanner was in the best position to win. Each racer was only miles from the finish line in Key West. Who would win?

Adam started off OK. He wasn’t driving fast because he was going the speed limit. However, after an hour, Adam decided that he was going too slowly. He increased his speed to 75 miles an hour— 20 miles an hour over the speed limit. As Adam passed through a small town, he was stopped by the police! They were angry that Adam was speeding, and it meant that Adam lost many valuable minutes! Another problem Adam had was that his GPS was programmed to give directions in Spanish instead of English. This made finding his way to Key West difficult. As Adam finally approached Key West, the traffic was getting worse. He was worried about getting stuck so close to the finish line. Only three miles to go...

b Now read about the trips by motorboat and car. Do you still think your predictions in 3a are right?

c Read the two trips again and answer the questions with R (Rutledge) or A (Adam).

W h o ...?1 □ went much faster in the later part o f his trip2 Q] did something illegal3 [_j went more slowly in the later part o f his trip4 Q had to stop for more gas5 I_] couldn’t understand the directions spoken by

the GPS6 ŋ was in the lead for most of the race

d Look at the highlighted verbs and verb phrases. With a partner, figure out their meaning from context.

e 2 9))) Now listen to what happened to Tanner. Follow his route on the map.

f 2 10))) With a partner, write down the order in which you now think the three people arrived. Now listen to what happened. What order did they arrive in?

g > • Communication I’m a tourist - can you help me?A p.104 B p.109.

Glossary1 mile the unit o f distance used in the US and the UK (=1.6 kilometers); 160 miles = 257 kilometers seaplane an airplane that can take off from the water or the land no-wake zone an area of water where boats must travel slowly to avoid making waves

Online Practice ■ 3A 25

Rutledge in the motorboat

Tanner in the seaplane

Adam in the car

4 G R A M M A R comparatives and superlatives 6 L IS T E N IN G

a Read the sentences. Are the highlighted phrases right or wrong? Write a check ( / ) or an X next to them and correct the wrong sentences.

1 □ What's the quicker way to get around Miami?2 I ] Driving is more boring than going by train.3 Q The boat was almost as fast than the hike.4 L J West Hollywood is the same distance from Los Angeles as

South Gate.5 □ There aren’t as much trains as there were before on this line.6 Q It was the more exciting trip I’ve ever taken.7 Ld The worst time of day to travel in New York City is between

7:30 a.m. and 9:30 a.m.8 [ ] Women drive more careful than men.

b > - p.136 Grammar Bank 3A. Learn more about comparatives and superlatives, and practice them.

5 P R O N U N C IA T IO N linking

LinkingWe often link words together in English, especially when we speakfast. We link words:1 when a word ends in a consonant sound and the next word begins

with a vowel sound, e.g., more^exciting2 when a word ends in a consonant sound and the next word begins

with the same consonant sound, e.g., the fastest^train3 when a word ends in /t/ or /d/ and the next word begins with HI or

/d/, e.g., the biggest^dog

a 2 14))) Listen and repeat the sentences. Try to link the marked words and copy the rhythm.

ı Ridings motorcycle j s morejexciting than driving.2 Thefastestjtrairuonly ta k e ^ it jio u c a n o half.3 it's more d iff ic u lty drivq^t night than during the day.4 My father’s worsq^tjdriving than my mother5 The mostjdangerous roadjn my towrljs the freeway.

b Talk to a partner. For each group o f three things compare them using the bold adjective, i.e., for 1 decide which is the most dangerous, and then compare the other two. Say why.

1 dangerous: riding a bike; riding a motorcycle; driving2 easy: learning to drive; learning to ride a bike; learning to ride

a horse3 relaxing: flying; traveling by train; driving4 difficult: sleeping on a train; sleeping in a plane; sleeping

on a bus5 boring: being stuck in a traffic jam; waiting at an airport;

waiting for a busI think riding a bike is the most dangerous because sometimes drivers don’t notice bike riders. Riding a motorcycle is more dangerous than driving.

a Read the text and then talk to a partner.

1 Which of these things do you (or people you know) do when you are driving?

2 Which do you think are the most dangerous? Number them 1-3 (1 = the most dangerous).

3 Which one do you think is the least dangerous?

b 2 15))) Now listen to a safety expert.Number the activities 1-7. Were your topthree right?

c Listen again for more information about each activity and why it is dangerous.

26 3A

Which of these things is the most (and least)

dangerouswhen you're driving a car?A car magazine tested drivers in a driving simulator. The drivers had to drive in the simulator and do the things in the list below.

A E a t in g o r d r in k in g □

A T a lk in g o n a ce l l p h o n e (n o t h a n d s f r e e ) □

A S e t t i n g o r a d ju s t in g a G P S □

A L i s t e n in g t o y o u r f a v o r i t e m u s ic □

A L i s t e n in g t o m u s ic y o u d o n ' t k n o w □

A S e n d in g o f r e c e i v in g t e x t m e s s a g e s □

A D o in g y o u f h a ir o r p u t t i n g o n m a k e u p □

7 S P E A K IN G

a Look at the statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree. Check ( / ) the ones you agree with and put an X next to the ones you disagree with. Think about your reasons.

Slow drivers cause more accidents than fast drivers.

People who drink and drive should lose their driver’s license for life.

Speed cameras do not stop accidents.

Drivers who are over 70 are as dangerous as young drivers.

Bike riders should have to wear helmets.

The minimum age for riding a motorcycle should be 25.

The speed limit on freeways should be lower.

b In groups, give your opinions about each statement. Try to use expressions from the box. Do you agree?

P Agreeing and disagreeingI agree/don’t agree with this.

with Juan.

I th ink/don't think you’re right.that's

I completely/totally agree.disagree.

8 W R IT IN G

> - p.115 Writing An article for a m agazine. Write a magazine article about transportation in your town or city.

9 2 1B«) S O N G 500 M/'iesj:


G articles: a / an, the, no article V collocation: verbs / adjectives + prepositions P bl, sentence stress, Ids/ or Idil?

Do you think women ta lk more

than men?

3B Stereotypes - or are they?Yes, in general

I think they probably do.


a In pairs, answer the questions.

1 Are you a talkative or a quiet person?2 Who is...?

a the most talkative person in your family b the most talkative person you know'

3 Do you think that, generally speaking, women are more talkative than men?

4 What topics do...?a men talk about more than women b women talk about more than men

b Look at the definition of stereotype. Then A read the article Men talkjust as much as women and B read the article Gossip with the girls? Find answers to questions 1-4.

stereotype noun a fixed idea about a particular typeo f person or thing, which is often not true in reality. > - stereotypeverb In advertisem ents, w om en are o ften stereo ty p ed as housewives.

1 What was the stereotype that the researchers wanted to investigate?

2 Where was the research done?3 How was the research done?4 What did the research show?

c In pairs, tell each other about your article, using questions 1 -4 to help you.

d Now read both articles again and look at the highlighted words and phrases, which are commonly used in articles about research. Match them with definitions 1-10.

1 In fact adverb really2 ________ verb make less3 ________ usually do it4 ________ adverb a little bit5 ________ linking word used to connect or contrast

two facts6 ________ verb say that something is true7 ________ as said or shown by somebody8 ________ verb include several different things in

addition to the ones mentioned9 ________ adverb nearly

10 not completely believed, doubted

e Which o f the two pieces o f research do you think is ...?

1 more credible 3 more surprising2 more important

28

Men talk just as much as women -can it really be true?

Research by psychologists at the University of Arizona has shown that the stereotype that women talk more than men may not be true. In

the study, hundreds of college students were fitted with recorders, and the total number of words they used during the day was then counted.The results, published in the New Scientist, showed that women speak about 16,000 words a day and men speak only slightly fewer. In fact, the four most talkative people in the study were all men.Professor Matthias Mehl, who was in charge of the research, said that he and his colleagues had expected to find that women were more talkative.

GOSSIP WITH THEGIRLS? JUST PICK ANY ONE OF FORTY SUBJECTS

Women are experts at gossiping - and they often talk about trivial things, or at least that's what men have always thought. However according to

research done by Professor Petra Boynton, a psychologist at University College London, when women talk to women their conversations are not trivial at all, and cover many more topics (up to 40) than when men talk to other men.

Women's conversations range from health to their houses, from politics to fashion, from movies to family, from education to relationship problems.Almost everything, in fact, except soccer. Men tend to talk about fewer subjects, the most popular being work, sports, jokes, cars, and women.

However, they had been skeptical of the common belief that women use three times as many words as men. This idea became popular after the publication of a book called The Fem ale Brain (2006) whose author, Louann Brizendine, claimed that “a woman uses about 20,000 words per day, whereas a man uses about 7,000.”Professor Mehl accepts that many people will find the results difficult to believe. However, he thinks that this research is important because the stereotype, that women talk too much and men keep quiet, is bad not only for women but also for men. “It says that to be a good male, it’s better not to talk - that silence is golden.”

Professor Boynton interviewed over 1,000 women for her study. She also found that women move quickly from one subject to another in conversation, whereas men usually stick to one subject for longer periods of time.

Professor Boynton also says that men and women talk for different reasons. In social situations, women use conversation to solve problems and reduce stress, while men talk to each other to laugh or to exchange opinions.

2 G R A M M A R articles: a / an, the, no article

a Complete 1 -4 with a / an, the, or - (no article).

1 “Have you heard this joke?____ hamburger and____ French frywalk into a coffee shop.____waitress says, “I'm sorry. We don'tserve____ food here.”

2 “I just read____article on____ Internet about how eating____strawberries makes you look younger..

3 “I’m sure there’s something wrong between us because we nevergo out to ____ dinner or to ____ movies anymore.”

4 “Did you watch____game____ last night? I can’t believe that_____referee didn’t see that it was____ penalty..

b According to the article Gossip with the girls?, who do you think would probably say 1 -4 , a man or a woman?

c p.137 Grammar Bank 3B. Learn more about articles and practice them.

3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N/ə/, sentence stress, /ðə/ or /di/?

a 2 20))) Listen and repeat the sound and words.

a about anniversary complain credible problem talkative usually woman

b 2 21))) Listen and repeat the sentences. Then practice saying them with the /ə/ sound.

ı What are we going to have for lunch to day?2 i'd like to see a good movie to night.3 Please stop complaining about the weather.4 The woman in the kitchen is very talkative.5 There’s a problem with the computer.

c 2 22)}) Listen and underline five phrases where the is pronounced /di/ (not /ðə/). Why does the pronunciation change?

the movies the end the other day the world the sun the Internet the kitchen the answer the Earth

4 S P E A K IN G

Prove that the research in Gossip with the girls? is wrong! Work in pairs or small groups.

If you’re a woman, try to talk for two minutes about:

soccer cars computers

If you’re a man, try to talk for two minutes about:

fashion shopping your family


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a Do you think it is a stereotype that women are better than men at taking care o f small children? Do you know any men who stay at home and take care of their children? How do they manage?

b Look at an illustration based on a new book about taking care o f young children. Can you name some of the things in the picture?

d 2 23))) Listen to two men talking in the park about the book and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false).

1 Miranda is older than Stephen.2 Miranda’s father slept badly the night before.3 Stephen’s father recommends sleeping pills.4 Stephen’s father hasn't read Commando Dad.5 He likes the website because he enjoys reading about

other men’s experiences.6 Stephen’s father really likes the book because it helps

him and makes him laugh.7 In Commando Dad, BT means Baby Trooper and Base

Camp means the kitchen.8 The author of Commando Dad thinks that women are

c Read the beginning o f an article about the book. Why did Neil Sinclair write it? In what way is it different from other books about raising children?

only better than men when the baby is small,

e Listen again and correct the wrong information.

F o r s ix y ea rs N eil S in cla ir served as a commando in th e arm y. He had been in a lot of dangerous situ ation s, but nothing prepared him for th e day when he brought h is f ir s t baby home from th e hospital.“I put th e car seat containing m y tw o-day- old son Sam uel down on th e floor and said to m y w ife, ‘W hat do w e do now ?”

When he le ft th e a rm y Sin cla ir and his wife agreed th a t he would sta y at home and tak e care of the baby, while h is wife w ent back to work.

“I have done a lot of crazy th ings, but when I put th a t baby down I thought: I have a tin y baby, and he is crying. W hat does he w ant? W hat does he need? I did not know. It was one of th e m ost difficult days of my life.”

It was at th at moment th at Sin clair had an idea.“I found m yself th in k in g how much easier life would be if I had a basic tra in in g m anual for m y baby, like the m anual you get when you jo in th e arm y. I realized

Adapted from The Times

th a t somebody needed to w rite such a m anual, and who b etter to w rite it th a n m e? I had been a commando, but I was now a stay-at-hom e dad. I was th e m an for the job.”

His book, Commando Dad: Basic Training, is a set of instructions th a t explains w ith m ilitary precision and diagram s how new fa th ers should approach the firs t th ree y ears of th eir child’s life to become a first-rate father.

f Do you think it’s a good idea to have a book and a website on childcare especially for men?Why (not)?

Glossarycommando noun one of a group of soldiers who are trained to make quick attacks in enemy areasstay-at-home dad noun a man who stays at home and takes care of the children while his wife goes to work

6 S P E A K IN G

a 2 24))) Listen to someone talking about men and women, and fill in the blanks.

“Generally_______, I think women worrymore about their appearance than men.They_______to spend hours choosingwhat to wear, doing their hair, and puttingon makeup. Women are also_______better at making themselves look moreattractive. But I think that in_______ , menare more worried than women about their body image. They feel more insecure about their hair, for instance, especially when they’re going bald.”

b In small groups discuss if the statements about men and women are stereotypes or true. Try to use the highlighted expressions for generalizing from a.

MEN<d?WOMENstereotypes or true?

• Women worry more about their appearance than men.• Women spend more time than men on social networking

sites.• Men talk more about things; women talk more about people.• Men are more interested than women in gadgets like

phones and tablets.• Women are better at multitasking than men.• Men find it more difficult than women to talk to their

friends or family if they have a problem.• Women spend more time than men talking about

celebrities and their lifestyles.• Men are more interested than women in power.• Women are less interested in sports than men.• Men worry more about their health than women.

THE BASICS

Survive the first 24 hours

Prepare and plan to prevent poor parental performance

Maintain morale

Feed, clothe, transport and entertain your troops

l=ROM BIRTH TO 3 /EARSForeword by Dr Jan M ager-Jones MB ChB

7 V O C A B U L A R Ycollocation: verbs / adjectives + prepositions

a Cover the statements above. Can you remember the missing prepositions?

1 Men worry more___their health than women.2 Women are better___multitasking than men.3 Men are more interested than women___power.

b > - p.156 Vocabulary Bank Dependent prepositions.

P When are prepositions stressed?Prepositions are usually only stressed when they are the last word, e.g., in a question. Compare:

we need to ta lk about our vacation.What are you talking about?

Freddie is afraid of flying.What are you afraid of?

c Complete the questions with a preposition.

1 When you're with friends of the same sex, what do you usuallytalk___?

2 Are there any sports or games that you’re good___?3 Is there anything you're really looking forward___?4 Who in your family are you closest___?5 What kind of movies are you interested__ ?6 Are there any animals or insects that you're afraid___?7 What's your town famous___?8 Are there any superstitions that you believe___?

d 2 27))) Listen and check. Then ask and answer the questions with a partner.


Practical Engli A difficult celebrity

ROB’S IN T E R V IE W

a 2 28))) Watch or listen to Rob interviewing Kerri. What is she happy / not happy to talk about?

b Watch or listen again. Mark the sentencesT (true) or F (false). Correct the F sentences.

1 Kerri’s song is about love.2 Kerri plays in a band.3 She used to go out with a member of

the band.4 Only one of her parents was a musician.5 Kerri started playing the guitar when she

was six.6 Her new album is very different from the

previous ones.7 She’s been recording and touring recently.8 She’s going to give a big concert in

New York City.

32

2 ■ < G IV IN G O P IN IO N S

a 2 29))) Watch or listen to the conversation at lunch. What do they disagree about?

b Watch or listen again. Answer the questions.

1 What does Kerri think about...?a the waiters in New York City compared to London b people in New' York City compared to London

2 Who agrees with Kerri? Who disagrees? What do they think?3 Who calls Rob? What about?

VIDEO

c 2 30))) Look at some extracts from the conversation. Can you remember any o f the missing words? Watch or listen and check.

1 Kerri ________ , I th ink people in Londonare a lo t more easygoing. London’s ju s t not as hectic as New York.

Don Sure, we all like peace and quiet.But in m y _________, New York ispossibly... well, no, is defin ite ly the g reatest c ity in the world.Don’t yo u _________?

Kerri To b e _________ , I defin ite ly preferLondon.

Don Come on, Rob. You've lived in both. What do yo u _________ ?

2 Don OK, I_________ , London has itsown peculiar charm. But i f y o u _____me, nothing compares w ith a c ity like New York. The whole world is here!

Kerri But th a t ’s the problem. It’s too big. There are too many people. Everybody’s so stressed out. And nobody has any tim e fo r you.

Jenny I don’t th ink th a t ’s _________ , Kerri.New Yorkers are very friendly.

Kerri O h_________ , they can soundfriendly w ith all th a t “Have a nice day” s tu ff.

d 2 3 1 ))) Watch or listen and repeat the highlighted phrases. Copy the rhythm and intonation.

e Practice the dialogues in c with a partner.

3 ■ < A S U R P R IS E FOR KERRI

a 2 3 2 ))) Watch or listen to the end o f the lunch. Why is Kerri surprised?

O American and British Englishcell phone = American English mobile phone = British English

b Watch or listen again and complete the information.

1 Kerri thinks the waitress is friendly when they leave because Don...

f m m i In small groups, practice givingopinions. Discuss the following sentences.

2 Jenny is worried because she thinks Rob...3 Kerri thinks that the taxi driver is very...

- The best place to live is in a big city.- Riding a bike is the most practical way to

get around big cities.- You only get good service in expensive

restaurants.- It’s irritating when people in stores or

restaurants say Have a nice day!


Social English phrases

Jenny Did yo u _______ w hat you said in the restaurant, Rob?Jenny It’s _______ that... you seemed homesick in there.Rob Oh,_______ on a minute.Rob Our tax i’s com e_______ .Kerri That was s o _______ o f him!



^ Can you...?

interview someone or be interviewed

[ give your opinion about something

agree or disagree w ith o ther people’s opinions

Online Practice 33

G can, could, be able to V -ed / -ing adjectives P sentence stress

Can you speak French?

4A Failure and success

No, I’venever been able

l to learn a foreign language.

1 G R A M M A R can, could, be able toa I f at first you don ’t succeed, try, try, try again is a

well-known saying. What does it mean?

More recently other people have invented different ways o f continuing the saying.W hich one do you like best?

If at firs t you don’t succeed,...give up...blame your parents ...destroy all the evidence th a t you tried ...do it the way your m other to ld you to ...skydiving is no t fo r you

c Look at the definition o f be able to. What other verb is it similar to?

be able to (do something) to have the ability, opportunity, time, etc., to do something: Will you be able to come to the meeting next week?

d Read about three people who have tried (but failed) to learn something, and complete the texts with A -G .

A I was able to B Not being able to C I just wasn’t able to D I will never be able to E I would suddenly be able to F I've always wanted to be able to G we would never be able to

e Read the article again. Why did they have problems? Have they completely given up trying? Have you ever tried to learn something and given up? Why?

f Look at phrases A -G again. What tense or form is be ab le to in each one? What tenses or forms does can have?

g >• p.138 Grammar Bank 4A . Learn more about can, could, and be able to, and practice them.

h > - Communication Guess the sentence A p.105 B p.109.

ive neverbeen able to...

I really wanted to learn. Maybe it was because of that scene in one of the very first James Bond movies, where a beautiful actress comes out of the ocean looking fabulous,

with oxygen tanks on her back - I could see myself looking just like her. So, two years ago I booked a vacation that included a week-long intensive course. On the first day of the course, I was incredibly excited. First, we had two hours of theory, and then we went into the ocean to put it into practice. But as soon as I went under the water, I discoveredthat I suffered from claustrophobia. 1_________ do it. Afterabout half an hour I gave up. Every evening for the rest of my vacation I had to listen to my scuba-diving classmates talking about all the wonderful things they had seen thatday on their diving excursions.2_________ join in theconversation was very frustrating.

I still love swimming and snorkeling, but I think that I have to accept that3_________ scuba dive.

Bea, the US

b

4_________________ dance salsa, and when I was working inEcuador there were free classes, so I joined. But the art o f salsa is to keep your arms still and move your hips, and I just couldn't do it. When I hear music my arms start moving, but my hipsdon't. After about ten hours o f classes 5_________________ dothe basic steps, but I was dancing like a robot! I d idn't give up, but soon everyone in the class was dancing, and I was just slowly moving from side to side and counting out loud “one, two, three, four.” It was a little embarrassing. I was sure that oneday6_________________ do it - but that never happened. I canstill remember the first two steps, and I still try to dance when I hear a salsa tune - as long as nobody is watching!

Sean, Canada

...speak Japaneselove manga - Japanese comics - and I tried to learn Japanese, but I found it incredibly difficult, and I gave up after two years. I think Asian languages, which have symbols instead o f words,

are extremely hard to learn for people who are more used to Roman letters. Also my teacher, a Japanese woman, didn't speak Spanish very well, which didn't help! She was a very charming woman, but she was a little disappointed with us, and you couldsee that she thought tha t7_________________ learn. However,one day she invited us to dinner and gave us some delicious traditional Japanese food, and since then I often go to Japanese restaurants. So I learned to love the food, if not to speak the language!


a 2 36))) Listen and repeat the sentences. Copy the rhythm.

ı i d love to be able to ski.2 w e won’t be able to come.3 iv e never been able to dance.4 s h e hates not be ing able to drive.

b 2 37))) Listen again. Make new sentences with the verbs or verb phrases you hear.

))) I’d love to be able to ski Ride a horse I'd love to be able to ride a horse.

We won’t be able to come. Park We won't be able to park.

3 S P E A K IN Ga Look at the topics. Choose two or three and think

about what you could say for them.

Something you’ve tried to learn, but have never been

able to do well.

Something you learned to do a fte r a lo t o f e ffo rt.

Something you can do, but you'd like to be able to

do better.

Something new th a t you would like to be able to do.

Something you are learning to do and th a t you hope you’ll

soon be able to do well.

Something you th ink all young people should be able to do

before they leave school.

b Work with a partner. Tell him / her about the things you chose in a . Give reasons or explanations for each one.

/’ve never been able to ski and now I don't think lit ever learn. I always wanted to learn, but I don't live near mountains...

Joaquin, ArgentinaOnline Practice 4A 35

4 V O C A B U L A R Y -ed / -ing adjectives

a Look at the photo. Complete the sentences with bored or boring.

1 The movie was_______ .2 The audience was_______ .

P -edand -ing adjectivesMany adjectives for feelings have two possible forms, either ending in -ed or in -ing, e.g., frustrated and frustrating.We use the adjective ending in -ed for the person who has the feeling (I was very frustrated that I couldn't scuba dive). We use the adjective ending in -ing for a person or situation that produces the feeling (/ couldn’t join in the conversation, which was very frustrating).

b Read the information box. Then complete the adjectives with -ed or -ing.

1 What do you think is the most excit___sportto watch?

2 What's the most amaz___scenery you'veever seen?

3 What music do you listen to if you feeldepress___?

4 Have you ever been disappoint___by abirthday present?

5 Which do you find more tir___, speakingEnglish or listening to English?

6 What's the most em barrass___thing that’sever happened to you?

7 Are you scare___ of spiders?8 Do you feel very tir___in the morning?9 Who’s the most bor___person you know?

10 Do you ever get frustrat___by technology?

c 2 38))) Listen and check. Underline the stressed syllable in the adjectives.

d Ask and answer the questions in pairs. Ask for more information.


a Do you know anybody who speaks more than two languages? W hich languages do they speak? How did they learn?

b 2 39))) You are going to read an article about Alex Rawlings, who speaks 11 languages. Before you read, match the languages below with words 1 -11 . Then listen and check.

□□m□

EnglishSpanishAfrikaansCatalan

LH Greek□ Russian LH French□ Italian

□ GermanJ Dutch

□ Hebrew

c Read the article. W hich language(s)...?

1 did he learn as a child2 is he studying in college3 does he like best4 is he planning to learn next5 did he wish he had been able to speak when he was a child6 was the first one he taught himself7 did he find the most difficult

He’s only 20, but he can speak eleven languagesoo<>oc«oo<x>«<x>oooooooooooo<x>ooo<>ooc>oooc->oocK>oooc<i<>o<x>oo<>ooo<>««<x>o<>oo««eoo<>oo<>coooooooooooc><x>ooooooc>oocooooo<><x><>o<>oo<><>ooo<>ooo««o<>o««o

In a competition run by a dictionary publisher, college student Alex Rawlings was named the

most multilingual student.T h e G e rm a n a n d R u s s ia n s tu d e n t , w h o is o n ly 20 y e a r s

o ld , c a n s p e a k 11 la n g u a g e s f lu e n t ly . In a v id e o fo r a n e w s

w e b s ite , he d e m o n s t r a t e d h is s k i l l s by s p e a k in g in a ll o f

th e m , c h a n g in g q u ic k ly f ro m o n e to a n o th e r . R a w lin g s s a id

th a t w in n in g th e c o m p e t it io n w a s “a b it o f a s h o c k . " H e

e x p la in e d , “ I s a w th e c o m p e t it io n a d v e r t is e d , a n d I h e a rd

s o m e th in g a b o u t a f r e e iP a d . 1 n e v e r im a g in e d th a t it w o u ld

g e n e ra te t h is a m o u n t o f m e d ia a t te n t io n .”

A s a c h i ld , R a w lin g s ' m o th e r, w h o is h a lf G re e k , u s e d to

s p e a k to h im in E n g lis h , G re e k , a n d F re n ch , a n d h e o f te n

v is it e d h is fa m ily in G re e c e .

H e s a id th a t h e h a s a lw a y s b e e n in te re s te d in la n g u a g e s .

“ M y d a d w o rk e d in J a p a n fo r fo u r y e a r s , a n d I w a s a lw a y s

f r u s t r a t e d th a t I c o u ld n 't s p e a k to th e k id s b e c a u s e o f th e

la n g u a g e b a r r ie r .” A f te r v is it in g H o lla n d a t th e a g e o f 14 , he

d e c id e d to le a rn D u tch w ith C D s a n d b o o k s . “ W h e n I w en t

b a c k I c o u ld t a lk to p e o p le . It w a s g re a t . ”

H e ta u g h t h im s e lf m a n y o f th e la n g u a g e s w ith “ te a c h

y o u r s e lf ” b o o k s , b u t a ls o by w a tc h in g m o v ie s , l is t e n in g to

m u s ic , a n d t r a v e lin g to th e c o u n t r ie s t h e m s e lv e s .

36 4A

Ad

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d Look at the highlighted words and phrases related to language learning, and figure out their meaning from the context. Then ask and answer the questions with a partner.

1 Can you or anyone in your family speak another language fluently?

2 Do you know any basic phrases in any other languages?

3 Do you have a personal link to another country or language? Why?

4 Have you ever traveled to another country and felt that there was a real language barrier?

5 What other languages would you like to be able to

O f a ll th e la n g u a g e s h e s p e a k s , R a w lin g s s a y s th a t

R u s s ia n , w h ic h h e h a s b e e n le a rn in g fo r a y e a r a n d a

h a lf , is th e h a rd e s t . H e s a id , “T h e re s e e m to b e m o re

e x c e p t io n s th a n ru le s ! " H e a d d e d , “ I e s p e c ia l ly lik e

G re e k b e c a u s e I th in k it ’ s b e a u t ifu l a n d , b e c a u s e o f m y

m o th e r , I h a v e a s t ro n g p e r s o n a l lin k to th e c o u n try a n d

to th e la n g u a g e ."

“ E v e ry o n e s h o u ld le a rn la n g u a g e s , e s p e c ia l ly i f th e y

t ra v e l a b ro a d . If you m a k e th e e f fo r t to le a rn e v e n th e

m o s t b a s ic p h r a s e s w h e re v e r you g o , it in s ta n t ly s h o w s

th e p e r s o n y o u 're s p e a k in g to t h a t you r e s p e c t h is o r

h e r c u ltu re . G o in g a ro u n d s p e a k in g E n g lis h lo u d ly a n d

g e t t in g f r u s t r a te d w ith p e o p le is t a c t le s s a n d ru d e .”

T h e n e x t la n g u a g e R a w lin g s h o p e s to le a rn is A ra b ic ,

b u t “ o n ly o n c e I've f in is h e d m y d e g re e a n d g o t s o m e

m o re t im e o n m y h a n d s . Fo r now I n e e d to c o n c e n t ra te on

m y G e rm a n a n d R u s s ia n , s o I c a n p re p a re fo r m y f in a ls ."

G lossaryAfrikaans a language that has developed from Dutch, spoken in South AfricaCatalan a language spoken in parts of northern Spain and southern Francefin a ls the last exams that students take in college

e Read the grammar information box. Then complete 1 -5 with a reflexive pronoun.

P Reflexive pronounsHe taught himself many of the languages with "teach yourself" books.We use reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves) when the object of a verb is the same as the subject, e.g., He taught himself Russian. = He was his own teacher.We also use reflexive pronouns to emphasize the subject of an action, e.g., We painted the kitchen ourselves.

1 I always test________ on new vocabulary. It’s a goodway to remember it.

2 My uncle built the house________ . It took himthree years.

3 This light is automatic. It turns________ on and off.4 Did you fix the computer________ ? Good job!5 My sister’s so vain! Every time she passes a mirror, she

looks at________ in it!


a 2 40))) You’re going to listen to six advanced students o f English giving a tip that has helped them to learn. Listen once and complete their tip. Then compare your notes with a partner.

TIP 6: Listen to as many______aspossible in English, and then ___________________ them

b Listen again. Try to add more details about each tip.

c Talk to a partner.

• Do you already do any o f these things?

• Which do you think is the best tip?

• Which tip could you easily put into practice? Try it!

• What other things do you do to improve your English outside class (e.g., visit chat websites, listen to audio books)?


TIP 5: Book yourself a ______inan______-____________ .

TIP 4: Get a ____________ app foryour phone.

TIP 3: Try to find an English-speaking ______or______ .

TIP 2: Do things that you____________, but in English.

TIP 1 : Change the language to English on allth e ______ you have, for example onyour______, o r______, o r______ .

G modals o f obligation: must, have to, should V phone language P silent consonants, linking

4B Modern manners?

Do I have to bring a present?

Yes,I think you probably should.

1 V O C A B U L A R Y & S P E A K IN Gphone language

a 2 4 1 ))) Listen and match the phone sentences with the sounds.

a D He's dialing a number.B [ She's texting / messaging a friend.C □ She just hungup.D □ She's choosing a new ringtone. e D He’s calling back. f D She left a message on his voicemail. g D The line’s busy.

b Can you explain what these are?

Skype a screensaver silent / vibrate mode quiet zones instant messaging

c Use the questionnaire to interview another student. Ask for more information.

G R A M M A Rmodals o f obligation: must, have to, should

Read the extract from Debrett’s guide to cell phone etiquette. Then talk to a partner about questions 1 -4 .

1 Do you agree with what Debrett’s says?2 Do you ever do any of these things?3 Are they a problem where you live?4 Are there any other things people do with their phones that

annoy you?

Debrett's, a well-known publisher, has been producing guides on how people should behave since the 1900s, including Debrett’s Etiquette and Modern Manners and The English Gentleman. Nowadays it still offers advice on what (and what not) to do in social situations.

YOU AND YOUR PHONEI W hat brand is your phone? How long

have you had it?

j Would you like to get a new one?W hy (not)?

I W hat ringtone do you have?

j W hat do you use your phone for (apart from talking)?

I Where and when do you usually turn off your cell phone?

Have you ever...?• lost your phone• sent a message to the wrong person• forgotten to turn your phone off

(with embarrassing consequences)

D E B R E T T ’ Sguide to

cell phone etiquette1 Think what your ringtone says about you

I f you're sometimes embarrassed by your ringtone, it's almost certainly the wrong one and you should change it.

2 W hen in doubt, use silent or vibrate m ode It may surprise your companions when you suddenly answer an invisible, silent phone, but at least they won't have to listen to your ringtone.

3 Take notice o f who is around youMake sure your conversation is not disturbing other people. Intimate conversations are never appropriate in front of others.

38

b Read the text again. Match the highlighted phrases with their meaning. Two o f the phrases match the same meaning.

A You don’t need to do this. It isn't necessary.B Don’t do this. It isn’t allowed / permitted.C It’s necessary or required to do this.D It’s a good idea to do this.

c >• p.139 Grammar Bank 4B. Learn more about must, have to, and should, and practice them.

4 Respect quiet zonesYou must not use your phone in quiet zones on trains or in hotels. That is the reason why they exist.

5 N ever shoutYour phone is not a megaphone. You don’t have to shout. And don’t shout because you think reception is poor. It won’t make any difference.

6 People with you deserve m ore attention than those at the end o f a phoneWherever possible, turn off your phone in social situations and at mealtimes, or put it on vibrate. I f you have to keep your phone on because you are expecting an important call, apologize in advance.

7 D on’t continue on with phone conversations when you are in the m iddle o f something else This is especially true if you are in banks, stores, etc. It is insulting not to give the people who are serving you your full attention.

8 Think about where you are calling from Don’t make (or receive) calls in inappropriate places. Put your phone on vibrate in meetings, movies, etc. I f you must take a call in the car, use a hands-free set.

Adapted from D eb re tt's M odern Manners

3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N & S P E A K IN Gsilent consonants, linking

a Each o f the words in the list has a silent consonant or consonants. W ith a partner, cross out the silent letters.

shoigld ta lk wrong listen half dishonest knowledge design whole rhythm doubt foreign calm island

b 2 46))) Listen and check.

c 2 47))) L isten and repeat the sentences.Try to copy the rhythm and to link the marked words.

1 You must t u r n j j f f your p h o n e ^ rc it ip la n e .

2 You shouidj)nly call himjrLan^ emergency.

3 we h a v e to leavQ _?up leven .

4 y o u m u s t n o t j ) p e n j ) t h e r p e o p le ’s ^ e m a ils .

5 You s h o u ld n ’f j t a l k lo u d ly o r\^ c e l l p h o n e .

d Read the definition o f m anners. T henmake sentences using shou ld / shou ldn ’t for som ething that you think is a question o f m anners, and w ith must / must n ot / have to for som ething that is a law or rule.

manners pi noun a way ofbehaving that isconsidered acceptable in your country or culture

■ turn o ff your phone in a theater■ talk loudly on your phone in public■ send text messages when you are

driving■ reply to a message on your phone

w hile you are talking to somebody face-to-face

■ p lay noisy games on a phone in public■ use your phone at a gas station■ video people on your phone w ithout

their permission■ set your phone to silent mode on a train■ send or receive texts at the movies■ turn o ff your phone on a plane during

take-off and landing

Online Practice ■ 4B 39

4 R E A D IN G

a Imagine that you have been invited to visit your partner’s family. Think of three things that you feel would be bad manners to do.

b Read the article. Did Heidi do any o f those things? W hat did she do wrong (according to Mrs. Bourne)? Whose side would you take?

News online

Two sides to every storyBy NEWS ONLINE ReporterEveryone knows it can be difficult to get along with your in-laws, but for 29-year-old Heidi Withers, it may now be impossible. Heidi was invited to spend the weekend with her fiance Freddie's family at their house. But soon after they returned home, Heidi received a very nasty email from Carolyn Bourne, Freddie's stepmother, criticizing her manners.

Here are a few examples of your lack of manners:• When you are a guest in another person’s house, you

should not declare what you will and will not eat - unless you are allergic to something.

• You should not say that you do not have enough food.• You should not start before everyone else.• You should not take extra helpings without being invited to

by your host.• You should not lie in bed until late morning.• You should have sent a handwritten note after the visit.

You have never written to thank me when you have stayed.

Heidi was shocked, and immediately sent the email on to some of her close friends. Surprised and amused, the friends forwarded it to other people, and soon the email had been posted on several websites, with thousands of people writing comments about the mother-in-law.

Adapted from the Daily Mail website

should haveWe use should have to talk about something that happened in the past that you think was wrong, e.g., You should have written me a thank-you letter. = you didn’t write to me. I think this was wrong.

d Now read some o f the comments that were posted on the Internet. Write H next to the ones that support Heidi and C next to the ones that support Carolyn.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

e Write your own comment. Then compare with a partner. Do you agree?

f > - Communication The big day p.105. Read about what Heidi and Freddie did next.

Mrs. Bourne says Heidi should have sent a handwritten thank-you note... however, she sends this letter by email! We are in the 21st century. Nobody sends handwritten letters anymore. 07/13/2011 6:52 p.m.

Why do we hear nothing about Freddie’s role in all this? Why didn't he prepare Heidi? He must know what his stepmother is like. He could also have prepared his family by telling them about any eating problems his girlfriendhas. 07/13/2011 4:25 p. m.

The email was a private communication. I don't think Heidi should have sent it on to her friends. It makes me think that Mrs. Bourne might be right about her bad manners. 07/13/2011 12:40 p.m.

The stepmother seems to be extremely jealous of Heidi. Maybe she wants to keep Freddie all to herself. If I were Heidi, I would leave him. 07/12/2011 10:15 a.m.

The mother-in-law may have a few good points, but she should have spoken to Heidi face-to-face, and not sent her an email. 07/11/2011 6:50 p.m.

I think that the one with the extremely bad manners is Mrs. Bourne. 07/11/2011 2:10 p.m.

Mrs. Bourne, I agree with every word you say. Young people just don't have any manners nowadays. I hope Freddie comes to his senses and finds someone better.07/11/2011 9:48 a.m.

40 4B

c Find words or phrases in the article that m ean...

1 _________ noun a man to whom you are going tobe married

2 _________ adj unpleasant3 _________ verb saying what is bad or wrong with

somebody or something4 _________ noun not having enough of something5 _________ noun a person who you invite to your house6 _________ noun a person who receives a visitor7 _________ verb sent an email or message you received

to another person

5 L IS T E N IN G 6 S P E A K IN G

a 2 48))) Listen to Caroline Halloran, who is dating Jason Win, talking about the differences between Burmese manners and American manners. What was their problem when they firs t met? How have they managed to solve their differences about manners?

In groups, talk about each thing in the G ood Manners? questionnaire. Do you think it’s good manners, bad manners, or not important / not necessary. Why?

I think it's very rude to criticize the food if you are in somebody’s house.

b Listen again and mark the sentences T (true)or F (false).

1 Jason thought Caroline was rude when she asked him to hang out with her.

2 In Burma it's OK to spend time alone with someone at the beginning of a romantic relationship.

3 Burmese culture is not as open as American culture is.

4 Jason wrote long responses to Caroline’s Facebook romantic posts.

5 Caroline wants Jason to stop bragging about their relationship to his friends and family.

6 Jason sometimes gets confused about good and bad manners in the US.

7 Caroline and Jason don't argue about manners anymore.

c W hat would people from your country do inthese situations?

I think it depends. It’s OK if you know the person very well or i f i t ’s a member o f your family...

7 2 49))) SONG You Can’t Hurry Love Jl

WHEN YOU ARE INVITED TO SOMEBODY’S HOUSE...

] criticize the food (e.g., if it is too cold, salty, etc.)

] take a presentj write an email to say thank you ] arrive more than ten minutes late

for lunch or dinner

WHEN GREETING PEOPLE...I use more formal language

when speaking to an older person

□ kiss a woman on thecheek when you meet her for the first time

] use your partner's parents' first names

WHEN YOU ARE HAVING A MEAL WITH FRIENDS IN A RESTAURANT...

] leave your cell phone on silent on the table in front of you

1 answer or send a text or message 1 make a phone call

MEN AND WOMEN-A MAN’S ROLE...

1 pay for the meal on a first date

□ wait for a woman to go through the door first

□ accompany a woman home

ON SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES...

] post a private message or conversation on an Internet site

] post an embarrassing photo or video clip of a friend without asking his or her permission

] post all the details of your breakup with a partner


3&4 Review and Check

G R A M M A R

(Circle)a, b, or c.

1 I walk to work. It's______ than driving.a healthyer b as healthy c healthier

2 Riding a bike isn't______ people think.a as dangerous as b as dangerous than c so dangerous than

3 This is______ time of day for traffic jams.a the most bad b the worse c the worst

4 My wife is a much safer driver than______ .a 1 b me c my

5 W hat______beautiful day!a a b - c an

6 I never drink coffee after______ dinner.a - b the c an

7 ______ are usually good language learners.a The women b Women c Woman

8 We’ve decided to visit Peru______ .a the next summer b next summer c the summer next

9 We won’t ______ come to the party.a can b be able c be able to

10 When he was five he______ already swim.a can b could c was able

11 My mother has never______ cook well.a been able to b could c be able to

12 Entrance is free. You______ pay anything.a don’t have to b must not c shouldn't

13 I’l l______ work harder if I want to pass.a must b should c have to

14 I don't think I ______ have a dessert. I’vealready eaten too much!a must b should c have to

15 You______ turn on your phone until theplane has landed.a don’t have to b must not c shouldn’t

V O C A B U L A R Y

a Complete with a preposition.

1 We arrived______Vancouver at 5:30.2 I apologized______ being late.3 I’m not very interested______ horror movies.4 My son is good______ speaking languages.5 This song reminds me______ my vacation.

b Complete the compound nouns.

1 Slow down! The speed______ on this road is 55 mph, not 65 mph.2 I won’t start the car until you have all put on your seat______ .3 It’s not a good town for bike riders - there are very few

bicycle______.4 Try to avoid using the subway during______ hour - between 8:00

and 9:30 in the morning.5 There’s a taxi______ right next to the train station.

c Complete with the right word.

1 We were late because we got s______ in a terrible traffic jam.2 I'm moving into a new apartment next week. I've rented a v______

so that I can take all my things there.3 The next train to New Haven is now waiting at pi______ 5.4 We’re going to s______ off early because we want to get to the

hotel before it gets dark.5 How long does it t______ to get from here to the airport?

d (Circle) the right adjective.

1 The game ended 0 -0 . It was really bored / boring.2 It was the most amazed / amazing experience I’ve ever had.3 We’re very excited / exciting about our vacation!4 I’m a little disappointed / disappointing with my exam results.5 This show is too depressed / depressing. Turn it off.

e Complete the missing words.

1 I’m not in right now. Please 1______ a message.2 The line’s b______ . Please hold.3 I was in the middle o f talking to him, and he just h______up!4 1 love the scr______ on your phone. Is it a photo of your kids?5 I hate it when people have really loud r______ on their cell phones!

P R O N U N C IA T IO N

b Underline the stressed syllable.

1 free way 3 pe des tri an 5 em barr ass ing2 dis a ppoint ed 4 vi brate

42

1

2

3

4

5

language want manners traffic

the moon the sun the beginning the end

watch cheap machine each

should crash permission gossip

change message argue apologize

(Circle)the word with a different sound.

Ada

pted

from

The

New

Yor

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mes

VIDEOC A N Y O U U N D E R S T A N D T H E S E PEOPLE?

C A N Y O U U N D E R S T A N D T H IS T E X T ?

a Read the article once. What kind o f concert was it?W hat happened?

Turn it off!Something historic happened at the New York Philharmonic on the evening of January 10,2012, about an hour into Mahler's Ninth Symphony. During the beautiful fourth movement, an audience member’s cell phone loudly rang.And rang. And rang again. It was the kind of marimba r iff we've all heard on the street from a stranger’s phone.

From my seat in Row L, I could see the horrified discomfort of the other audience members from their body language. We all wondered whether the conductor Alan Gilbert would react, and how. Suddenly there was silence. The orchestra had stopped playing. Mr. Gilbert had halted the performance. He turned to the man, who was seated in the front row, and said:

“Are you going to turn it off? Will you do that?”There was some "discussion” between the conductor and the

cell phone owner, but we couldn’t hear it.In the Avery Fisher Hall, many members of the audience stood

and demanded that the man leave the hall. They were so furious that I could have imagined them dragging him from his seat on to the stage, tying him to a stake, and setting him alight!

When the “power off" button on the man’s phone had finally been located and put to use, Mr. Gilbert turned to the audience. "Usually, when there’s a disturbance like this, it’s best to ignore it,” he said. “But this time I could not allow it.”

The audience applauded as if Mahler himself, the orchestra’s conductor from 1909 to 1911, had suddenly been resurrected onstage. Mr. Gilbert neither smiled nor acknowledged the cheers. Instead he turned to the orchestra, instructing the players to resume, several bars back from the point at which he had stopped the performance. Just before, he raised his baton and turned again to the audience and said, this time with a smile, “We’ll start again.” A few seconds later, the fourth movement resumed.

Mr. Gilbert’s brave decision that night brought new music to the Philharmonic.

b Read the text again and answer the questions.

1 In what part o f the symphony did the phone ring? What kind of ringtone was it?

2 Did the owner turn it off immediately?3 How did the audience react a) to the phone ringing,

and b) to what the conductor did?4 Did the audience really drag the man onto the stage?5 Did Mr. Gilbert restart the music from the same place

where he had stopped?6 Does the journalist think Mr. Gilbert made the

right decision?

c Choose five new words or phrases from the text.Check their meaning and pronunciation and try tolearn them.

2 50))) O n the street Watch or listen to five people and answer the questions.

Christopher Maria Harry Skylar Cristina

1 Christopher likes using the subway because______ .a he only needs to take one trainb he gets to work in less than half an hour c it runs all day and night

2 Maria thinks that women are better than men at takingcare o f young children because______ .a they have had a lot of practice b they know when children are hungry c they know what to do when children are sick

3 Harry says that men in her family______ .a don’t enjoy telling storiesb talk about the same things as women c try to talk about things that interest them

4 Skylar______ .a still paints, but just as a free-time activity b paints very wellc now does other things in her free time

5 It annoys Cristina when people______ .a check their phones for the timeb don’t interact with you while they're on the phone c use their phones when they are having dinner

Do the tasks with a partner. Check ( / ) the box if you can do them.

Can you...?1 F?] compare different methods of public transportation

in your town / country2 Q agree or disagree with this statement, and say why:

All towns and cities should have a lot more bicycle lanes.3 FZ1 talk about typical stereotypes about men and

women, and say if you think they are true4 ^ describe something you would like to be able to do,

but have never been able to5 Ld talk about things that are / aren't good manners in

your country if you are staying with someone as a guest, and what you think is the right thing to do

Short movies Citi bikes v id e o Watch and enjoy the movie.

C A N Y O U S A Y T H IS IN EN G LIS H ?

G past tenses: simple, continuous, perfect V sportsP hr! and /or/

5A Sports superstitions

Why did he lose the

match?

Because he wasn't feeling

very well in the last set.

1 V O C A B U L A R Y sports 3 S P E A K IN G

a Take the quiz in small groups.

SPORTS QUIZWhat sport do you associate with...?

b > - p . l5 7 Vocabulary Bank Sports.

2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N hr/ and /or/

a Write the words in the correct column. Be careful with or (there are two possible pronunciations).

court four girl hurt score serve shirt shorts sport warmup world worse workout

b 3 6))) Listen and check.

c >• p.166 Sound Bank. Look at the typical spellings o f these sounds.

d 3 7))) Listen and write six sentences.

In pairs, interview your partner about sports using the questionnaire. Ask for more information.

What sports! do /did you

have to play at school?

Do / Did you enjoy

it?

How often do you play sports?

What sport(s) do you play?

Have you ever won a cup or a trophy?

Do you think that there are good sports

facilities in your town?

Do you think physical education should be optional

or required at school?

Do you think there is too much (or not enough) sports on TV?

Do you like sports?

NO YES

Do you do any kind of exercise?

1 Do you think you’re in shape? Would you like to get in better

shape?

Have you ever been

[injured playing sports?

Do you prefer

playing sports or watching

sports?

How many hours do you spend a week watching sports on TV?

Is there any sport

you don’t mind watching on

TV?

Do your family and friends like

sports?

What sport(s) do you hate watching

on TV?

Have you ever found a sports event

exciting?

What’s the most exciting sports event

you have been to?

Do you go to watch

a local sports team?

4 R E A D IN G

a Do you know o f any sports players who are superstitious? What do they do?

b Read an article about sports superstitions and complete it with A-F.A It is not only the players who are superstitious B A good example is Serena Williams C Superstitions and rituals are very common among fans D After my wife had left the room, Murray lost the

fourth setE The superstitions and rituals are not confined

to the courtF Tennis players-are-strartge-people

c Read the article again. W ho does the article say are superstitious: sports players, sports fans, TV spectators, or all o f them?

d Underline five words or phrases you want to remember from the article.

e Look at the photos o f four more famous sports people who are superstitious. Do you know what any o f their superstitions are or were?

f > - Communication Other sp orts superstitions A p.104 B p.108. Read and tell each other about the people in the photos.

g Do y ou have any superstitions, e.g., when you are playing or watching sports, or before an exam?

If I bounce the ball five times...F-E

MATTHEW SYED writes about sports superstitions

1 Tennis players are strange people. Have you noticed how they always ask for three balls instead of two; how they bounce the ball the same number of times before serving, as if any change from their routine might result in disaster?

________________ , the number1 female tennis player. When she was once asked why she had played so badly at the French Open she answered, “I didn't tie my shoe laces right, and I didn't bounce the ball five times, and I didn’t bring my shower sandals to the court with me. I didn't have my extra dress. I just knew it was fate; it wasn’t going to happen.”

________________ . Goran Ivanisevic,Wimbledon champion in 2001, was convinced that if he won a match, he had to repeat everything he did the previous day, such as eating the same food at the same restaurant, talking to the same people, and watching the same TV shows. One year this meant that he had to watch Teletubbies every morning during his Wimbledon campaign. “Sometimes it got very boring/’ he said.

________________ . As we werewatching tennis player Andy Murray play the fourth set at Wimbledon, my wife suddenly got up and went to the kitchen. “He keeps losing games when I’m in the room/' she said. “If I go out now, he’ll win.”

________________ . Last year, asurvey of British soccer supporters found that 21 percent had a lucky charm (anything from a scarf to a lucky coin), while another questionnaire revealed that 70 percent of Spanish soccer fans performed pre-match rituals (like wearing “ lucky” clothes, eating the same food or drink, or watching games with the same people).

________________ . She returned, £0)and he won the fifth. I laughed at §-her, and then remembered my soccer team, Spurs, who were losing 1-0 in the Carling Cup. "If I leave the room now, Spurs will score/’ I told my kids, after 27 minutes of overtime. I left the room and they scored. Twice.

GlossaryTeletubbies a television series for very young children Spurs Tottenham Hotspur, a London soccer team

5 L IS T E N IN G

a In your country, are referees a) well-paid b) respected c) unpopular? Why do you think somebody would want to become a referee?

b 3 8))) You’re going to hear an interview with an ex-Champions League soccer referee from Spain. Listen to P art 1 and choose a, b, or c.

1 Why did he become a referee? a His father was a referee.b He liked sports, but wasn't good at them, c He was always attracted by the idea.

2 What was the most exciting game he ever refereed? a His first professional game.b He can't choose just one. c Real Madrid against Barcelona.

3 The worst experience he ever had as a referee was when_______attacked him.a a player b a woman c a child

4 Why does he think there is more cheating in soccer today? a Because soccer is big business.b Because the referees are worse, c Because soccer players are better at cheating.

5 How does he say soccer players often cheat?a They fall over when no one has touched them, b They accept money to lose games, c They touch the ball with their hands.

c 3 9))) Now listen to P a rt 2 . Complete the sentences with one to three words.

1 The most difficult thing for him about being a referee is making during a game.

2 One o f the reasons why it’s difficult is because soccer today isso_________________ .

3 Making correct decisions often depends on the referee’sinterpretation o f_________________ .

4 He thinks that players who cheat are still_________________ .5 A study that was done on Leo Messi shows that he can run

exceptionally fast_________________ .6 He thinks Messi isn't the_________________ soccer player.

d Do you agree with the referee that there is more cheating in soccer than before? Is it true in other sports as well? Would you like to be a sports referee (or umpire)? Why (not)?

6 G R A M M A R past tenses: simple, continuous, perfect

a In your country, is cheating considered a serious problem in sports? In what sports do you think cheating is most common? What kinds o f things do people do when they cheat?

b Read Taking a Short Cut about a marathon runner who cheated. How did she cheat?

c Look at the highlighted verbs in the text. W hich o f them are used for...?

1 a completed action in the past2 an action that happened before the past time

we are talking about3 an action in progress (or not) at a particular

moment in the past

d > - p.140 Grammar Bank 5A. Learn more about past tenses and practice them.

e Read The Hand o f God? and complete it with the verbs in the right tenses.

46 5A

7 S P E A K IN G

Famous (cheating) moments in sportsAlthough it isn’t true that everybody in sports cheats, it is certainly true that there are cheaters in every sport...

Taking a short cut

On A p r i l 2 1 ,1 9 8 0 ,2 3 -y e a r -o ld R o s ie

R u iz w as th e f ir s t w o m a n to c r o s s th e

f in is h l in e a t th e B o s to n M a ra th o n .

S h e f in is h e d th e ra c e in th e th ir d - f a s te s t t im e

fo r a fe m a le ru n n e r (tw o h o u rs , 31 m in u te s ,

5 6 se co n d s ) . B u t w hen th e o rg a n iz e r s

c o n g ra tu la te d R o s ie a f te r th e ra ce , th e y w e re

s u rp r is e d b e c a u se sh e w a s n ’t s w e a t in g v e ry

m u ch . S o m e s p e c ta to r s w h o w e re w a tc h in g

th e ra ce to ld th e m w h a t h a d re a lly h a p p e n e d .

D u r in g th e la s t h a lf m ile , R o s ie s u d d e n ly

ju m p e d o u t o f th e c ro w d a n d s p r in te d to

th e f in is h lin e . T h e m a ra th o n o rg a n iz e rs

to o k R u iz 's t i t le a w a y an d a w a rd e d i t to th e

r e a l w in n e r, J a c q u e lin e G a re a u . It w a s la te r

d is c o v e re d th a t th re e m o n th s e a r lie r , R o s ie had

a ls o c h e a te d in th e N ew Y o rk C it y M a ra th o n

w h e re sh e had ta k e n th e subw ay !

The hand of God?

It w a s Ju n e 2 2 ,1 9 8 6 . A rg e n t in a

tw os p la y in g (p la y ) E n g la n d in th e q u a r te r

f in a ls o f th e W o r ld C u p , a n d b o th te a m s

2_________ (p la y ) w e ll. T h e s c o re 3__________ (be)

0 - 0 . In th e 5 1 s t m in u te , th e A rg e n t in ia n

c a p ta in , D ie g o M a ra d o n a , 4_________ (sco re ) a

g o a l. T h e E n g lis h p la y e rs 5_________ (p ro te s t) ,

b u t th e re fe re e 6__________(g ive ) th e g o a l.

H ow eve r, T V c a m e ra s sh o w e d th a t M a ra d o n a

7_________ (sco re ) th e g o a l w ith h is hand !

M a ra d o n a e__________ (say) th e n e x t d a y “ It w as

p a r t ly th e h a n d o f M a ra d o n a , a n d p a r t ly th e

h a n d o f G o d .”

L a te r in th e g a m e , M a ra d o n a 9_________ (sco re )

a n o th e r g o a l, an d A rg e n t in a 10__________ (w in)

th e g a m e 2 -1 . T h e y w e n t on to w in th e

W o r ld C up .

a You are going to tell your partner two anecdotes. Choose two o f the topics below and plan what you are going to say. Ask your teacher for any words you need.

TELL YOUR PARTNER ABOUT...• a time you cheated (in a sport/game

or on an exam)When and where did this happen? What were you doing? Why did you cheat? What happened in the end?

• a really exciting sports event you sawWhere and when was it? Who was playing?What happened? Why was it so exciting?

• a time you had an accident or got a sports injury

When and where did this happen? What were you doing? How did the accident happen? What part o f your body did you hurt? What happened next? How long did it take you to recover?

• a time you got lostWhere were you going? How were

you traveling? Why did you get lost? What happened in the end?

b Work with a partner. Tell each other your two stories. Give as much detail as you can.

• a time you saw or met a celebrityWhen was this? Where were you? Who were you with? What was the celebrity doing? What was he / she wearing? Did you speak to him / her? What happened in the end?

P Starting an anecdoteI'm going to tell you about a time when... This happened a few years ago...When I was younger...

8 W R IT IN G

> - p.116 Writing T e llin g a s to r y . Write a story about something that happened to you.

9 3 14))) S O N G We Are the Champions


G usually and used to V relationships P linking, the le tte r s

Love at Exit 19

How doyou usually get

to work?I used to

take the bus, but now I ride

my bike.

1

a

b

Love at Exit 19

R E A D IN G

How do you think people usually meet friends and partners nowadays? Number the phrases 1-5 (1 = the most popular). Then compare with a partner. Do you agree?

A D at work b n at school or college c D on the Internet (e.g., on forums, on social

networking sites, etc.) d D in a cafe, dub, etc.E ŋ through friends

3 15))) Read and listen to an article about Sonya Baker and Michael Fazio. Why did their relationship almost never happen?

He was a tollbooth collector, and she was a soprano who sang in Carnegie Hall. Their eyes met at Exit 19 of the New York State Thruway, when he charged her 3?ct. The romance that followed was even less likely than the plot of an opera!

Sonya Baker was a frequent commuter from her home in the suburbs to New York City. One day, when she was driving to an audition,she came offtheThruway and stopped atthe

tollbooth where Michael Fazio was working. She talked with him as she paid to go through, and thought he was cute. For the next three months, they used to exchange a few words as she handed him the money, and he raised the barrier to let her pass. “It was mostly ‘What are you doing today? Where are you going?”' she said. They learned more about each other, for example that Sonya loved Puccini and Verdi, while Michael’s love was the New York Yankees. But their conversations suddenly came to an end when Michael changed his working hours. “He used to work during the day/’ said Sonya, “but he changed to night shifts/'Although Michael still looked out for Sonya’s white Toyota Corolla, he did not see her again for six months.

When Michael's working hours changed back to the day shift, he decided to put a traffic

cone in front of his lane. He thought, “It will be like putting a candle in a window.” Sonya saw it, and their romance started up again. “I almost crashed my car on various occasions,” she said, “trying to cross several lanes to get to his exit/’ Finally, she found the courage to give Michael a piece of paper with her phone number as she passed through the toll. Michael called her and for their first date they went to see the movie Cool Runnings, and then later they went to an opera, La Boheme, and to a Yankees game.

They are now married and living in Kentucky, where Sonya is a voice and music professor at Murray State College and Michael runs an activity center at a nursing home. It turned out that she had given him her number just in time. A short while later, she moved to New Jersey and stopped usingthe New York State Thruway. “I might never have seen him again,” she said.

Glossarya tollbooth a small building by the side of a road where you pay money to use the road Carnegie Hall a famous concert hall in New York CityNew York State Thruway a roadNew York Yankees a baseball team based in theBronx in New York Citya traffic cone a plastic object, often orange and white, used to show where vehicles can or can’t go

Ad

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d fr

om T

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imes

48

a D Michael changed his working hours.B □ Michael tried to find Sonya.C LH They got married.D □ Sonya moved to New Jersey.E Ld Sonya gave Michael her phone number.F □ Michael changed his working hours again. G CD Sonya talked with Michael.H Ld They stopped seeing each other.I □ They had their first date.J I 1 Sonya and Michael moved to Kentucky.

b 3/16))) Listen to four people talking about where they met their partner. Match each one with a place from la .

Speaker 1 LH Speaker 2 LH Speaker 3 L j Speaker 4 LD

c Listen to each story again and take notes on how the people met. Compare your notes with your partner and listen again if necessary. Which meeting do you think was the most romantic?

d Look at two extracts from the listening. Answer the questions with a partner.

We used to go to clubs together on Saturday night.It used to be difficult to meet people.

1 When do we use used to? How do you make negatives and questions?

2 How would you change these sentences (using usually) if you wanted to talk about present habits or situations?

e >• p.141 Grammar Bank 5B. Learn more about usually and used to, and practice them.

3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N & S P E A K IN G linking

^ 3 used toRemember that used to and use to are usually linked and pronounced /'yusta/.

a 318))) Listen and repeat the sentences. Copy the linking and the sentence rhythm.

ı ı usedjo livejn Los Angeles.2 she didn’t ussjo wear glasses.3 Where did you usqjo work before?4 They usecjjo see eachj)theua lot.5 Didn’t you usqjo haveja beard?

b In pairs, tell each other about three o f the following. Give as much information as you can. How do you feel about these people and things now?

Is there...• a kind of food or

drink you didn't use to like at all, but that you now like?

• a TV series you used to be addicted to?Why did you like it?

• a singer or a kind o f music you used to listen to a lot (but don’t anymore)?

• a sport or game you used to play a lot, butthat you’ve given up?

• a place you used to goduring summer vacation, and that you’d like to go

back to?• a machine or

gadget you used to use a lot, but that is now out of date?

I used to hate most vegetables, especially spinach and cauliflower, but now I love them and usually eat a lot o f vegetables every day...


c Read the article again and number the events in the order they happened.

d Read the article again and look at the highlighted words andphrases. Try to figure out what they mean. Then match them with 1-10 below.

1 __________ a period of time worked by a group of workers2 __________ a person who travels into a city to work every day3 __________ attractive, good-looking4 __________ what had happened was5 __________ manages6 __________ probable7 __________ something that is used to give light, made of wax8 __________ have short conversations9 __________ they looked at each other romantically

10 __________ was brave enough

2 G R A M M A R usually and used to

a Think o f a couple you know well, e.g., your parents or friends. How did they meet? Do you know any couples who met under unusual circumstances?

4 V O C A B U L A R Y relationships

a Explain the difference between these pairs o f phrases.

1 to meet somebody and to know somebody2 a colleague and a friend3 to argue with somebody and to discuss something

with somebody

b > • p.158 Vocabulary Bank Relationships.

c Think o f one o f your close friends. In pairs, ask and answer the questions.

How long have you known him / her? Where did you meet?Why do you get along well?What do you have in common?Do you ever argue? What about?How often do you see each other?How do you keep in touch?Have you ever lost touch? Why? When? Do you think you’ll stay friends?

5 P R O N U N C IA T IO Nthe letter s

a 3 21))) Listen to the words in the list.How is the s (or se) pronounced? Write them in the correct columns.

busy close (adj) close (verb) conversation decision discuss eyes friends lose music pleasure promise raise school somebody sport sugar summer sure unusual used to usually various

b

c

3 22))) Listen and check.

Answer with a partner.

1 How is s usually pronounced at the beginning of a word? What are the two exceptions?

2 What two ways can s (or es) be pronounced at the end of a word?

3 How is s pronounced in -sion?

6a

L IS T E N IN G

Talk to a partner. Do you think the following are T (true) or F (false)?

1 22-year-olds have an average o f 1,000 friends.2 Men have more online friends than women.3 People who spend a lot of time on Facebook become more

dissatisfied with their own lives.

3 23))) Listen to the introduction to a radio program. According to research, are 1-3 in a true or false?

7 S P E A K IN G

Read sentences A -F below. Check ( / ) the ones you agree with and put an / next to the ones you don’t agree with. Think about your reasons.

c 3 24))) Listen to four people who call the program, Young,Beth, Emma, and Ned. W ho is the most positive about Facebook? W ho is the most negative?

d Listen again. Answer with Young, Beth, Em m a, or Ned.

Which caller...?1 L J does not want to share personal information with strangers2 LH has fewer Facebook friends than he / she used to have3 L J has over a thousand friends4 Q J uses it to keep in touch with friends who don’t live close by5 L J thinks people use Facebook to give themselves more

importance6 [__j used to use Facebook more than he / she does now'7 Q uses Facebook instead of calling8 [__I does not use social networking sites

e Do you use Facebook or any other social networking sites? Do you agree with anything the speakers said?

A □ You can only have tw o or three close friends.

B Ld Nowadays people are in touch w ith more people bu t have fewer close friends.

C □ Men keep the ir friends longer than women.

D P ] You should never criticize your friend's partner.

E rU You should never lend money to a friend (or borrow money).

f D It's impossible to stay good friends w ith an ex-partner.

b In groups, compare opinions. Try to give real examples from your own experience or o f people you know. Use the phrases below to help you.

P Giving examplesFor example, I have a friend who I’ve known since I was five years old...For instance, I once lent some money to a cousin...


Practical English Old friends

■ < J E N N Y H A S CO FFEE W IT H A FR IEN D

a 3 25))) Watch or listen to Jenny and Monica. W hat’s Monica’s news?

2 ■ < P E R M IS S IO N A N D R E Q U E S TS

a 3 26))) Watch or listen. W hat two favors does Rob ask Jenny?

b Watch or listen again. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Correct the F sentences.

1 Rob orders a cappuccino.2 Rob says Monica looks different from her photos.3 Monica gets a good impression of Rob.4 Monica leaves because she has to go to work.5 Jenny says that most of their friends are in serious

relationships.6 Paul is going to stay for two weeks.7 Paul used to be very quiet when they were younger.8 jenny is excited to meet Paul.

b Watch or listen again and answer the questions.

1 Who's Scott?2 When did they get engaged?3 Who has Monica told the news to?4 What did she use to do a lot at night? What does she

do now?5 Who’s going to organize the wedding?6 What does jenny tell Monica about her relationship

with Rob?7 What does Monica think about Rob being British?

52

c 3 27))) Look at some extracts from the conversation. Can you remember any o f the missing words? Watch or listen and check. Asking permission

1 Rob Do you________ if I join you?Monica O f________ not. Come on, sit

down.

2 Rob Is i t ________ if we change ourplans a bit this week?

Jenny Uh...sure.

Requests: asking someone to do something

1 Rob ________ you pass the sugar?Jenny ________ .

2 Rob Could you do me a big________ ?I have to work late this evening,so... would you mind________ himat the airport?

Jenny ________ at all. I'd like to meet him.

3 Rob And do you think you________take him to my flat? I'll give you the keys.

Jenny No________ , Rob.

d Look at the highlighted phrases and answer the questions.

1 How do you respond to Do you mind if...? and Would you mind...? when you mean OK, no problem?

2 Which two forms of request should you rise if you want to be very polite or are asking a very big favor?

e 3 28)}) Watch or listen and repeat the highlighted phrases. Copy the rhythm and intonation.

f Practice the dialogues in c with a partner.

g mm > - Communication Could you do m e afavor? p.105.

PAUL A R R IV E S

a 3 29))) Watch or listen. How do Rob and Jenny feel about Paul’s arrival?

b Watch or listen again and (circle) the right answer.

1 Paul’s appearance has changed a lot / hasn’t changed much.2 His flight was on time / late.3 On the trip from the airport Paul talked a lot about himself / asked

Jenny a lot o f personal questions.4 Rob suggests eating in / eating out.5 Paul feels exhausted / fu ll o f energy.6 Jenny feels like / doesn’t fe e l like going out.




Can you...?use different expressions to ask permission to do something and respond

use different expressions to ask another person to do something and respond

greet someone you haven't seen for a long time

Online Practice 53

VIDEO3

Social English phrasesPaul Hey !Paul It’s to see you. mate.Rob How you're so late?Paul No , man!Jenny Rob, 1 think I’ll go home if you don’tRob Just like the old !Paul Rob. we’ve got a lot to talk !

Communication

P E I H O W A W FU Li H O W F A N T A S T IC ! Student Aa Read your sentences 1-9 to B. B must react with a phrase, e.g.,

You’re kidding, Oh, no!, etc.

1 I collect funny salt-and-pepper shakers.2 I spilled some coffee on my laptop last night, and now it

doesn't work.3 I'm going to New York City next weekend.4 Someone stole my bike yesterday.5 My dog can open the kitchen door by itself.6 My father's going to be interviewed on TV tomorrow.7 My grandmother just bought a sports car.8 My parents met when they were only 15.9 I just won $2,000 in the lottery!

b Listen to B ’s sentences and react with a phrase.

c Tell B some real (or invented) news about you for B to react.React to B ’s news.

5 A O T H E R S P O R TS S U P E R S T IT IO N S Student Aa Read about Sydney Crosby and Kolo Toure.

SIDNEY CROSB' never calls his mother on a game day, even if it’s her birthday. He believes that he gets injured on the days he calls his mother before a game.

When COLO TOUR1 played for Arsenal, he always insisted on being the last player to leave the dressing room after the half-time break. This was never usually a problem. However, in one game when William Gallas, his teammate, was injured and needed treatment at half-time during a match,Toure stayed in the dressing room until Gallas had been treated. This meant that Arsenal had to start the second half with only nine players.

b Now cover the text and tell B about their superstitions from memory.

c Listen to B telling you about Jason Terry and Alexander Wurz’s superstitions.

d Together decide which superstition you think is a) the strangest b) the most impractical.

104

2B A R E Y O U H U N G R Y ?Student A

a Ask B your questions. He / She responds with the phrase in parentheses.

1 Is the water cold? (Yes, it’s freezing.)2 Was the movie good? (Yes, it was fantastic.)3 Were you tired after the exam? (Yes, I was

exhausted.)4 Was the room dirty? (Yes, it was filthy.)5 Is it a big house? (Yes, it's enormous.)6 Were you surprised? (Yes, I was amazed.)7 Are you sure? (Yes, I’m positive.)

b Respond to B ’s questions. Say Yes, it’s . .. / I ’m ..., etc. + the strong form o f the adjective that B used in the question. Remember to stress the strong adjective.

Are you afraid o f flying? Yes, I’m terrified.

c Repeat the exercise. Try to respond as quickly as possible.

3 A I’M A T O U R IS T - C A N Y O U H ELP M E? Student A

a Think o f the town / city where you are, or the nearest big town. You are a foreign tourist, and you are planning to get around using public transportation. Ask B questions 1-5 . Get as much information from B as you can.

1 What kind of public transportation is there?2 What’s the best way for me to get around

the city?3 Can I rent a bike? Are there any bicycle lanes?4 Is it easy to find taxis? How expensive

are they?5 What’s the best way to get to the airport

from the center of town? How long does it take?

b Switch roles. B is a foreign tourist in the town who has rented a car. You live in the town. Answer B ’s questions and give as much information as you can.

4 A G U E S S T H E S E N T E N C E Student Aa Look at sentences 1 -6 and think o f the correct form of

be able to + a verb. D on’t w rite anything yet!

b Read your sentence 1 to B. If it isn't right, try again until B tells you, “That’s right.” Then write it.Continue with 2 -6 .

c Now listen to B say sentence 7. I f it's the same as your sentence 7 below, say “That’s right.” I f not, say “Try again” until B gets it right. Continue with 8 -1 2 .

7 It must be great to be able to speak a lot of languages.8 I won't be able to see you tonight. I'm too busy.9 My grandmother can’t walk very well, but luckily we

were able to park just outside the restaurant.10 They haven’t been able to find an apartment yet.

They're still looking.11 You should be able to do this exercise. It’s very easy.12 We really enjoy being able to eat outside in the summer.

P E 3 C O U LD Y O U DO M E A FAVOR?Students A+B

a Look at the verb phrases below. Choose two things you would like somebody to do for you. Think about any details, e.g., what kind o f dog it is, how much money you need, etc.

• take care o f (your children, your dog for the weekend, your apartment while you're away, etc.)

• lend you (some money, their car, etc.)• give you a ride (home, to the mall, etc.)• help you (with a problem, with your homework, to

paint your apartment, to choose some new clothes, etc.)

b Ask as many other students as possible. Be polite (C ouldyou do me a big favor? Would you mind. ..? Do you thinkyou cou ld ...?) and explain why you want the favor. How many people agree to help you?

4 B T H E BIG D AY Students A+BRead a newspaper article about what happened at Heidi and Freddie’s wedding. Do you think they behaved well or badly? Why?

News online

Two sides to every story What happened next...By NEWS ONLINE Reporter

Y esterday Heidi Withers married Freddie Bourne in a $40,000 ceremony at St. Mary the Virgin Church. It was followed by a reception at a

900-year-old castle. However, there was no sign of Carolyn, Freddie's stepmother, the woman who was ridiculed for the email she sent Heidi. She and her husband Edward, Freddie’s father, were not invited.

Heidi arrived almost 25 minutes late for the ceremony, which was due to begin at 2:45 p.m. Perhaps, as Carolyn suggested was her habit, she had been in bed until the last possible minute. She arrived at the church with security guards holding umbrellas to prevent onlookers from seeing her, and with her head covered. This is a well-known tactic for celebrities, but for a 29-year-old secretary it seemed, in the words of one onlooker, “a bit ridiculous.”

Edward and Carolyn admitted to being disappointed at not receiving an invitation. They spent the weekend on vacation with friends. They have had no contact with the couple since the saga began, and did not even know the date of the wedding.

Communication 105

1 I’m sorry I won’t _____________________ to yourparty next weekend.

2 It was August, but we_____________________ a hotelwithout any problems.

3 I used to ___________ a little Japanese, but I can't now.4 I love__________________ in bed late on the weekend.

5 Will you________________the work before Saturday?6 I’ve never_______________________________fish well.

Communication

5 A O TH E R S P O R TS S U P E R S T IT IO N SStudent B

a Read about Jason Terry and Alexander Wurz.

JASON TERRY, an American basketball player, wears the colors of his team's opponents the night before a game. If the team he’s playing the next day wears black and white, then Terry wears black and white to bed the night before. He’s been doing this since his playing days in college.

ALEXANDER WURZ. an Austrian racing driver, used to race with odd-colored shoes, the left one red and the right one blue. It came about when he lost a shoe before a big race and had to borrow one of a different color. After winning the race, he decided it was a lucky omen.

b Now listen to A telling you about Sydney Crosby and Kolo Toure’s superstitions.

c Cover the text and tell B about Jason Terry and Alexander Wurz’s superstitions from memory.

I B P E R S O N A L IT Y Students A+BRead the explanation and compare with a partner. Do you agree with your results?

The activity you have just done is a personality test. The first adjective you wrote down is how you see yourself, the second is how other people see you, and the third is what you are really like.

2 A S P E N D E R OR S A V ER ? Students A+BCheck your results. Then compare with a partner. Do you agree with your results?

M ostly a answersYou can't be trusted with your own money! You definitely need someone to help you to manage your finances better. Why not speak to an organized friend about how to plan? This will help you to make your money go further and stop you from getting into debt.

M ostly b answersAlthough you understand how to manage your money, sometimes you need to be a little more organized. Try setting yourself a weekly or monthly budget, and then stick to it. You will then know how much money you have, what you spend it on, and how much you can save.

M ostly c answersCongratulations! It sounds like you really know what you are doing when it comes to managing your money. You know how important it is to keep track of your spending and are responsible with your money.

d Together decide which superstition you think is a) the strangest b) the most impractical.

108

P E I H O W A W FU L! H O W 3 A I’M A TO U R IS T - C A N Y O U HELP ME?F A N T A S T IC ! Student B Student B

a Listen to A’s sentences and react with a aphrase, e.g., You’re kidding, Oh, no!, etc.

b Read your sentences 1 -9 for A to react.

1 I failed my driving test yesterday.2 I lost my wallet on the way to class.3 I met George Clooney at a party last week.4 I think I saw a ghost last night.5 I won a salsa competition last weekend.6 I'm going to be on a new edition of

Big Brother.7 My dog died yesterday.8 My grandfather has a black belt in karate.9 My uncle is 104.

c Tell A some real (or invented) news about you for A to react. React to A’s news.

Think o f the town / city where you are, or the nearest big town.A is a foreign tourist who is planning to get around using public transportation. You live in the town. Answer A’s questions and give as much information as you can.

Switch roles. You are a foreign tourist in the town. You have rented a car. Ask A questions 1 -5 . Get as much information from A as you can.

1 What time is rush hour in this town?2 Where are there usually traffic jams?3 What’s the speed limit in the town? Are there speed cameras

anywhere?4 What will happen if I park somewhere illegal?5 Where’s the nearest tourist attraction outside the city? How long

does it take to drive there from here?

4 A G U E S S T H E S E N TE N C E2 B ARE YO U H U N G R Y? Student B Student Ba Respond to A's questions. Say Yes, it’s . .. /

I ’m ..., etc. + the strong form o f the adjective that A used in the question. Remember to stress the strong adjective.

Is the water cole1?^) (^Yes, it’s freezing.

b Ask A your questions. He / She responds with the phrase in parentheses.

1 Are you afraid of flying? (Yes, I’m terrified.)2 Is the soup hot? (Yes, it’s boiling.)3 Was the teacher angry? (Yes, he / she was

furious.)4 Is the bedroom small? (Yes, it’s tiny.)5 Are the children hungry? (Yes, they’re

starving.)6 Is the chocolate cake good? (Yes, it’s

delicious.)7 Was she happy with the present? (Yes, she

was excited.)

c Repeat the exercise. Try to respond as quickly as possible.

a Look at sentences 7 -1 2 and think of the correct form of be able to + a base form verb. D on’t w rite anything yet!

7 It must be great to _________________ a lot of languages.8 I won't_________________ you tonight. I'm too busy.9 My grandmother can't walk very well, but luckily we

just outside the restaurant.10 They haven't_________________ an apartment yet. They’r

looking.11 You should_________________ this exercise. It’s very easy12 We really enjoy_________________ outside in the summei

b Now listen to A say sentence 1. I f it’s the same as your sentence 1 below, say “That’s right.” I f not, say “Try again” until A gets it right. Continue with 2 -6 .

1 I’m sorry I won’t be able to com e to your party next weekend.2 It was August, but we were able to find a hotel without any

problems.3 I used to be able to understand a little Japanese, but I can’t now.4 1 love being able to stay in bed late on the weekend.5 Will you be able to finish the work before Saturday?6 I’ve never been able to cook fish well.

c Read your sentence 7 to A. If it isn't right, try again until A tells you, “That’s right.” Then write it. Continue with 8 -1 2 .

Communication 109

Writing

1 A D E S C R IP T IO N O F A PER SO N

a Read the two Facebook messages once and answer the questions.

1 Why has Angela written to Sofia?2 Does Sofia recommend her friend to Angela?

& Messages

Angela Vernon

Hi Sofia,

I hope you're well.

I'm looking for an au pair to look after Austin and Melissa, and I remembered your Peruvian friend Marisol, who I met last summer. She said she might be interested in working in the US as an au pair, so I thought I would write and ask her. The thing is, I don't really know her, so before I write and suggest it, could you tell me a little about her (age, personality, etc., and what she likes doing) so that I can see if she would f i t in with the family? Please be honest!

Angela

Sofia Lugo

Hi Angela,

Marisol is one of my best friends, so of course I know her very well. She's 22, and she just graduated from college with a degree in economics, but she doesn't have a job yet, and I'm sure she would be jQt£jr££t£d in going to the US. Her parents are both doctors, and she has two younger brothers. She gets along very well with them, and they are a very close family.

Marisol's an intelligent girl and very hardworking. She can be really shy at first, but when she gets to know you she's incredibly friendly. She loves children - she often takes care of her brothers - so she has a lot of experience, and she's also very l^spf)rj$ahje.

In her free time she likes going to the movies, listening to music, and she's also very good atfo iogj^ghy-she always has her camera with her. She's really jcicl^p^ru^Qt and happy to do things on her own, so you won't have to worry about taking her to places.

The only problem with Marisol is that she's a little fQrggtfulL she sometimes loses things, like her keys, or her phone.Also, to be honest her English isn't great, but I'm sure she'll improve very quickly. I think Austin and Melissa will love her.

I hope this helps! Let me know if you need anything else.

Love,

Sofia

b The computer has found fiyejjjjeJfilig, J33j taisA§. it1 Sofia’s email. Can you correct them?

c Read both emails again. Then cover them and answer the questions from memory.

1 What five EE adjectives describe Marisol’s personality?

2 What does she like doing in her free time?3 What negative things does Sofia say about

Marisol?4 Does Sofia think Marisol will get along

with Angela’s family?

d Look at the highlighted expressions we use to modify adjectives. Put them in the correct place in the chart.

Marisol is very. forgetful.

P Useful language: describing a personHe’s really/ very, etc. + positive adjective (e.g., friendly, outgoing, etc.)She's a little + negative adjective (e.g., messy, shy, etc.)He likes/ loves/ doesn't mind + verb + -ing She's happy to + base form He’s good j with children

at making new friends

e Imagine you received Angela’s message asking about a friend of yours. W rite an email to answer it. Plan what you’re going to write using the paragraph headings below. Use the Useful language box and Vocabulary Bank Personality p. 153 to help you.

Paragraph 1 age, family, work / study

Paragraph 2 personality (good side)

Paragraph 3 hobbies and interests

Paragraph 4 any negative things?

f C heck your email for mistakes (grammar, vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).

< p . U

2 A N IN F O R M A L EM A IL

a Marisol went to the US and stayed for six months with a couple, Angela and Matt, working as an au pair. After going back to Peru, she sent them an email. Look at the list o f things she says in her email. Number them in a logical order 1-6 .

] She promises to send some photos.] She thanks them for her stay and says how

much she enjoyed it.I I She talks about what she’s been doing recently.

] She apologizes for not writing before.I I She thanks them again and invites them to stay.

] She talks about the nice things that happened when she was with them.

b Now read M arisol’s email and check your answers to a.

c Correct eight mistakes in the email (gl^JQtpEtr,p^jia ji^tion, and Sfleilitig.)

O Useful language: informal emails BeginningsHi + name (or Dear + name if you want to be a little more formal)Sorry for not writing sooner, but...Thank you / Thanks [so much) for (your letter, having me to stay etc.)...It was great to hear from you...

EndingsThat’s all for now.Hope to hear from you soon. / Looking forward to hearing from you soon.0Give my) regards / love to...Best wishes / Love (from)P.S. (when you want to add a short message at the end of an email) I’ve attached a photo...

d Imagine you have some American friends in the US, and you stayed with them for a week last month. W rite an email to say thank you. Plan what you're going to say. Use 1 -6 in a and the U seful language box to help you.

e C heck your email for mistakes (grammar, vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).

< p . 2 1

From: Marisol [[email protected]]To: Angela [[email protected]]Subject: Thanks

Hi Angela,

I'm really sorry for not writing sooner, but L^m very busy since I got back!

Thanks for a wonderful six months. I loved being in Colorado, and I had a great time. I also think my english got a little better... dQrit you think?

It was so nice to take care of Austin and Melissa. I thought they were adorable, and I think we had a fantastic time together. I have really good memories - for example our travel to Denver and the amusement park there!

I've been a little stressed these last few weeks, because I've started working at a restaurant, while I look for a full-time job.

a waitress is very hard work, but I can now afford to rent an apartment with Sofia and two other friends, and I'm saving fQi iQ jjtly a car! I’ve also spent a lot of time with my family - my brothers have changed so much over the past six months!

I've had several jugagg^s from Austin and Melissa since I've been back! Please tell them from me that I miss them and that LgttQd them some photos very soon.That's all for now. Thanks again for everything. And I hope you know you're welcome in Lima any time - my family would love to meet you. Summer here is usually beautiful.

Hope to hear from you soon. Give my regards to Matt!

Best wishes,Marisol

P.S. I've attached a photo I took of me with the kids. I hope you like it!

Writing 114

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Writing

3 A N A R TIC LE FOR A M A G A Z IN E

a Look at the four forms o f public transportation in New York City. W hich one do you think is probably...?

• the least expensive• the healthiest• the best if you want to see the sights of New York City• the safest to use at night

b Read an article from an online magazine for foreign students about public transportation in New York City and check your answers to a. Then answer these questions from memory.

1 What can you use a MetroCard for?2 What kind of money do you have to use if you want to

pay cash to ride a New York City bus?3 What’s the difference between a taxi and car service?

c Read the article again and fill in the blanks with a preposition from the list.

around at in next to on (x2) on the top of with

O Useful language: transportation in your townYou can buy MetroCards at many places in New York City. You need a ticket or card before you get on the subway. (You = people in general)Comparatives and superlatives:Buses aren’t as quick as trains.Riding a bike is the cheapest way to get around.

d W rite an article about transportation in your nearest town or city for foreign students. P lan what headings you're going to use and what to say about each form o f transportation.

e C h eck your article for mistakes (grammar, vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).

< p .2 7

Transportation in New York City

The Subway This is the quickest way to g e t1around the city, and there are many subway stations a ll over New York City. The cheapest way to use the subway is to get a MetroCard. This is Like a phone card. You put money on it, and you can add more when you need to. Then you useit every time you g e t2________ the subway. You can buyMetroCards at subway stations, newsstands, and even from your employer.

Buses They can be quicker than the subway if there isn't too much traffic. The easiest way to use the buses, Like the subway, is to just use your MetroCard. You canbuy a single-ride ticket from machines 3________ some,but not a ll bus stops. You can also pay cash (butno pennies and no paper money) when you g e t4________the bus. Traveling 5________ a private double-deckerbus is also a good way to see New York City.

Bikes Bikes are starting to become more popular inNew York City, especially 6________ tourists and peoplewho want to travel to parts o f the city. Like the waterfront areas, where subways don't usually go. One o f the newest bike-share programs is called C iti Bike. When you rent a bike from C iti Bike, you get a key that Looks Like a flash drive. You can use the key at any Citi Bike kiosk and get a bike to ride fo r the day.

Taxis and Car Service New York C ity's ye llow taxis are expensive, but they are comfortable, and the taxi drivers know shortcuts through the city to get you to places quickly. You usually te l l the driver where youwant to go when you g e t7________ the taxi. Car serviceis made up o f normal cars that work fo r a company, and you have to ca ll them ahead o f tim e to pick you up. They are more expensive than taxis. Taxis and car service are probably the safest way to travel Late8________ night.

subway double-decker bus j

taxibike

4 TE LLIN G A S T O R Y

DISASTROUS TRIPS!a A magazine asked its readers to send in stories o f a time they got lost. Read the story once. Why did Bethany and her husband get lost? What else went wrong?

b Read the story again and complete it with a connecting word or phrase from the list.

although as soon as because but instead of so then when

P Useful language: getting lostWe were going in the wrong direction.We took the wrong exit / turn.We turned right instead o f left.We didn't know where we were.We had to turn around and go back in the opposite direction.

c W rite about a trip where you got lost (or invent one) to send to the magazine. P lan what you’re going to write using the paragraph headings below. Use the U sefu l language to help you.

Paragraph 1 When was the journey? Where were you going? Who with? Why?

Paragraph 2 How did you get lost? What happened?

Paragraph 3 What happened in the end?

d C h eck your story for mistakes (grammar, vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).

< p .47

We asked you to te ll us about a tim e you got lost. Bethany from the US w ro te to us...

ANDORRA

larragona

MadridBALEARICISLANDS

Alicante,

200 miles

This happened a few years ago. My husband and I had rented a house in Galicia fo r a summer vacation. We were going to firs t drive to Tarragona, to stay fo r a few days with some friends,

and 1 then drive from Tarragona to Galicia.

The first part of the trip was fine. We were using our new GPS for the first time, and it took us right to the door of our friends' house. Threedays later,2________we continued our trip, we put in the name of thesmall town in Galicia, Nigran, which was our final destination. We started off, obediently following the instructions, but after a while we realizedtha t3________driving west toward Lerida, we were going north. Infact, soon we were very close to Andorra. I was sure we were going inthe wrong direction,4________my husband wanted to do what theGPS was telling us - it was his new toy! It was only when we started seeing mountains that even he admitted this couldn't be the right way.5________we stopped, got out an old map, and then turned around!We had wasted almost two hours going in the wrong direction!

It was an awful tr ip 6________as well as getting lost, when we werealmost at our destination we had another problem. We stopped for acoffee, bu t7________we got back onto the road, we realized that wehad left our dog under the table in the cafe! For the second time that day we had to turn around and go back. Luckily, the dog was still there!However,8________ the beginning of our trip was a disaster, we had awonderful vacation!

Writing 116

GALICIAX __

F R A N C E

Lerida

'

Listening

ı 6»)A I u su a lly h av e m e a t o r s e a f o o d . U su a lly s h r im p

o r s o m e th in g a s a n a p p e tiz e r a n d th e n m a y b e la m b fo r th e m a in c o u rs e .

B I o f t e n h av e re a d y -m a d e v e g e ta b le so u p s th a t you ju s t h av e to h e a t u p - in fa c t , th e y ’r e th e o n ly v e g e ta b le s I ev e r e a t ! A n d I u su a lly h av e a co u p le o f fr o z e n p iz z a s in th e f r e e z e r fo r e m e r g e n c ie s .I d o n ’t r e a lly o rd e r ta k e -o u t w h e n I ’m o n m y o w n , b u t i f I ’m w ith fr ie n d s in th e e v e n in g , w e s o m e t im e s o rd e r C h in e s e fo o d fo r d in n e r .

C E g g s a n d s o d a . I h av e e g g s fo r b r e a k fa s t a t le a s t tw ic e a w e e k , a n d I d r in k a c o u p le o f c a n s o f so d a e v e ry day.

D I f l ’m fe e lin g d o w n , c h ic k e n so u p , w ith n ic e b ig p ie c e s o f c h ic k e n in it . I t ’s w a r m a n d c o m f o r t in g . U h , I u su ally h ave a b a n a n a b e fo r e g o in g to th e g y m . I f I k n o w I’m g o in g to h ave a re a lly lo n g m eetin g ,I u su ally have a c o ffe e a n d a c u p ca k e b e ca u se I th in k it w ill k e ep m e aw ake an d giv e m e energy.

E F r u it - c h e r r ie s , s t r a w b e r r ie s , r a s p b e r r ie s , an d ap p le s . V e g e ta b le s - p e p p e rs , to m a t o e s , and c u c u m b e r s . T h e o n ly th in g 1 re a lly d o n 't lik e is z u c c h in i . I c a n ’t ev en s ta n d th e sm e ll o f it.

1 7»)P a r t 1I n t e r v i e w e r W h a t w a s y o u r fa v o r ite fo o d w h en

y o u w e re a c h ild ?S t e v e W e ll , 1 a lw a y s l ik e d u n u s u a l t h in g s , a t le a s t

th in g s t h a t m o s t E n g lis h c h ild r e n a t th e t im e d id n ’t lik e . F o r in s ta n c e , w h e n I w a s s ix o r sev en m y fa v o r ite th in g s w e re s n a ils , o h a n d p ra w n s w ith g a r lic .

I n t e r v i e w e r F u n n y th in g s fo r a s ix -y e a r-o ld E n g lis h b o y to lik e !

S t e v e W e ll , th e th in g is m y p a r e n ts l ik e d tr a v e lin g a n d e a t in g o u t a lo t , a n d 1 f i r s t tr ie d s n a i ls in F r a n c e , a n d th e p ra w n s , m y f ir s t p r a w n s I h a d a t a S p a n is h r e s ta u r a n t in th e to w n w h e re w e lived .

I n t e r v i e w e r S o y o u w e re in te r e s te d in S p a n is h fo o d r ig h t f r o m th e s t a r t . Is th a t w h y y o u d e c id e d t o c o m e to S p a in ?

S t e v e P a rtly , b u t o f c o u r s e , I su p p o s e lik e a lo t o f B r it is h p e o p le I w a n te d to s e e th e s u n ! T h e o th e r th in g th a t a t t r a c te d m e w h e n I g o t h e re w e re all th e fa n ta s t ic in g r e d ie n ts . I r e m e m b e r g o in g in to th e m a r k e t fo r th e f i r s t t im e a n d s a y in g “W o w !”

I n t e r v i e w e r W h e n y o u o p e n e d y o u r re s ta u r a n t , h o w d id y o u w a n t it to b e d if fe r e n t fr o m ty p ica l S p a n is h re s ta u r a n ts ?

S t e v e W e ll , w h e n 1 c a m e to S p a in , a ll th e g o o d r e s ta u r a n ts w e re v e ry fo r m a l, v e ry t r a d it io n a l . In L o n d o n th e n , th e fa s h io n w a s fo r in fo r m a l p la c e s w h e r e th e w a ite r s w o r e je a n s , b u t th e fo o d w a s a m a z in g . S o I w a n te d a r e s ta u r a n t a b i t l ik e th a t.I a ls o w a n te d a r e s ta u r a n t w h e r e y o u c o u ld tr y m o re in te r n a t io n a l fo o d , b u t m a d e w ith s o m e o f th e s e fa n ta s t ic lo c a l in g r e d ie n ts . F o r e x a m p le , S p a in ’s g o t w o n d e r fu l s e a fo o d , b u t u su a lly h ere i t ’s ju s t g r il le d o r f r ie d . I s ta r te d d o in g th in g s in m y r e s ta u r a n t l ik e c o o k in g V a le n c ia n m u sse ls in T h a i g r e e n c u r r y p a ste .

I n t e r v i e w e r W h a t d o y o u m o s t e n jo y c o o k in g ?S t e v e W h a t 1 m o s t e n jo y c o o k in g , 1 th in k , a re

th o s e tr a d it io n a l d is h e s w h ic h u se q u ite ch e a p in g r e d ie n ts , b u t th e y n e e d v e ry lo n g a n d c a re fu l c o o k in g , a n d th e n y o u tu r n it in to s o m e th in g re a lly s p e c ia l .. . l ik e a re a lly g o o d c a s s e r o le , fo r e x a m p le .

I n t e r v i e w e r A n d is th e r e a n y th in g y o u d o n ’t lik e c o o k in g ?

122

S t e v e M a y b e d e s s e r ts . Y o u h av e to b e v e ry v e ry p r e c is e w h e n y o u 'r e m a k in g d e s s e r ts . A n d t h a t ’s n o t th e w ay I am .

1 8»)P a r t 2I n t e r v i e w e r W h a t ’s th e b e s t th in g a b o u t r u n n in g

a r e s ta u r a n t?S t e v e I th in k th e b e s t th in g is m a k in g p e o p le

h ap p y . T h a t ’s w h y ev en a f t e r a ll th is t im e I s t il l e n jo y it s o m u c h .

I n t e r v i e w e r A n d th e w o r s t th in g ?S t e v e T h a t ’s ea sy , it h a s to b e th e lo n g h o u rs . T h is

w e e k fo r e x a m p le . I ’m c o o k in g n e a r ly ev ery day. W e u su a lly c lo s e o n S u n d a y s a n d M o n d a y s , b u t th is M o n d a y is a p u b lic h o lid a y , w h e n lo ts o f p e o p le w a n t to e a t o u t , s o w e ’re o p e n .

I n t e r v i e w e r S e u X e r e a is in a ll th e B r it is hr e s ta u r a n t g u id e s n o w . D o e s th a t m e a n y o u g e t a lo t o f B r it is h c u s to m e r s ?

S t e v e Y es , w e g e t a lo t o f B r i t is h p e o p le , e s p e c ia lly a t th e w e e k e n d s , b u t th e n w e g e t p e o p le fr o m o th e r c o u n tr ie s , to o .

I n t e r v i e w e r A n d a r e th e B r i t is h c u s to m e r s a n d th e S p a n is h c u s to m e r s v e ry d if fe r e n t?

S t e v e Y e s , I th in k th e y a re . T h e B r it is h a lw ay s say th a t e v e ry th in g is lovely , ev en i f th e y ’ve o n ly ea ten h a l f o f i t . T h e S p a n is h , o n th e o th e r h a n d , a re a b so lu te ly h o n e s t a b o u t e v e ry th in g . T h e y te lly o u w h a t th ey lik e ; th e y te ll y o u w h a t th ey d o n ’t lik e . I re m e m b e r w h en 1 f ir s t o p e n e d , I h ad su sh i o n th e m e n u , w h ich w a s very u n u su a l a t th a t tim e , an d 1 w e n t in to th e d in in g ro o m , a n d I sa id to p e o p le , “S o w h a t d o y o u th in k o f th e s u s h ? ” A n d th e c u s to m e rs , w h o w e re a ll S p a n is h , sa id “O h , it w a s a w fu l! It w as raw f is h !” A ctu a lly , I th in k 1 p re fe r th a t h o n esty , b e c a u se it h e lp s u s to k n o w w h a t p eo p le like .

I n t e r v i e w e r W h a t k in d o f c u s to m e r s d o y o u fin d d if f ic u l t?

S t e v e I th in k c u s t o m e r s w h o w a n t m e t o c o o k s o m e t h in g in a w a y t h a t 1 d o n ’t th in k is v ery g o o d . L e t ’s s e e , a p e r s o n w h o a s k s f o r a re a lly w e ll-d o n e s t e a k , fo r in s ta n c e . F o r m e t h a t ’s a d i f f i c u l t c u s to m e r . Y o u k n o w , say , “ I w a n t s t e a k ,” s o I g iv e th e m a r e a lly r e a lly w e ll-d o n e s t e a k , an d th e n th e y say “ I t ’s to u g h .” A n d I th in k w e ll, o f c o u r s e i t ’s to u g h . I t ’s w ell d o n e ! W e ll-d o n e s te a k is a lw a y s to u g h .

I n t e r v i e w e r P e o p le say th a t th e M e d ite r r a n e a n d ie t is v e ry h e a lth y . D o y o u th in k p e o p le ’s e a t in g h a b its in S p a in a r e c h a n g in g ?

S t e v e W e ll , i th in k th e y a re c h a n g in g - u n fo r tu n a te ly I th in k th e y ’r e g e t t in g w o rse . P e o p le a re e a t in g m o re u n h e a lth ily .

I n t e r v i e w e r H o w d o y o u n o t ic e th a t?S t e v e I s e e it w ith , e s p e c ia l ly w ith y o u n g e r fr ie n d s .

T h e y o f t e n e a t in fa s t-fo o d r e s ta u r a n ts , th e y d o n ’t c o o k .. . a n d a c tu a lly th e y o u n g e r o n e s c o m e fr o m a g e n e r a t io n w h e re th e i r m o th e r s d o n 't c o o k e ith e r . T h a t ’s w h a t’s h a p p e n in g n o w , a n d i t ’s a r e a l p ity .

1 27)))I n t e r v i e w e r T h is m o r n in g w e ’r e ta lk in g a b o u t

fa m ily a n d fa m ily l i fe , a n d n o w D a n ie l le B a r n e s is g o in g to te ll u s a b o u t a b o o k s h e h a s ju s t read c a lle d Birth Order b y L in d a B la ir . S o w h a t’s th e b o o k a b o u t , D a n ie l le ?

D a n i e l l e W e ll , it 's a ll a b o u t h o w o u r p o s itio n in th e fa m ily in f lu e n c e s th e k in d o f p e rso n w e a re . I m e a n w h e th e r w e’re f ir s t b o r n , a m id d le c h ild , a y o u n g e s t c h ild , o r an o n ly c h ild . L in d a B la ir a rg u e s th a t o u r p o s itio n in th e fa m ily is p o ss ib ly th e s tro n g e s t in f lu e n c e o n o u r c h a r a c te r a n d p e rso n a lity .

I n t e r v i e w e r S o t e l l u s m o r e a b o u t th is , D a n ie lle . W h a t a b o u t th e o ld e s t c h ild r e n in a fa m ily , th e f i r s t -b o r n ?

D a n i e l l e W e ll f i r s t - b o r n c h ild r e n o f t e n h av e to ta k e c a r e o f th e i r y o u n g e r b r o t h e r s a n d s is te r s , so th e y ’r e u su a lly s e n s ib le a n d re s p o n s ib le a s a d u lts . T h e y a ls o te n d to b e a m b it io u s , a n d th e y m a k e g o o d le a d e rs . M a n y U S P r e s id e n ts a n d B r it is h P r im e M in is t e r s , in c lu d in g f o r e x a m p le A b ra h a m L in c o ln w e re o ld e s t c h ild r e n .O n th e n eg ativ e s id e , o ld e s t c h ild r e n c a n b e in s e c u re an d a n x io u s . T h i s is b e c a u se w h en th e se c o n d ch ild w a s b o r n , lie o r sh e lo st so m e o f h is o r h e r p a re n ts ’ a t te n tio n an d m ay b e h e o r s h e fe lt re je c te d .

I n t e r v i e w e r T h a t ’s v e ry in te r e s t in g . W h a t a b o u t th e m id d le c h ild ?

D a n i e l l e M id d le c h ild r e n a re u su a lly m o re re la x e d th a n o ld e s t c h ild r e n . T h a t ’s p ro b a b ly b e c a u se th e p a re n ts a r e m o re re la x e d th e m s e lv e s by th e t im e th e s e c o n d c h ild a rr iv e s . T h e y ’re u su a lly v e ry s o c ia b le - th e k in d o f p e o p le w h o g e t a lo n g w ith e v e ry b o d y , a n d th e y ’re a ls o u su a lly s e n s it iv e to w h a t o th e r p e o p le n e e d . N o w , th is is b e c a u se th ey grew ' u p b e tw e e n o ld e r a n d y o u n g e r b r o th e r s a n d s is te r s . F o r th e s a m e r e a s o n th e y a r e o fte n g o o d a t s o r t in g o u t a r g u m e n ts , a n d th e y 're a lw a y s s y m p a th e t ic to th e o n e s o n th e lo s in g s id e , o r in g e n e r a l t o p e o p le w h o a r e h a v in g p r o b le m s . O n th e o th e r h a n d , m id d le c h ild r e n c a n s o m e t im e s b e u n a m b it io u s , a n d th e y c a n la ck d ir e c t io n in life .

I n t e r v i e w e r A n d y o u n g e s t c h ild r e n ?D a n i e l l e I w a s v e ry in te r e s te d in th is p a r t o f

th e b o o k b e c a u s e I ’m a y o u n g e s t c h ild m y se lf .It s e e m s th a t y o u n g e s t c h ild r e n a re o f t e n v e ry o u tg o in g a n d c h a r m in g . T h i s is th e w a y th e y try to g e t th e a tte n tio n o f b o th t h e i r p a r e n ts a n d th e ir o ld e r b r o th e r s a n d s is te r s .T h e y a re o f t e n m o re r e b e llio u s , a n d th is is p ro b a b ly b e c a u s e i t ’s e a s ie r f o r th e y o u n g e s t c h ild r e n to b r e a k th e r u l e s - b y th is t im e th e ir p a re n ts a re m o r e re la x e d a b o u t d is c ip lin e .O n th e n e g a tiv e s id e , y o u n g e s t c h ild r e n c a n be im m a tu r e a n d d is o r g a n iz e d , a n d th e y o fte n d e p e n d t o o m u c h o n o th e r p e o p le . T h is is b e c a u s e th e y h av e a lw a y s b e e n th e b a b y o f t h e fa m ily .

I n t e r v i e w e r F a s c in a t in g . A n d fin a lly , w h a t a b o u t o n ly c h ild r e n ?

D a n i e l l e O n ly c h ild r e n u su a lly d o v e ry w e ll at s c h o o l b e c a u s e th e y h av e a lo t o f c o n t a c t w ith a d u lts . T h e y g e t a lo t o f lo v e a n d a t te n tio n fro m th e ir p a r e n ts , s o th e y ’re ty p ica lly s e lf - c o n f id e n t . T h e y ’re a ls o in d e p e n d e n t b e c a u s e th e y ’re u sed to b e in g by th e m s e lv e s . A n d b e c a u s e th e y sp e n d a lo t o f t im e w ith a d u lts th e y ’re u su a lly v e ry o rg a n iz e d .

I n t e r v i e w e r I ’m a n o n ly c h ild m y s e l f a n d p eo p le a lw a y s th in k th a t I m u s t b e sp o ile d . I s th a t tru e , a c c o r d in g to L in d a B la ir?

D a n i e l l e W e ll, i t ’s tr u e th a t o n ly ch ild re n ca n s o m e tim e s b e sp o iled by th e ir p a re n ts b ecau se th e y ’re g iv en e v e ry th in g th e y ask fo r . A ls o , o n th e n eg ativ e sid e , o n ly ch ild ren ca n b e s e lf ish , a n d th ey c a n a lso b e im p a tie n t, e sp e c ia lly w h en th in g s g o w r o n g .T h is is b e ca u se th e y ’r e n o t u sed to so rt in g out p ro b le m s w ith o th e r b ro th e rs a n d siste rs .

1 28)))J e n n y M y n a m e ’s je n n y Z ie l in s k i. A n d N e w Y ork

is m y c ity . I liv e h e re a n d I w o rk fo r a m a g a z in e , NewYork24seven.

R o b M y n a m e ’s R o b W a lk e r . I ’m a w r i te r o n NewYork24seven. Y o u c a n p ro b a b ly te ll fr o m m y a c c e n t th a t I ’m n o t a c tu a lly f r o m N e w Y o rk . I ’m B r i t is h , a n d 1 c a m e o v e r to th e S t a t e s a few m o n th s ag o .

J e n n y I m e t R o b in L o n d o n w h e n I w a s v is i t in g th e U K o n a w o rk tr ip . H e w a s w r it in g fo r th e L o n d o n e d it io n o f 24seven. W e g o t a lo n g w e ll r ig h t aw ay. I re a lly l ik e d h im .

R o b S o w h y a m 1 in N ew Y o r k ? B e c a u s e o f Je n n y , o f c o u r s e . W h e n th e y g av e m e th e o p p o r tu n ity t o w o rk h e re fo r a m o n th , I to o k it im m e d ia te ly .I t g av e u s th e c h a n c e to g e t to k n o w e a c h o th e r b e t te r . W h e n th e y o f fe r e d m e a p e r m a n e n t jo b I c o u ld n ’t b e lie v e it!

J e n n y I h e lp ed R o b fin d a n a p a r tm e n t . A n d n o w h e re w e a re . T o g e th e r in N e w Y o rk . I 'm s o h ap p y . I ju s t h o p e R o b ’s h ap p y h e re , to o .

R o b I r e a lly lo v ed l iv in g in L o n d o n . A lo t o f m y fr ie n d s a n d fa m ily a r e th e r e , so o f c o u r s e I s t il l m is s i t . B u t N ew Y o r k ’s a fa n ta s t ic c ity . I ’v e g o t a g r e a t jo b a n d Je n n y ’s h e re , to o .

J e n n y T h in g s a r e c h a n g in g p re tty fa s t in th e o f f ic e . W e h ave a n e w b o s s , D o n T a y lo r . A n d th in g s a re c h a n g in g in m y p e r s o n a l l i fe , to o . T h is e v e n in g 's k in d o f im p o r t a n t . I ’m ta k in g R o b to m e e t m y p a r e n ts f o r th e v e ry f i r s t t im e . 1 ju s t h o p e it g o e s w e ll!

1 29)))J e n n y I c a n ’t b e lie v e w e g o t h e re s o la te .R o b I ’m s o rr y , Je n n y . I h a d t o f in is h th a t a r t i c le fo r

D o n .J e n n y D o n ’t fo r g e t th e c h o c o la te s .R o b O K .R o b O h , n o !J e n n y I d on ’t b e liev e it. D o n 't te ll m e y o u fo rg o t th em !?R o b I th in k th e y ’re s t i l l o n m y d esk .J e n n y Y o u 're k id d in g .R o b Y o u k n o w w h a t m y d e s k ’s lik e .J e n n y Y e a h , i t ’s a c o m p le te m e s s . W h y d o n ’t you

e v e r tid y it?R o b W e c o u ld g o a n d b u y s o m e m o re .J e n n y H o w ca n w e gel so m e m o re ? W e 're a lread y late !J e n n y H i, th e r e !H a r r y Y o u m a d e it!J e n n y S o r r y w e ’r e la te . S o , th is is m y m o m a n d d ad ,

H a r r y a n d S a lly . A n d th is , o f c o u r s e , is R o b .R o b H e llo .S a l l y I t 's s o n ic e to m e e t y o u a t la s t.H a r r y Y e s , je n n y 's f in a lly d e c id e d to in tro d u c e

y o u to us.S a l l y C o m e in , c o m e in !J e n n y M o m , I ’m re a lly s o r r y - w e b o u g h t y o u s o m e

c h o c o la te s , b u t w e le f t th e m a t th e o f f ic e .S a l l y W h a t a p ity . N e v e r m in d .H a r r y Y e a h , d o n ’t w o r ry a b o u t it . W e k n o w w h a t

a b u sy y o u n g w o m a n y o u a re . A n d y o u r m o m h a s m a d e w ay to o m u c h fo o d f o r t h is e v e n in g an y w ay .

S a l l y O h , H a r ry .J e n n y B u t i a ls o h av e so m e g o o d n ew s.S a l l y R e a lly ? W h a t ’s th a t?J e n n y W e ll ,y o u k n o w w e h av e a n ew b o s s ? H e ’s

s t i l l n ew to th e jo b a n d n e e d s s u p p o rt , s o to d a y h e m a d e m e th e m a n a g in g e d ito r o f th e m a g a z in e .

S a l l y S o y o u ’v e g o t a p r o m o t io n ? H o w fa n ta s t ic !H a r r y T h a t ’s g r e a t n e w s! H ey , d o e s th a t m e a n

Je n n y ’s g o in g to b e y o u r b o s s , R o b ?R o b U K ... y e s , 1 g u e s s so .J e n n y W e ll , n o t e x a c tly . I ’m a m a n a g e r , b u t I ’m n o t

R o b ’s m a n a g e r .S a l l y L e t ’s g o a n d h ave d in n e r .J e n n y W h a t a g r e a t id ea !

1 32)))H a r r y Y o u k n o w , o u r Je n n y l ia s d o n e in c r e d ib ly

w e ll, R o b . S h e ’s th e f i r s t m e m b e r o f o u r fa m ily to s tu d y a t H a r v a rd . S h e 's a v e ry c a p a b le an d a m b it io u s y o u n g w o m a n .

J e n n y O il , D a d .R o b N o , i t ’s t r u e , Je n n y .H a r r y B u t w h a t a b o u t y o u , R o b ? i lo w d o you se e y ou r

c a re e r? D o y o u se e y o u r s e lf g o in g in to m a n ag em en t?R o b M e ? N o . N o t re a lly . I 'm m o re o f a ... a w r ite r .H a r r y R e a lly ? W h a t k in d o f th in g s d o y o u w r ite ?R o b U m .. .y o u k n o w , in te r v ie w s , re v ie w s ... th in g s

lik e th a t . . . a n d I ’m d o in g a lo t o f w o rk fo r th e o n lin e m a g a z in e ...

J e n n y R o b ’s a v e ry ta le n te d w r ite r , D a d . H e ’s v ery c r e a t iv e .

H a r r y T h a t ’s g r e a t , b u t b e in g c re a t iv e d o e s n ’t a lw a y s pay th e b ills .

J e n n y Y o u k n o w , m y d a d ’s a v e ry k e e n p h o to g r a p h e r . H e t o o k a ll o f th e s e p h o to s .

H a r r y O h , R o b w o n ’t b e in te r e s te d in th o s e .R o b B u t 1 a m in te r e s te d . I m e a n , I lik e p h o to g ra p h y .

A n d I th in k 1 r e c o g n iz e so m e o f th e s e p e o p le .. .H a r r y T h a t ’s b e c a u s e m o s t o f th e m a r e o f Je n n y .R o b B u t th e r e a r e s o m e g r e a t ja z z m u s ic ia n s , to o .

T h a t ’s M ile s D a v is ... a n d is n 't th a t Jo h n C o itr a n e ? A n d t h a t ’s W y n to n M a rs a lis .

H a r r y Y o u k n o w a b o u t W y n to n M a r s a lis ?R o b K n o w a b o u t h im ? I ’v e in te r v ie w e d h im !H a r r y H o w in c r e d ib le ! I lo v e th a t g u y . H e ’s a h ero

o f m in e .R o b W e ll , h e ’s a re a lly n ic e g u y . I sp e n t a w h o le day

w ith h im , c h a t t in g a n d w a tc h in g h im re h e a rs e .H a r r y R e a lly ? I w a n t to h e a r a l l a b o u t it.S a l l y H a v e a c o o k ie , R o b .H a r r y G o a h e a d , s o n ! S a l ly m a k e s th e b e s t c o o k ie s

in N e w Y o rk !

1 40)))1 I ’m a s p e n d e r , I th in k . 1 tr y to sa v e , b u t s o m e th in g

a lw a y s s e e m s to c o m e a lo n g th a t I n e e d to buy , a n d I en d u p b r o k e . I c a n g e t b y w ith v e ry l it t le m o n e y fo r m y s e l f w h e n I n e e d to , b u t I d o n ’t se e m to b e g o o d a t h o ld in g o n to it . A ls o , i f m y k id s ask to b o r r o w s o m e m o n e y , I a lw a y s say y e s .

2 I w o u ld s a y th a t I ’m a sp e n d e r , i sp e n d m o n e y o n th in g s l ik e c o n c e r ts o r o n t r ip s b e c a u s e I lik e h a v in g th e e x p e r ie n c e a n d th e m e m o r ie s . I k n o w th a t 1 sh o u ld sp e n d m y m o n e y o n t i l in g s th a t la s t, o r sav e fo r th e fu tu r e , b u t 1 d o n ’t w a n t to m is s a ll th o s e g o o d t i l in g s t h a t a r e h a p p e n in g r ig h t now .

3 I c o n s id e r m y s e l f a sp e n d e r . I d o n ’t h av e m u ch m o n e y , b u t w h e n 1 d o h av e s o m e th e r e ’s a lw a y s s o m e t h in g I n e e d o r w a n t to s p e n d it o n . 1 love c o m p u te r s a n d c o m p u te r g a m e s , s o I b u y th in g s to m a k e s u r e m y c o m p u te r i s a lw a y s u p to d a te .I k n o w i t ’s n o t v e ry s e n s ib le , b u t i t ’s im p o r ta n t to m e .

4 T h a t ’s h a rd to say. I c a n sa v e m o n e y i f th e r e ’s s o m e t h in g I re a lly , re a lly w a n t, b u t u su a lly m y m o n e y d is a p p e a r s a s s o o n a s I g e t it . I g e t so m e m o n e y fr o m m y p a r e n ts e v e ry w e e k , s o 1 h ave ju s t e n o u g h m o n e y t o g o to th e m o v ie s w ith m y f r ie n d s a n d to b u y s o m e t h in g fo r m y s e lf , m a y b ea b o o k o r a D V D o r s o m e m a k e u p .. . I u su a lly en d u p b u y in g s o m e th in g . B u t, fo r e x a m p le , i f I w a n t to g o o n a t r i p w ith m y fr ie n d s , th e n I c a n m a k e a n e f f o r t a n d sav e s o m e m o n e y fo r a fe w w e e k s .

5 S in c e I w a s l i t t le , I ’v e a lw a y s sa v ed a b o u t a th ir d o f th e m o n e y I g e t . I w o u ld n e v e r th in k o f s p e n d in g a ll th e m o n e y 1 h a v e . Y o u c o u ld say th a t I ’m c a r e fu l a b o u t m o n e y . W h e n 1 w a n t to bu y s o m e t h in g t h a t ’s e x p e n s iv e , I d o n ’t u se a c re d it c a rd . I ta k e th e m o n e y o u t o f th e b a n k s o I n ev er h av e to w o r ry a b o u t g e t t in g in to d e b t.

6 I ’d sa y a sa v e r , d e fin ite ly . I l ik e h a v in g s o m e m o n e y sa v ed in c a s e I h av e a n e m e r g e n c y . 1 a lso th in k v e ry c a r e fu lly b e fo r e I b u y s o m e th in g , an d I a lw a y s m a k e s u r e i t ’s th e b e s t I c a n bu y fo r th a t p r ic e . B u t I w o u ld n 't d e s c r ib e m y s e l f a s ch e a p . I lo v e b u y in g p r e s e n ts fo r p e o p le , a n d w h e n I d o sp e n d m y m o n e y I l ik e t o b u y n ic e th in g s , ev en i f th e y ’r e m o re e x p e n s iv e .

1 45)))P a r t iI n t e r v i e w e r Ja n e , y o u ’re a n e le m e n ta r y s c h o o l

te a c h e r , a n d a w r ite r . W h a t k in d o f b o o k s d o y o u w r ite ?

J a n e W e ll , I w r i te b o o k s fo r c h ild r e n w h o a re le a r n in g E n g lis h a s a fo r e ig n la n g u a g e .

I n t e r v i e w e r H o w lo n g h av e y o u b e e n a w r ite r ?J a n e U h , let m e s e e , s in ce 1 9 9 0 . S o fo r a b o u t 2 2 y e a r s .I n t e r v i e w e r T e ll u s a b o u t th e t r ip th a t c h a n g e d

y o u r l i fe . W h e r e w e re y o u g o in g ?

J a n e W e ll , it w a s in th e s u m m e r o f 2 0 0 8 , a n d m y f a m i l y - m y h u sb a n d a n d 1 a n d o u r th r e e c h ild r e n , d e c id e d t o h av e a h o lid a y o f a l i f e t im e , a n d to go to A fr ic a . W e w e n t to U g a n d a a n d R w a n d a , to s e e th e m o u n ta in g o r il la s . It w a s s o m e th in g w e'd a lw a y s w a n te d t o d o . A n y w a y , a b o u t h a l f w ay th ro u g h th e t r ip , w e w e re in U g a n d a , a n d w e w e re tr a v e lin g in a lo r r y w h e n th e lo r r y b ro k e d o w n .S o th e d r iv e r h a d to f in d a m e c h a n ic to c o m e an d h e lp f ix it.

I n t e r v i e w e r A n d th e n w h a t h a p p e n e d ?J a n e W e ll , a s s o o n a s w e s to p p e d , lo ts o f c h ild r e n

a p p e a re d a n d s u r ro u n d e d u s . I c o u ld s e e so m e lo n g b u ild in g s q u ite n e a r , s o 1 a sk e d th e c h ild r e n w h a t th e y w e re , a n d th e y sa id in E n g lis h “T h a t ’s o u r s c h o o l ." A n d I w a s v e ry c u r io u s to s e e w h a t a U g a n d a n s c h o o l w a s lik e , s o I a sk e d th e m to sh o w it to m e .

I n t e r v i e w e r W h a t w a s i t lik e ?J a n e i w a s s h o c k e d w h e n I f i r s t sa w it. T h e w a lls

w e re f a l l in g d o w n , th e b la c k b o a r d s w e re b ro k e n , a n d th e r e w e re n ’t m a n y d e s k s . B u t th e c h ild r e n w e re s o fr ie n d ly , a n d I a sk e d th e m i f th e y w ou ld lik e to le a rn a s o n g in E n g lis h . T h e y s a id y e s , an d I s ta r te d te a c h in g th e m s o m e s o n g s , l ik e Heads, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes a s o n g I ’v e u se d a ll o v e r th e w o rld to te a c h c h ild r e n p a r ts o f th e b od y . A lm o s t im m e d ia te ly th e c la s s r o o m f il le d u p w ith c h ild r e n o f a l i a g e s , a n d th e y a ll w a n te d to le a rn .I w a s ju s t a m a z e d b y h o w q u ic k ly th e y le a rn e d th e so n g !

I n t e r v i e w e r D id y o u m e e t th e te a ch e r s ?J a n e Y e s , w e d id , a n d th e h e a d m a s te r , to o . H e

e x p la in e d th a t th e s c h o o l w a s c a lle d S t . (o s e p h s , a n d it w a s a c o m m u n ity s c h o o l fo r o r p h a n s , v ery p o o r c h ild r e n a n d re fu g e e s . I a sk e d h im w h a t th e s c h o o l n e e d e d . I th o u g h t th a t h e m ig h t say “w e n e e d b o o k s , o r p a p e r ,” a n d th e n la te r w e co u ld s e n d th e m to h im . B u t a c tu a lly h e sa id “W h a t w e n e e d is a n e w s c h o o l ." A n d i th o u g h t y e s , o f c o u rs e h e 's r ig h t . T h e s e c h ild r e n d e se rv e to h av e b e t te r c o n d it io n s th a n th is to le a r n in . S o w h e n 1 g o t b a c k h o m e , m y h u sb a n d a n d I, a n d o th e r p e o p le w h o w e re w ith u s o n th e tr ip d e c id e d to s e t u p an o r g a n iz a t io n to g e t m o n e y to b u ild a n ew s c h o o l .

1 46)))P a r t 2I n t e r v i e w e r S o A d e la n te A fr ic a w a s b o r n . W h y

d id y o u d e c id e to c a ll it th a t?J a n e W e ll , w e w a n te d a n a m e th a t g av e th e id e a

o f A fr ic a m o v in g fo rw a rd , a n d m y h u sb a n d is S p a n is h , a n d h e s u g g e s te d A d e la n te A fr ic a , b e c a u s e in S p a n is h A d a la n te m e a n s “g o fo r w a r d ,” a n d A d e la n te A f r ic a s o r t o f so u n d e d b e t te r th a n “G o F o r w a r d , A fr ic a .”

I n t e r v i e w e r H o w lo n g d id it ta k e to ra is e th e m o n e y fo r th e n e w s c h o o l?

J a n e A m a z in g ly e n o u g h , n o t lo n g re a lly , o n ly a b o u t tw o y e a r s . T h e s c h o o l o p e n e d o n th e 1 4 th M a rc h 2 0 1 0 w ith 7 5 c h ild r e n . T o d a y , it h a s n e a r ly 5 0 0 c h ild r e n .

I n t e r v i e w e r T h a t ’s g r e a t ! 1 u n d e rs ta n d t h a t s in c e th e n ew s c h o o l o p e n e d y o u ’v e b e e n w o r k in g o n o th e r p r o je c ts fo r th e s e c h ild r e n .

J a n e Y e s . W h e n w e o p e n e d th e s c h o o l w e re a liz e d th a t a lth o u g h th e c h ild r e n n o w h a d a b e a u tifu l n e w s c h o o l , th e y c o u ld n ’t r e a lly m a k e m u ch p r o g r e s s b e c a u s e th e y w e re s u f fe r in g fr o m m a ln u tr it io n , m a la r ia , th in g s lik e th a t . S o w e ’ve b e e n w o r k in g to im p ro v e t h e i r d ie t a n d h e a lth , a n d a t th e m o m e n t w e 're b u ild in g a h o u s e w h e re c h ild r e n w h o d o n ’t h av e f a m il ie s c a n live.

I n t e r v i e w e r A n d a r e y o u r c h ild r e n in v o lv ed in A d e la n te A fr ic a to o ?

J a n e Y e s , a b s o lu te ly ! T h e y a l l g o o u t t o U g a n d a a t le a s t o n c e a y e a r . M y d a u g h te r T e s s ie ru n s th e F a c e b o o k p a g e , a n d m y o th e r d a u g h te r A n a r u n s a p r o je c t to h e lp c h ild r e n to g o to s e c o n d a ry s c h o o l , a n d G e o r g ie , m y s o n , o r g a n iz e s a fo o tb a ll to u r n a m e n t th e r e e v e ry y e a r .

I n t e r v i e w e r A n d h o w d o y o u th in k y o u h ave m o s t c h a n g e d d ie c h ild r e n ’s liv e s?

Listening 123

Jane I th in k th e s c h o o l h a s c h a n g e d th e c h ild r e n ’s liv es b e c a u s e it h a s g iv e n th e m h o p e . P e o p le fr o m o u ts id e c a m e a n d lis te n e d to th e m a n d c a re d a b o u t th e m . B u t i t ’s n o t o n ly th e c h ild r e n w h o s e liv es h av e c h a n g e d . A d e la n te A fr ic a h a s a ls o ch a n g e d m e a n d m y fa m ily . W e h av e b e e n v e ry lu ck y in life . I fe e l th a t l ife h a s g iv en m e a lo t . N o w I w a n t to g iv e s o m e th in g b a c k . B u t i t ’s n o t a ll g iv in g . I fe e l th a t I g e t m o re f r o m th e m th a n I g iv e ! I lo v e b e in g th e r e . I lo v e th e ir s m ile s a n d h o w th e y h ave su ch a s t r o n g s e n s e o f c o m m u n ity , a n d I lo v e fe e l in g th a t m y fa m ily a n d th e o th e r m e m b e r s o f A d e la n te A fr ic a a re a c c e p te d a s p a r t o f t h a t c o m m u n ity .

Interviewer A n d d o y o u h av e a w e b s ite ?Jane Y es, w e d o . I t ’s w w w .a d e la n te a fr ic a .c o m .

W e ’v e h ad th e w e b s ite fo r a b o u t fo u r y e a r s . I t w a s o n e o f th e f i r s t th in g s w e s e t u p . I f y o u 'd l ik e to f in d o u t m o re a b o u t A d e la n te A fr ic a , p le a se go th e r e a n d h ave a lo o k . T h e r e a re lo t s o f p h o to s a n d ev en a v id e o m y s o n t o o k o f m e te a c h in g th e c h ild r e n to s in g o n th a t f i r s t day. M a y b e it w ill c h a n g e y o u r l i f e to o , w h o k n o w s ?

1 52)))Phone call 4I h a v e n ’t h ad a n y m u s ic fo r th e la s t th r e e d ay s, b e c a u s e m y iP o d b r o k e , s o p a d d lin g h a s b e e n g e tt in g m o re b o r in g . T o p a ss th e t im e I c o u n t o r I n a m e c o u n tr ie s in m y h e a d , a n d s o m e t im e s I ju s t lo o k up a t th e sk y . S o m e t im e s th e sk y is p in k w ith c lo u d s th a t lo o k l ik e c o t t o n , a n d o th e r t im e s i t ’s d a r k lik e th e s m o k e fr o m a f i r e , a n d s o m e t im e s i t ’s b r ig h t b lu e . T h e d ay th a t I r e a d ie d th e h a lf w a y p o in t in m y tr ip , th e s k y w a s b r ig h t b lu e . I ’m s u p e r s t it io u s so i d id n 't c e le b r a te - th e r e ’s s t i l l a v e ry lo n g w a y to g o .

Phone call 5T h is w e e k (h e m o s q u ito e s h a v e b e e n d r iv in g m e c ra z y . T h e y o b v io u s ly th in k I ’m e a sy fo o d ! T h e y e s p e c ia l ly l ik e m y fe e t . 1 w a k e u p in th e n ig h t w h en th e y b ite m e , a n d 1 c a n ’t s to p s c r a t c h in g m y fe e t .

B u t I ’m fe e l in g h a p p ie r n o w th a n I ’v e b e e n fe e l in g fo r w e e k s . I 'v e s e e n a lo t o f a m a z in g w ild life t h i s w e e k . O n e day, I fo u n d m y s e l f in th e m id d le o f a g r o u p o f d o lp h in s . T h e r e w e re a b o u t s ix p a irs ju m p in g o u t o f th e w a te r . I 'v e a ls o s e e n e n o r m o u s b u t te r f l ie s , ig u a n a s , a n d v u ltu r e s th a t f ly a b o v e m e in b ig g r o u p s . Y e ste rd a y , a f is h ju m p e d in to m y k a y a k . M a y b e it m e a n s I ’m g o in g t o b e lu cky . I am s t a r t in g to fe e l a l i t t le sa d th a t th is a d v e n tu re is c o m in g ro a n e n d .

A n d f in a lly o n th e n e w s , T V h o s t H e le n S k e l to n h a s s u c c e s s fu lly c o m p le te d h e r 1 ,9 9 8 - m ile tr ip d o w n th e A m a z o n R iv e r in a k a y a k . S h e le f t f r o m N a u ta in P e ru s ix w e e k s a g o o n a t r ip th a t m a n y p e o p le sa id w o u ld b e im p o s s ib le . B u t y e s te rd a y , sh e c ro s s e d th e f in is h l in e a t A lm e ir im in B r a z il to b e c o m e th e f ir s t w o m a n to p a d d le d o w n th e A m a z o n . H e r e ’s H e le n : “ I t ’s b e e n h a rd , b u t I ’ve h ad a n a m a z in g t im e . T h e o n ly th in g I ’v e re a lly m is s e d is m y d o g B a r n e y . S o th e f i r s t th in g I ’m g o in g to d o w ill b e to p ic k h im up a n d ta k e h im fo r a n ic e lo n g w a lk .”

2 9)))T a n n e r to o k a ta x i fr o m th e th e b o a ty a r d to th e a ir p o r t w h e r e th e s e a p la n e w a s le a v in g fr o m . It to o k 4 5 m in u te s to g e t f r o m th e b o a t y a rd to th e a i r p o r t . O n c e h e g o t o n th e s e a p la n e , T a n n e r q u ick ly m a d e u p th e t im e h e s p e n t r id in g in th e ta x i . W ith th e p la n e f ly in g c lo s e to 1 0 0 m ile s an h o u r , T a n n e r c a u g h t u p to R u t le d g e a n d A d a m n e a r S e v e n M ile B r id g e . A f t e r la n d in g a t th e a i r p o r t in K e y W e s t , T a n n e r re n te d a s c o o te r fo r th e la s t th r e e m ile s o f th e r a c e . Ju s t a fe w m o re m in u te s u n ti l h e a rr iv e d a t th e s o u th e r n -m o s t p o in t o f th e U S .

2 15)))H o s t A n d o n to n ig h t ’s p ro g ra m w e ta lk to T o m

D ix o n , w h o is a n e x p e r t o n ro a d s a fe ty . T o m , n ew te c h n o lo g y l ik e G P S d e v ic e s h a s m e a n t n ew d is t r a c t io n s fo r d r iv e rs , h a s n ’t it?

T o m T h a t ’s r ig h t , N ick y , b u t it i s n ’t ju s t te c h n o lo g y t h a t ’s th e p ro b le m . C a r d r iv e r s d o a lo t o f o t h e r th in g s w h ile th e y ’re d r iv in g th a t a r e d a n g e ro u s

124 Listening

a n d th a t c a n c a u s e a c c id e n ts . R e m e m b e r , d r iv e r d is t r a c t io n is th e n u m b e r o n e c a u s e o f ro a d a c c id e n ts .

H o s t N o w I k n o w y o u ’v e b e e n d o in g a lo t o f te s ts w ith s im u la to r s . A c c o r d in g io y o u r te s ts , w h a t ’s th e m o s t d a n g e ro u s th in g to d o w h e n y o u ’re d r iv in g ?

T o m T h e te s ts w e did in a s im u la to r sh o w ed t hat th e m o s t d a n g e ro u s th in g to d o w h ile y o u ’re d r iv in g is to s e n d o r re ce iv e a t e x t m e ssa g e . T h is is in c r e d ib ly d a n g e ro u s , a n d it is , o f c o u r s e , ille g a l. In fa c t , re s e a r c h c lon e b y th e p o lic e s h o w s th a t th is is m o re d a n g e ro u s th a n d r in k in g a n d d r iv in g .

H o s t W h y i s th a t?T o m W e ll , th e r e a s o n is o b v io u s - m a n y p e o p le u se

tw o h a n d s to t e x t , o n e to h o ld th e p h o n e a n d th e o th e r t o ty p e . W h ic h m e a n s th a t th e y d o n ’t h ave t h e i r h a n d s o n th e w h e e l, a n d th e y ’re lo o k in g a t th e p h o n e , n o t a t th e ro a d . E v en fo r p e o p le w h o c a n t e x t w ith o n e h a n d , i t ’s s t i l l e x tre m e ly d a n g e ro u s , h i th e te s ts w e d id in th e s im u la to r , tw o o f th e d r iv e r s c r a s h e d w h ile te x tin g .

H o s t A n d w h ic h is th e n e x t m o s t d a n g e ro u s?T o m T h e n e x t m o s t d a n g e ro u s th in g is to s e t o r

a d ju s t y o u r G P S . T h i s is e x tr e m e ly h a z a rd o u s to o b e c a u s e a lth o u g h y o u c a n d o it w ith o n e h a n d , you s t i l l h av e to ta k e y o u r e y e s o f f t h e ro a d fo r a few s e c o n d s .

H o s t A n d n u m b e r th r e e ?Tom N u m b e r th r e e w a s p u ttin g o n m a k eu p o r d o in g

y o u r h a ir . In fa c t , th is is s o m e th in g th a t p eo p le o fte n d o , e sp e c ia lly w o m e n , o f c o u rs e , w h en th ey s to p a t t r a f f ic lig h ts , b u t i f t h e y h av en ’t fin ish e d w h en th e lig h ts c h a n g e , th ey o fte n c o n tin u e w h en th ey s ta r t d r iv in g a g a in . I t ’s th a t fa ta l c o m b in a tio n o f ju s t h a v in g o n e h a n d o n th e s te e r in g w h e e l, and lo o k in g in th e m ir r o r , n o t a t th e ro ad .

H o s t A n d n u m b e r fo u r?T o m In fo u r th p la c e , th e r e a r e tw o a c t iv it ie s th a t a re

e q u a lly d a n g e ro u s . O n e o f th e m is m a k in g a p h o n e c a l l o n a c e ll p h o n e . O u r r e s e a rc h sh o w e d th a t w h en p e o p le ta lk o n th e p h o n e , th e y d r iv e m o re s lo w ly (w h ic h c a n b e ju s t a s d a n g e ro u s a s d r iv in g fa s t ) , b u t th e ir c o n tr o l o f th e c a r g e ts w o rse , b e c a u s e th e y ’re c o n c e n tr a t in g o n th e p h o n e c a ll a n d n o t o n w h a t’s h a p p e n in g o n th e ro a d . B u t th e o th e r th in g , w h ic h is ju s t a s d a n g e ro u s a s ta lk in g o n y o u r c e ll p h o n e , is e a t in g a n d d r in k in g , in fa c t , i fy o u d o th is , y o u d o u b le y o u r c h a n c e o f h a v in g a n a c c id e n t b e c a u s e e a t in g a n d d r in k in g a lw a y s in v o lv e s ta k in g a t le a s t o n e h a n d o f f t h e s te e r in g w h e e l. A n d th e th in g t h a t ’s m o s t w o r r y in g h ere is th a t p e o p le d o n ’t th in k o f th is a s a d a n g e ro u s a c t iv ity a t a ll , a n d it is n ’t e v en ille g a l.

H o s t A n d in f i f t h , w e ll a c tu a lly s ix th p la c e . Ii m u st b e l is te n in g to m u s ic , b u t w h a t k in d ?

Tom W e ll, i t ’s l is te n in g to m u s ic y o u kn ow .H o s t O h , t h a t ’s in te r e s t in g .T o m W e fo u n d in o u r te s ts th a t w h e n d r iv e r s w e re

l is te n in g to m u s ic th e y k n e w a n d lik e d , th e y d ro v e e ith e r fa s te r o r s lo w e r d e p e n d in g o n w h e th e r th e m u s ic w a s fa s t o r slow .

H o s t S o fa s t m u s ic m a d e d r iv e r s d r iv e fa s te r .T o m E x a c t ly . A n d a s tu d y in C a n a d a a ls o fo u n d

th a t i f th e m u s ic w a s v e ry lo u d , th e n d r iv e r s ’ r e a c t io n t im e w a s 2 0 % s lo w e r. I f y o u ’r e l is te n in g to v e ry lou d m u s ic y o u 're tw ic e a s lik e ly to g o th ro u g h a red lig h t.

H o s t S o th e s a fe s t o f a l l o f th e th in g s o n th e l is t is io l is te n to m u s ic w e d o n ’t kn ow .

T o m E x a c t ly . I f w e d o n 't k n o w th e m u s ic , th e n it d o e s n ’t d is t r a c t u s . In th is p a r t o f th e t e s t s a ll d r iv e r s d ro v e sa fe ly .

2 23)))A E x c u s e m e , is t h is s e a t e m p ty ?B Y e s , s u r e s i t d o w n . A h , h e ’s c u te . Is h e y o u rs?A Y e s , y e s . A c tu a lly , h e ’s a s h e . M ir a n d a .B O h . T h r e e m o n th s ?A T h r e e a n d a h a lf . H o w a b o u t y o u rs?B S te p h e n . H e ’s fo u r m o n th s . D id y o u h av e a bad

n ig h t?A Y es, M ir a n d a w a s c r y in g a ll n ig h t . Y o u kn ow ,

th a t n o is e g e ts t o y o u . It d r iv e s m e c ra z y .

B D o y o u k n o w w h a t y o u n e e d ? T h e s e .A W h a t a r e th e y ? E a r p lu g s ?B Y e s . E a r p lu g s ! W h e n th e b a b y s t a r t s c r y in g y o u

ju s t p u t th e s e in . Y o u c a n s t i l l h e a r th e c r y in g , b u t th e n o is e is n ’t s o b a d , a n d i t ’s n o t s o s t r e s s fu l .

A T h a t ’s a g r e a t id e a ! W h o to ld y o u io d o th a t?B I t ’s a ll in th is b o o k I re a d . Y ou sh o u ld g e t it.A Y e a h ? W h a t ’s it c a lle d ?B I t ’s c a lle d Comm ando Dad. Ii w a s w r i t te n b y an

e x -s o ld ie r . H e w a s a c o m m a n d o in th e arm y , a n d i t ’s e s p e c ia lly fo r m e n w ith b a b ie s o r s m a ll c h ild r e n . I t ’s p r e t ty g o o d .

A R e a lly ? S o w h a t’s s o g o o d a b o u t it?B W e ll , i t 's lik e a m ilita ry m a n u a l. It te lls y o u ex a ctly

w h a t to d o w ith a b a b y in an y s itu a tio n . It m ak es e v e ry th in g ea sier . T h e r e ’s a w e b site , to o , th a t you c a n g o to - c o m m a n d o d a d .c o m . I t h a s a lo t o f a d v ice a b o u t ta k in g c a re o f b a b ie s an d s m a ll k id s, a n d I re a lly lik e th e fo r u m s w h ere m en c a n w r ite in w ith th e ir p ro b le m o r th e ir e x p e rie n ce s .

A W h a t k in d o f th in g s d o e s it h e lp y o u w ith ?B A ll k in d s o f t h in g s . H o w to c h a n g e d ia p e rs - he

lia s a re a lly g o o d s y s te m , h o w to d re s s th e b aby , h o w to g e t th e b a b y to s le e p , th e b e s t w ay to feed th e b ab y , h o w io k n o w i f th e b a b y is s ic k . I t ’s re a lly u se fu l a n d i t ’s p re tty fu n n y , to o , I m e a n h e u se s a k in d o f m ili ta r y la n g u a g e , s o fo r e x a m p le lie c a l ls th e b a b y a B T w h ic h m e a n s a b a b y tr o o p e r , a n d th e b a b y ’s b e d r o o m is b a s e c a m p , a n d ta k in g th e b a b y fo r a w a lk is m a n e u v e rs , a n d ta k in g th e d ia p e rs to th e tra sh is c a lle d b o m b d isp o s a l.

A W h a t e ls e d o e s it say?B W e ll , i t h a s a ll k in d s o f s t u f f a b o u t ...A A n d w h a t d o e s h e th in k a b o u t m en ta k in g c a r e o f

c h i ld r e n ? D o e s h e th in k vve d o it w e ll?B H e th in k s th a t m e n a r e ju s t a s g o o d a s w o m e n a t

ta k in g c a r e o f c h ild r e n in a lm o s t e v e ry th in g .A A lm o s t e v e ry th in g ?B Y e a h , h e sa y s th e o n e t im e w h e n w o m e n a re

b e t t e r ih a n m e n is w h e n th e k id s a r e s ick .W o m e n k in d o f u n d e rs ta n d b e t te r w h a t to do . T h e y h a v e an in s t in c t . O h . N o w i t ’s m y tu r n . O K , 1 k n o w e x a c t ly w h a t th a t c r y m e a n s . It m e a n s h e ’s h u n g ry .

A W o w ! W h a t w a s th a t b o o k c a lle d ?

2 28)))Kerri Y o u w o rk h a rd , b u t y o u r m o n e y ’s a ll sp e n t

H a v e n ’t g o t e n o u g h to p ay th e re n t Y o u k n o w i t ’s n o t r ig h t a n d it m a k e s n o se n s e T o g o c h a s in g , c h a s in g th o s e d o lla r s a n d c e n ts C h a s in g , c h a s in g th o s e d o lla r s a n d c e n ts . ..

R o b T h a t w a s g r e a t , K e r r i .Kerri T h a n k s .R o b K e r r i ,y o u u se d to b e in a b a n d , n o w y o u p lay

s o lo . W h y d id y o u c h a n g e ?Kerri W h a t h a p p e n e d w ith th e b a n d is p r iv a te .

I 'v e a lre a d y sa id I d o n ’t w a n t to ta lk a b o u t it in in te r v ie w s . A ll i ’ ll s a y is th a t I h av e a lo t m o re fr e e d o m th is w ay . I c a n p l a y - a n d s a y - w h a t I w a n t.

R o b D id y o u r r e la t io n s h ip w ith th e b a n d ’s lead g u ita r is t a f f e c t th e b r e a k up ?

Kerri N o c o m m e n t . I n e v e r ta lk a b o u t m y p riv a te life .

R o b Y o u r D a d w a s in a fa m o u s p u n k b a n d , a n d y o u r M u m ’s a c la s s ic a l p ia n is t , h av e th ey in f lu e n c e d y o u r m u s ic ?

K e r r i O f c o u r s e th e y h av e - w h a t d o y o u th in k ?Is n ’t e v e ry o n e in f lu e n c e d by th e i r p a re n ts ?

R o b W h e n d id y o u s t a r t p la y in g ?Kerri I s t a r te d p la y in g th e g u i ta r w h en I w a s a b o u t

fo u r.R o b F o u r ? T h a t ’s p re tty y o u n g .Kerri Y e a h , th e g u ita r w a s n e a r ly a s b ig a s m e!R o b I t h in k th a t y o u r n e w a lb u m is y o u r b e s t y e t.

I t ’s a lo t q u ie te r a n d m o re e x p e r im e n ta l th a n y o u r e a r lie r a lb u m s .

Kerri T h a n k y o u ! I th in k i t ’s m y b e s t w o rk .R o b S o w h a t h av e y o u b e e n d o in g re c e n tly ?Kerri W e ll , I ’v e b e e n w r i t in g a n d r e c o r d in g

s o m e n e w s o n g s . A n d I ’ve p lay ed a t s o m e o f th e s u m m e r fe s t iv a ls in th e U K .

http://www.adelanteafrica.com

Rob A n d w h a t a re y o u d o in g w h ile y o u 're in th e S t a te s ?

Kerri I ’m g o in g to p lay a t s o m e c lu b s h e re in N ew Y o rk , th e n I ’m d o in g s o m e s m a ll g ig s in o th e r p la c e s . I ju s t w a n t to g e t t o k n o w th e c o u n tr y an d th e p e o p le . I t ’s a ll v e ry n e w to m e .

Jenny G o o d jo b , R o b . S h e is n ’t th e e a s ie s t p e rso n t o in te rv ie w .

Rob S h e ’s O K . A n d t h i s v id e o c l ip w ill w o rk g r e a t o n lin e .

Don W e ll , th a n k y o u fo r c o m in g in to d ay , K e r r i . N o w I s u g g e s t w e h av e s o m e lu n c h . R o b , co u ld y o u c a ll a ta x i?

Rob U h , su r e .

2 29)))Don S o w h e n w il l y o u b e c o m in g b a c k to N ew

Y o rk , K e r r i?Kerri O h , I d o n 't kn ow .Waitress H i, g u y s . I s e v e r y th in g O K ?Don Y e s , i t ’s d e lic io u s , th a n k y o u .W a i t r e s s T h a t ’s g r e a t!Kerri N ew Y o rk w a ite rs n e v e r leav e y o u a lo n e ! I

re a lly d o n ’t lik e a ll t h i s “H i g u y s ! Is e v e r y th in g O K ? ” s t u f f

Don W h a t ? Y o u m e a n w a ite rs a r e n 't fr ie n d ly in L o n d o n ?

Rob O h , th e y ’re v e ry fr ie n d ly !Kerri Y es, th e y ’r e fr ie n d ly , b u t n o t t o o fr ie n d ly .

T h e y d o n ’t b o th e r y o u a ll th e t im e .Waitress C a n 1 g e t y o u a n y th in g e ls e ? M o re

d r in k s , m a y b e ?Don N o t h a n k s . W e ’re f in e .Waitress F a n ta s t ic .Kerri S e e w h a t I m e a n ? P e rso n a lly , I th in k p e o p le

in L o n d o n a r e a lo t m o re e a sy g o in g . L o n d o n 's ju s t n o t a s h e c t ic a s N e w Y o rk .

Don S u r e , w e a ll lik e p e a c e a n d q u ie t . B u t in m y o p in io n , N e w Y o rk is p o ss ib ly ... w e ll, n o , is d e f in ite ly th e g r e a te s t c i ty in th e w o r ld . D o n ’t you a g r e e ?

Kerri T o b e h o n e s t , 1 d e f in ite ly p r e fe r L o n d o n .Don C o m e o n , R o b . Y o u 'v e liv ed in b o th . W h a t d o

y o u th in k ?Rob U m , w e ll, I h av e to say, L o n d o n ’s v e ry sp e c ia l. I t ’s

m o re re la x e d , i t ’s g o t g r e a t p ark s an d y o u ca n cy cle e v ery w h ere . I t ’s d a n g e ro u s to cy c le in N e w Y o rk !

Don W h y w o u ld y o u c y c le w h e n y o u c a n d r iv e a c a r ?Kerri Y o u c a n 't b e s e r io u s .Don O K , I a g r e e , L o n d o n h a s i t s o w n p e c u lia r

c h a r m . B u t i f y o u a sk m e , n o th in g c o m p a r e s w ith a c ity l ik e N e w Y o rk . T h e w h o le w o rld is h e re !

Kerri B u t t h a t ’s th e p ro b le m . Ir ’s to o b ig . T h e r e are to o m a n y p e o p le . E v e ry b o d y ’s so s tr e s s e d o u t. A n d n o b o d y h a s a n y t im e fo r y o u .

Jenny I d o n ’t t h in k t h a t ’s r ig h t , K e r r i . N e w Y o rk e rs a r e v e ry f r ie n d ly .. .

Kerri O h s u r e , th e y c a n s o u n d fr ie n d ly w ith a l l th a t “ H av e a n ic e d a y " s t u f f . B u t I a lw a y s th in k i t ’s a l i t t le b it . . . fak e .

Don Y o u ’v e g o t to b e k id d in g m e!Rob I ’m so rry . I ’ ll ju s t h ave to ta k e th is .. . H e llo ? ...

Y e s ... Y o u ’r e w h o ? ... T h e ta x i d riv er? ... W h a t did sh e le a v e ? ... H e r c e ll p h o n e ... r ig h t . O K . Y es , w e’re s t ill a t th e re s ta u ra n t. S e e y o u in a b o u t fiv e m in u te s .

2 32)))K e r r i T h a n k y o u fo r a n ic e lu n c h , D o n .Don Y o u ’r e w e lc o m e .Waitress T h a n k s fo r c o m in g , g u y s! H av e a n ice day.Don S e e ? N ic e , fr ie n d ly s e r v ic e .Kerri M a y b e . B u t I th in k s h e s a w th e b ig t ip you

le f t o n th e ta b le !Jenny D id y o u m e a n w h a t y o u sa id in th e

r e s ta u r a n t , R o b ?Rob D ici 1 m e a n w h a t?Jenny A b o u t m is s in g L o n d o n ?Rob S u r e , I m is s i t , Je n n y .Jenny R e a lly ?Rob B u t h ey , n o t th a t m u c h ! I t ’s ju s t th a t m o v in g to

a n ew p la c e is a lw a y s d if f ic u lt .Jenny B u t y o u d o n 't r e g r e t c o in in g h e re , d o y o u ?Rob N o . . . n o . . . n o t a t a ll.

Jenny i t ’s ju s t th a t . . . y o u s e e m e d h o m e s ic k in th e r e .F o r th e p a r k s , th e c y c l in g ...

Rob W e ll th e r e a r e s o m e th in g s I m is s b u t - O h , h a n g o n a m in u te . L o o k o v e r th e r e . O u r t a x i ’s c o m e b a c k .

Taxi driver E x c u s e m e , M a ’a m .Kerri W h o m e ? W h a t is it?Taxi driver I b e lie v e t h i s is y o u r c e ll p h o n e . Y o u

le f t i t in m y ca b .Kerri W h a t? .. . O h , w o w ... th a n k y ou !Taxi driver H a v e a n ic e day !Kerri T h a t w a s s o k in d o f h im !Don S e e ? N e w Y o rk e rs a re re a lly fr ie n d ly p e o p le .

2 40)))1 O n e v e ry e a sy th in g y o u c a n d o , is ju s t c h a n g e

th e la n g u a g e to E n g lis h o n a ll th e g a d g e ts you h a v e , f o r e x a m p le o n y o u r p h o n e , o r la p to p , o r ta b le t . T h a t w a y y o u 'r e r e a d in g E n g lis h ev ery day a n d w ith o u t re a lly n o t ic in g y o u ju s t le a rn a w h o le lo t o fv o c a b u la r y , fo r e x a m p le th e th in g s y o u s e e o n y o u r s c r e e n lik e A reyou sure you want to shut down now, th in g s l ik e th a t.

2 M y t ip is to d o th in g s th a t y o u l ik e d o in g , b u t in E n g l is h . S o fo r e x a m p le , i f y o u l ik e r e a d in g , th e n re a d in E n g l is h , i f y o u lik e m o v ie s , w a tc h th e m in E n g lis h w ith s u b t it le s , i f y o u l ik e c o m p u te r g a m e s , p lay th e m in E n g l is h . B u t d o n ’t d o th in g s y o u d o n ’t e n jo y in y o u r la n g u a g e , I m e a n i fy o u d o n ’t lik e r e a d in g in y o u r la n g u a g e , y o u 'll e n jo y it e v en le s s in E n g l is h , a n d s o y o u p ro b a b ly w o n ’t le a r n a n y th in g .

3 W h a t re a lly h e lp e d m e to im p ro v e m y E n g lis h w a s h a v in g an A m e r ic a n b o y fr ie n d . H e d id n 't s p e a k a n y Ja p a n e s e - w e ll, n o t m a n y fo r e ig n e rs d o - s o w e s p o k e E n g lis h a ll th e t im e , a n d m y E n g lis h im p ro v e d re a lly q u ick ly . W e b ro k e up w h e n h e w e n t b a c k to th e U S , b u r b y th e n I co u ld s p e a k p re tty flu e n tly . W e d id n ’t e x a c t ly e n d up a s fr ie n d s , b u t I ’ ll a lw a y s b e g r a te fu l to h im fo r th e E n g lis h I le a rn e d . S o m y tip is tr y to f in d an E n g lis h -s p e a k in g b o y fr ie n d o r g ir lfr ie n d .

4 I ’v e a lw a y s th o u g h t th a t le a r n in g v o c a b u la r y is v e ry im p o r ta n t , s o I b o u g h t a v o c a b u la r y f la s h c a r d a p p fo r m y p h o n e . I w r i te d o w n a ll th e n e w w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s I w a n t to re m e m b e r in F r e n c h a n d in E n g l is h , a n d th e n w h e n I g e ta q u ie t m o m e n t I t e s t m y s e l f It re a lly h e lp s m e r e m e m b e r n e w v o c a b u la r y . S o th a t ’s m y tip . G e t a v o c a b u la r y le a r n in g a p p f o r y o u r p h o n e .

5 I th in k o n e o f (h e b ig p ro b le m s w h e n y o u ’re le a r n in g s o m e th in g n ew is m o tiv a t io n , s o m e th i n g to m a k e y o u c o n t in u e a n d n o t g iv e up . S o m ytip is to b o o k y o u r s e l f a v a c a t io n in a n E n g lish - sp e a k in g c o u n tr y o r a c o u n tr y w h e re p eo p le s p e a k v e ry g o o d E n g lis h , lik e th e C a r ib b e a n , a s a l it t le re w a rd fo r y o u rs e lf , a n d so y o u c a n a c tu a lly p r a c t ic e y o u r E n g lis h . I t ’s re a lly m o tiv a t in g w h en y o u g o so m e w h e re a n d fin d th a t p eo p le u n d e rs ta n d y o u a n d y o u c a n c o m m u n ic a te ! L a s t y e a r , I w e n t to th e B a h a m a s fo r a w e ek e n d , a n d I h a d a g r e a t t im e , a n d I s p o k e a lo t o f E n g lish .

6 I fy o u love m u sic , w h ic h I d o , m y tip is to listen to as m a n y so n g s a s p o ss ib le in E n g lish a n d th e n learn to s in g th e m . I t ’s s o easy n o w ad ay s w ith Y ou T u be. F irs t, i d o w n lo ad th e ly r ic s a n d tr y to u n d e rsta n d th e m . T h e n I s in g a lo n g w ith th e s in g e r a n d tr y to co p y th e w ay h e o r sh e s in g s - th is is fa n ta s t ic fo r y o u r p ro n u n c ia tio n . T h e n o n ce 1 c a n d o it w e ll, 1 go b a c k to Y o u T u b e an d g e t a k a ra o k e v ersio n o f th e so n g , an d th e n 1 s in g it . I t ’s fu n a n d y o u r E n g lis h w ill re a lly im p ro v e a s a resu lt.

2 48)))I a lw a y s th o u g h t th a t g o o d m a n n e r s w e re g o o d m a n n e r s w h e r e v e r y o u w e re in th e w o rld . B u t th a t w a s u n ti l m e t m y b o y fr ie n d la s o n , w h o is fr o m B u r m a — a ls o k n o w n a s M y a n m a r . W e m e t in u p s ta te N e w Y o rk , w h en w e w e re b o t l i s tu d e n ts in c o lle g e . W h e n w e f i r s t g o t to k n o w e a c h o th e r , w e w e re a lw a y s s u r r o u n d e d b y a g ro u p o f fr ie n d s . I lik ed )a s o n b e c a u s e h e w a s fu n n y a n d k in d , a n d I c o u ld te ll h e lik ed m e , b u t w e n e v e r s p e n t a n y t im e a lo n e .

T h e f i r s t t im e I s u g g e s te d th a t w e h a n g o u t w ith o u t o u r fr ie n d s , h e s a id n o w ith o u t an e x p la n a t io n , w h ic h 1 th o u g h t w a s k in d o f ru d e . M y fe e l in g s w e re h u rt , s o 1 d id n ’t ta lk to h im a s m u ch . T h e n e x t t im e I s a w Ja s o n in o u r b ig g r o u p , h e w a s ju s t a s fr ie n d ly a n d h a p p y a s u su a l. I w a s c o n fu s e d .

F in a lly , I a sk e d h im w h y h e w o u ld n 't h a n g o u t w ith m e . H e a p o lo g iz e d a n d th e n h e to ld m e th a t in B u r m a , i t ’s c u s to m to “d a te ” in a g r o u p s itu a t io n . S in c e h e h ad o n ly b e e n in th e U S f o r a fe w y e a r s , he w a s s t i l l h a v in g tr o u b le n a v ig a t in g th e tw o c u ltu r e s h e liv ed in — th e m o re re se rv e d B u r m e s e c u ltu r e an d th e m o r e o p e n A m e r ic a n c u ltu r e .

A fe w m o n th s la te r , a f t e r w e w e s ta r te d d a tin g ,I a sk e d h im w h y h e n e v e r re sp o n d e d t o m y c u te , r o m a n tic F a c e b o o k p o s ts w ith m o re th a n “c o o l” o r “th a n k s .” I t s e e m e d w e ird to m e th a t h is re s p o n s e s w e re n ’t r o m a n t ic . A n d h o n e s tly , 1 w a s a l i t t le je a lo u s o f th e s w e e t p o s t s m y A m e r ic a n f r ie n d s ’ b o y fr ie n d s le f t o n th e ir F a c e b o o k p a g e s.

B u t Ja s o n to ld m e in B u r m a , i t ’s c o n s id e re d b ra g g in g t o e x p r e s s y o u r fe e l in g s in p u b lic , e s p e c ia l ly o n a s o c ia l n e tw o r k in g s ite . H e d id n ’t w a n t h is fa m ily a n d fr ie n d s to th in k h e w a s b ra g g in g a b o u t h is A m e r ic a n g ir l f r ie n d . F r o m a n A m e r ic a n p o in t o f v ie w , I th o u g h t h e w a s b e in g a b it c o ld ; h o w e v e r f r o m a B u r m e s e p o in t o fv ie w , h e w a s a c tu a lly b e in g r e s p e c tfu l.

A s c o n fu s e d a s I w a s a b o u t w h a t’s c o n s id e re d g o o d a n d b a d m a n n e r s in Ja s o n 's c u ltu r e , h e fe lt th e s a m e w a y a b o u t A m e r ic a n c u ltu r e . H e th o u g h t it w a s b ad m a n n e r s to r e fe r to h av e a “b e s t fr ie n d ,” an d h e w o u ld a rg u e w ith m e w h e n e v e r I c a lle d m y fr ie n d R a c h e l , m y b e s t fr ie n d . ]a s o n s a id th e r e is n o su ch th in g a s a “b e s t f r ie n d ” in B u r m e s e c u ltu r e . T h e r e a re o n ly “c lo s e f r ie n d s .” It w o u ld b e in c o n s id e r a te to n a m e o n e p e r s o n a s a “b e s t f r ie n d " b e c a u s e y o u r o t h e r fr ie n d s w o u ld fe e l o ffe n d e d .

A n y w ay , w e 'v e b e e n to g e th e r fo r tw o y e a r s , an d w e s t il l h av e d is a g re e m e n ts . B u t, w e ’ve le a rn e d th a t a s lo n g a s w e ’re a c o u p le , w e’ll n e v e r c o m p le te ly a g re e a b o u t w h e th e r o u r m a n n e r s a re g o o d o r b a d , a n d th a t m o s t im p o rta n tly . . . i t ’s O K to a g re e to d is a g re e !

3 8)))Part 1Interviewer W h a t m a d e y o u w a n t to b e c o m e a

s o c c e r r e fe r e e , o r fo o tb a ll r e fe r e e a s y o u w ou ld c a ll it?

Juan M y fa th e r w a s a re fe r e e , b u t th a t d id n ’t in f lu e n c e m e - in fa c t , th e o p p o s ite b e c a u s e I saw a ll th e p ro b le m s th a t h e h a d a s a r e fe r e e . B u t a s a c h ild I w a s a lw a y s a t t r a c te d b y th e id e a o f b e in g a re fe r e e , a n d a t s c h o o l I u se d to r e fe r e e a ll k in d s o f s p o r ts , b a s k e tb a ll , h a n d b a ll , v o lle y b a ll , a n d o f c o u r s e , fo o tb a ll . I w a s in v ite d to jo in th e R e f e r e e ’s F e d e r a tio n w h e n I w a s o n ly 1 4 y e a r s o ld .

Interviewer W e r e y o u g o o d a t s p o r ts y o u r s e l f ? Juan Y e s , I w a s a v e ry g o o d h a n d b a ll p lay e r. P eo p le

o f t e n th in k th a t r e fe r e e s b e c o m e r e fe r e e s b e c a u se th e y a re f r u s t r a te d s p o r ts m e n , b u t t h i s is ju s t n o t tr u e in m o s t c a s e s in m y e x p e r ie n c e .

Interviewer W h a t w a s th e m o s t e x c i t in g m a tc h y o u e v e r re fe r e e d ?

Juan I t ’s d i f f i c u l t to c h o o s e o n e m a tc h a s th e m o s t e x c it in g . I re m e m b e r s o m e o f th e R e a l M a d r id - B a r c e lo n a m a tc h e s , fo r e x a m p le th e f i r s t o n e I e v e r re fe r e e d . T h e a tm o s p h e r e w a s in c r e d ib le in th e s ta d iu m . B u t r e a lly i t ’s im p o s s ib le to p ic k ju s t o n e - th e r e h av e b e e n s o m an y .

Interviewer W h a t w a s th e w o r s t e x p e r ie n c e you e v e r h a d a s a r e fe r e e ?

Juan T h e w o r s t? W e ll , th a t w a s s o m e t h in g th a t h a p p e n e d v e ry e a r ly in m y c a r e e r . 1 w a s o n ly 16 , a n d i w a s r e fe r e e in g a m a tc h in a to w n in S p a in , a n d th e h o m e te a m lo s t . A f t e r th e m a tc h , I w a s a tta c k e d a n d in ju r e d b y th e p la y e rs o f th e h o m e te a m a n d b y th e s p e c t a to r s . A f t e r a ll th e s e y e a r s I c a n s t i l l re m e m b e r a m o th e r , w h o h a d a l i t t le bab y in h e r a rm s , w h o w a s t r y in g to h it m e . S h e w a s s o a n g r y w ith m e th a t s h e n e a r ly d ro p p e d h e r b aby . T h a t w a s m y w o r s t m o m e n t , a n d it n e a r ly m a d e m e s to p b e i n g a re fe r e e .

Listening 125

Interviewer D o y o u th in k th a t th e r e 's m o re c h e a t in g in s o c c e r th a n in th e p a s t?

Juan Y e s , I th in k so .Interviewer W h y ?Juan I th in k i t 's b e c a u s e th e r e ’s so m u c h m o n e y

in fo o t b a ll to d a y th a t i t ’s b e c o m e m u ch m o re im p o r ta n t to w in . A ls o fo o tb a ll is m u c h fa s te r th a n ii u se d to b e , s o i t ’s m u c h m o re d i f f i c u l t fo r r e fe r e e s to d e te c t c h e a t in g .

Interviewer H o w d o s o c c e r p la y e rs c h e a t?Juan O h , th e r e a re m a n y w ay s, b u t fo r m e th e w o rst

th in g in fo o tb a ll to d a y is w h a t w e c a l l “s im u la tio n .” S im u la tio n is w h en a p la y e r p re te n d s to h ave b e e n fo u le d w h en in fa c t h e h a sn ’t . F o r e x a m p le , s o m e t im e s a p la y e r fa lls o v e r in th e p e n a lty a re a w h e n , in fa c t , n o b o d y h a s to u ch e d h im a n d th is c a n re su lt in th e r e fe r e e g iv in g a p e n a lty w h e n it w a s n ’t a p e n a lty . In m y o p in io n , w h e n a p la y e r d o e s th is h e ’s c h e a t in g n o t o n ly th e re fe r e e , n o t o n ly th e p lay e rs o f th e o th e r te a m , b u t a lso th e s p e c ta to rs , b e c a u s e s p e c ta to r s pay m o n e y to s e e a fa ir c o n te s t .

3 9)))Part 2Interviewer W h a t ’s th e m o s t d if f ic u l t th in g a b o u t

b e in g a re fe r e e ?Juan T h e m o s t d i f f i c u l t th in g is t o m a k e th e r ig h t

d e c is io n s d u r in g a m a tc h . I t ’s d if f ic u l t b e c a u s e y o u h av e to m a k e d e c is io n s w h e n e v e r y th in g ’s h a p p e n in g s o q u ick ly - fo o tb a ll to d a y is v ery fa s t . Y o u m u st r e m e m b e r th a t e v e r y th in g is h a p p e n in g a t 1 0 0 k i lo m e tr e s a n h o u r. A ls o im p o r ta n t d e c is io n s o f t e n d e p en d o n th e r e fe r e e ’s in te r p r e ta t io n o f th e r u le s . T h in g s a r e n ’t b la ck a n d w h ite . A n d o f c o u r s e m a k in g d e c is io n s w ou ld b e m u c h e a s ie r i f p la y e rs d id n ’t c h e a t.

Interviewer D o y o u th in k th a t th e id e a o f fa ir p lay d o e s n ’t e x is t an y m o re ?

Juan N o t a t a ll . I th in k fa ir p lay d o e s e x i s t - d i e p la y e rs w h o c h e a t a r e th e e x c e p t io n s .

Interviewer F in a lly , w h o d o y o u th in k is th e b e s t p la y e r r ig h t n o w ?

Juan I th in k m o s t p e o p le a g r e e th a t th e b e s t fo o tb a lle r to d a y is L e o M e s s i .

Interviewer W h y d o y o u th in k lie ’s s o g o o d ?Juan I t ’s h a rd to say w h a t m a k e s h im s o s p e c ia l , b u t

a s tu d y w a s d o n e o n h im w h ic h sh o w ed th a t M e ss i c a n ru n fa s te r w ith th e b a ll th a n m a n y fo o tb a lle r s c a n d o w ith o u t th e b a ll . A p a r t fro m h is g re a t a b ility , w h a t I a lso lik e a b o u t h im is th a t h e is n ’t th e ty p ica l su p e rs ta r fo o tb a lle r . Y ou c a n se e th a t he e n jo y s p la y in g fo o tb a ll , an d h e b e h a v e s in p u b lic a n d in h is p e rso n a l life in a v e ry n o rm a l w ay. T h a t ’s u n u su a l w h e n you th in k h o w fa m o u s h e is. A n d w h a t’s m o re he d o e s n ’t c h e a t - h e d o e s n ’t n e e d to !

3 23)))Host H e llo , a n d w e lc o m e to Forum, th e p ro g ra m

t h a t a s k s y o u w h a t y o u th in k a b o u t c u r r e n t to p ic s . T o d a y M a r t h a P a rk w il l b e ta lk in g a b o u t th e s o c ia l n e tw o r k in g s ite F a c e b o o k , h o w w e u se it , h o w m u c h w e l ik e it - o r d is l ik e it . S o g e t re ad y to c a l l u s , o r te x t u s a n d te ll u s w h a t y o u t h in k . T h e n u m b e r a s a lw a y s is 5 5 5 - 4 3 1 8 . M a r t h a .

Martha H e llo . S in c e F a c e b o o k w a s f ir s t la u n ch e d in 2 0 0 4 , a lo t o f re s e a r c h h a s b e e n d o n e to fin d o u t w h a t k in d o f p e o p le u s e it , w h a t th e y u se it fo r , a n d w h a t e f f e c t it h a s o n th e ir liv e s . A c c o r d in g t o a r e c e n t s tu d y by c o n s u m e r r e s e a rc h s p e c ia l is t In te r s p e r ie n c e , th e a v e ra g e 2 2 y e a r o ld in B r ita in h a s o v e r 1 ,0 0 0 o n lin e fr ie n d s . In fa c t , 2 2 s e e m s to b e th e a g e a t w h ic h th e n u m b e r o f fr ie n d s p e a k s .It a ls o a p p e a rs th a t w o m e n h a v e s lig h tly m o re o n lin e fr ie n d s th a n m e n . A n d a n o th e r s tu d y fro m a n A m e r ic a n u n iv e rs ity s h o w s th a t p e o p le w h o sp e n d a lo t o f t im e o n F a c e b o o k r e a d in g o th e r p e o p le ’s p o s ts te n d to fe e l m o re d is s a t is f ie d w ith th e ir o w n liv e s , b e c a u s e th e y fe e l th a t e v e ry o n e e ls e is h a v in g a b e t te r t im e th a n th e y a re .S o , o v e r to y o u . D o y o u u se F a c e b o o k ? H o w d o y o u fe e l a b o u t i t? C a n y o u r e a lly h a v e 1 ,0 0 0 fr ie n d s ? A r e s o c ia l n e tw o r k in g s i te s m a k in g u s u n h a p p y ? C a l I in a n d s h a r e y o u r e x p e r ie n c e s . ..

3 24)))Host A n d o u r f i r s t c a lle r is Y o u n g . G o a h e a d , Y o u n g .Young H i. U h , y e a h , I u se F a c e b o o k a lo t , ev ery day.

I th in k i t 's a g r e a t w a y to , u h , o r g a n iz e y o u r s o c ia l l ife a n d k e ep in to u c h w ith y o u r fr ie n d s .1 h a v e a lo t o f fr ie n d s .

Martha H o w m a n y fr ie n d s d o y o u h a v e , Y o u n g ?Young R ig h t n o w , I h av e 1 ,0 4 2 .Martha A n d h o w m a n y o f th e m d o y o u k n o w

p e r s o n a lly ?Young A b o u t h a l f m a y b e ?Martha A n d w h a t d o y o u u se F a c e b o o k fo r?Young F o r m e , i t ’s a g o o d w a y to g e t in to u ch w ith

m y fr ie n d s w ith o u t h a v in g to u se th e p h o n e a ll th e t im e . W h e n I ’m h a v in g a b u s y w e e k a t s c h o o l , I c a n c h a n g e m y s t a tu s so I c a n le i m y fr ie n d s k n o w I c a n ’t g o o u t. T h a t ’s a lo t e a s ie r th a n w a s t in g t im e te l l in g p e o p le “s o r r y I ’m to o b u sy to g e t to g e th e r .” I t ’s ju s t e a s ie r a n d q u ic k e r th a n u s in g th e p h o n e .

Host T h a n k s , Y o u n g . W e h av e a n o th e r c a l le r , i t 's B e th . H e llo , B e t h . '

Beth H i. U h , I d o n ’t u s e F a c e b o o k o r a n y o th e r s o c ia l n e tw o r k in g s ite .

Martha W h y ’s t h a t B e th ?Beth W e ll , tw o r e a s o n s . F ir s t , I d o n ’t sp e n d m u ch

t im e o n lin e . I p lay a lo t o f s p o r t s - I ’m o n a h o ck e y te a m , s o I m e e t m y te a m m a te s a lm o s t e v e ry day, a n d w e d o n ’t n e e d to c o m m u n ic a te o n F a c e b o o k .

Martha A n d th e o th e r r e a s o n ?Beth I ju s t d o n ’t re a lly l ik e th e w h o le id e a o f s o c ia l

n e tw o r k in g s ite s . I m e a n , w h y w o u ld I w a n t to te ll th e w h o le w o rld e v e r y th in g th a t I ’m d o in g ? I d o n ’t w a n t to s h a r e m y p e r s o n a l in f o r m a t io n w ith th e w o rld a n d b e c o m e f r ie n d s w ith p e o p le I d o n ’t e v en k n o w . A n d I d o n ’t w a n t to re a d w h a t o th e r p e o p le h a d fo r b r e a k fa s t o r lu n c h o r d in n e r o r w h a t th e y 're p la n n in g to d o th is w e e k e n d .

Host T h a n k s fo r th a t , B e th . O u r n e x t c a l le r is E m m a . I t ’s y o u r tu r n , E m m a .

Martha H i, E m m aEmma H i, M a r th a .Martha A n d d o y o u u se F a c e b o o k , E m m a ?Emma I u se it o n c e in a w h ile , b u t n o t v e ry m u ch .

I o n ly re a lly u se it to k e e p u p w ith fr ie n d s w h o h ave m o v e d a b ro a d o r liv e t o o fa r aw ay fo r us to m e e t re g u la r ly . F o r e x a m p le , o n e o f m y b e s t f r ie n d s r e c e n t ly m o v e d to C a n a d a , a n d w e c h a t o n F a c e b o o k . B u t 1 n e v e r a d d f r ie n d s w h o a re p eo p le I h a rd ly k n o w . I ju s t c a n ’t u n d e rs ta n d th o s e p e o p le w h o c o lle c t h u n d re d s o r ev en th o u s a n d s o f F a c e b o o k fr ie n d s ! I th in k i t ’s ju s t c o m p e tit io n , p e o p le w h o w a n t to m a k e it se e m th a t th e y ’re m o r e p o p u la r th a n e v e ry b o d y e ls e .

M a r t h a S o y o u th in k th e F a c e b o o k w o rld is k in d o f u n r e a l?

Emma A b so lu te ly . I th in k p e o p le w r i te th in g s an d p o s t p h o to s o f t h e m s e lv e s ju s t to s h o w e v e ry o n e th e y k n o w w h a t a fa n ta s t ic t im e th e y ’re h a v in g a n d w h a t e x c i t in g liv es th e y le a d . B u t th e y ’re p ro b a b ly ju s t s i t t in g a t h o m e in f r o n t o f th e c o m p u te r a ll th e t im e .

Host T h a n k s fo r th a t , E m m a . W e h av e t im e fo r o n e m o re c a l le r b e fo r e th e n e w s , a n d i t ’s N e d . H i, N e d . Y o u 'l l h ave to b e q u ick .

Martha H i, N ed .Ned H i. W h e n I s ta r te d o f f w ith F a c e b o o k , ( th o u g h t

it w a s g r e a t, a n d I u se d it to c o m m u n ic a te w ith c lo s e fr ie n d s a n d w ith fam ily , an d 1 g o t b a c k in to u ch w ith o ld fr ie n d s fr o m s c h o o l, i t w a s g o o d b e c a u s e all th e p e o p le 1 w a s fr ie n d s w ith o n F a c e b o o k w e re p eo p le I kn ew , an d I w a s in te re s te d in w h a t th e y w ere d o in g . B u t th e n I s ta r te d a d d in g fr ie n d s , p eo p le 1 h a rd ly k n e w w h o w e re fr ie n d s o f fr ie n d s , p eo p le lik e t h a t - i n th e en d , I h ad m o re th a n a 1 , 0 0 0 - and ii ju st b e c a m e ioo m u ch . I t w a s ju s t to o m an y p eo p le le a v in g u p d ates, w r it in g m e ssa g e s o n m y w a ll. S o la s t m o n th I d e cid ed to d e lete m o s t o f th e m . It to o k m e a b o u t h a lfa n h o u r io d e le te , a n d in th e e n d , th e o n ly p e o p le I le ft w e re a c tu a l, re a l- life fr ie n d s an d fa m ily , a n d o ld s c h o o l fr ie n d s . I g o t it d o w n to 9 9 . I t w a s re a lly lib era tin g .

Host T h a n k s , N e d , a n d w e ’ll b e b a c k a f t e r th e n e w s , s o k e ep th o s e c a l ls c o m in g .

3 25)))Jenny M o n ic a !Monica ]e n n y !Jenny W o w ! H o w a r e y o u ? Y o u lo o k g r e a t!Monica T h a n k s , je n n y ! Y o u lo o k re a lly g o o d , to o .Jenny H ey , w hy d o n ’t w e g e t s o m e c o f fe e ?Monica I ’d love to , b u t I ’m o n th e w ay to m e e t .. . o h ,

c o m e o n . F iv e m in u te s !Jenny S o , h o w is e v e ry th in g ?Monica O h , g r e a t . T h in g s c o u ld n ’t b e b e t te r

a c tu a lly . S c o t t a n d I . . . w e ’r e g e t t in g m a rr ie d !Jenny Y o u 're w h a t? C o n g r a tu la t io n s !Monica T h a n k y o u !Jenny W h e n d id y o u g e t e n g a g e d ?Monica O n ly a fe w d a y s a g o . I ’m g lad I sa w you

a c tu a lly . I w a s g o in g to c a ll y o u . W e ’ve o n ly to ld fa m ily s o fa r .

Jenny I c a n 't b e lie v e it . M o n ic a th e w ife ! A n d to th in k y o u u se d to g o c lu b b in g e v e ry n ig h t!

Monica W e ll , th a t w a s a fe w y e a r s a g o ! A l l I w an t to d o n o w is s ta y in a n d re a d w e d d in g m a g a z in e s .

Jenny A n d h o w a r e th e p la n s c o m in g a lo n g ?Monica I h av en ’t d o n e a n y th in g y e t . M y m o m a n d

S c o t t ’s m o m w a n t to o r g a n iz e th e w h o le th in g th e m s e lv e s !

Jenny T h a t ’s w h a t m o th e r s a r e fo r !Monica T ru e . B u t w h a t a b o u t y o u ? Y ou lo o k fa n ta stic .Jenny W e ll , I g u e s s I ’m k in d o f h a p p y , to o .Monica U h -h u h . W h a t ’s h is n a m e ?Jenny R o b .Monica Y o u ’v e b e e n k e e p in g h im v e ry q u ie t ! Is it

s e r io u s ?Jenny U rn , it ’s k in d o f , y o u k n o w ...Monica S o it is!Jenny I t ’s s t i l l e a r ly . W e h a v e n ’t b e e n to g e th e r fo r

lo n g . H e o n ly m o v ed h e r e f r o m L o n d o n a few m o n th s a g o ...

Monica W h a t? H e ’s B r it is h ? A n d y o u th in k y o u c a n p e r su a d e h im to s ta y in N e w Y o rk ? T h a t w o n ’t b e e a sy !

Jenny I th in k h e l ik e s it h e re . Y o u k n o w h o w gu ys a re , y o u n e v e r k n o w w h a t th e y ’r e th in k in g .

Monica W h e n c a n I m e e t h im ?Jenny U h ... t h a t ’s h im now .

3 26)))Rob D o y o u m in d i f l jo in y o u ?Monica O f c o u r s e n o t. C o m e o n , s i t d o w n .Rob T h a n k y o u .Monica I h a v e to le a v e in a m in u te an y w ay .Rob C o u ld I h av e a la rg e la t te , p le a s e ?W aiter O f c o u r s e .Jenny R o b , th is is M o n ic a .Monica N ic e to m e e t y o u , R o b .Rob Y o u to o , M o n ic a . Y o u k n o w , Je n n y ta lk s a b o u t

y o u a lo t . A n d I ’v e s e e n c o lle g e p h o to s o f y o u tw o to g e th e r . A i je n n y ’s p a r e n ts ' h o u s e .

Jenny O f c o u r s e y o u h a v e . M y d a d ’s p h o to s .Rob Y o u 'v e h a rd ly c h a n g e d a t a ll.Monica W h a t a n ic e m a n ! I c a n s e e w h y y o u lik e

h im , Je n n y . T h e p e r fe c t E n g lis h g e n t le m a n .W aiter Y o u r la tte .Rob O h , th a n k s . C a n y o u p a s s th e su g a r?Jenny S u r e .Monica S o r r y g u y s , b u t I h av e to g o .Rob Y o u ’r e s u r e I h a v en ’t in te r r u p te d a n y th in g ?Monica N o t a t a ll . I t 's ju s t th a t I h ave to m e e t

s o m e o n e . B u t l e t ’s g e t to g e th e r v e ry s o o n .Jenny W e w ill!Monica B y e , R o b . N ic e m e e t in g y o u .Rob B y e.Jenny B y e. T a lk s o o n .Rob S h e s e e m s lik e a h ap p y p e rso n .Jenny S h e is , e s p e c ia l ly r ig h t n o w - s h e ’s g e t t in g

m a rr ie d .Rob T h a t ’s fa n ta s t ic n ew s!Jenny Y e a h , it is . I g u e s s w e ’r e a t th a t a g e now .

W h e n m o s t o f o u r fr ie n d s a r e s e t t l in g d o w n an d g e t t in g m a rr ie d .

Rob Y e a h ... O h , s p e a k in g o f fr ie n d s , I w a n t to a s k y o u a fa v o r. I s it O K i f w e c h a n g e o u r p la n s a b it t h i s w e e k ?

Jenny U h .. . s u r e . W h a t ’s up ?

126 Listening

Rob I ’v e ju s t h ad a c a ll fro m an o ld fr ie n d o f m in e , P au l. I h a v en 't se e n h im s in c e w e w e re a t u n iv ersity , a n d h e’s tra v e lin g a ro u n d th e S ta te s a t th e m o m e n t. A n y w ay , h e ’s a rr iv in g in N e w Y o rk th is e v e n in g a n d , u h ... I ’v e in v ited h im to s ta y fo r th e w e ek .

Jenny C o o l ! I t ’ ll b e fu n to m e e t o n e o f y o u r o ld fr ie n d s ! W h a t ’s h e lik e ?

Rob O h , P a u l’s a la u g h . H e u se d t o b e a b it w ild , b u t th a t w a s a lo n g t im e a g o . H e 's p r o b a b ly ch a n g e d c o m p le te ly .

Jenny W e ll , I ’m lo o k in g fo r w a rd to m e e t in g h im .Rob Ju s t o n e o th e r th in g . C o u ld y o u d o m e a b ig

fa v o r? i h av e to w o rk la te th is e v e n in g s o ... w ou ld y o u m in d m e e t in g h im a t th e a ir p o r t?

Jenny N o t a t a ll . I ’d lik e to m e e t h im .Rob A n d d o y o u th in k y o u c o u ld ta k e h im to m y

f la t ? I ’ ll g iv e y o u th e key s.Jenny N o p ro b le m , R o b .Rob T h a n k s s o m u ch , ]e n n y . Y o u ’re a r e a l s ta r .

3 29)))Paul H ey , m a n !Rob P au l!Paul I t ’s g r e a t to s e e y o u , m a te .Rob Y o u to o , P a u l. I t ’s b e e n y e a r s . Y o u h a v e n ’t

c h a n g e d a t a ll.P a u l Ju s t g o t b e t te r lo o k in g !Rob H o w c o m e y o u 're s o la te ?Jenny P a u l's f l ig h t f r o m L A w a s d e la y e d . A n d th e n

th e t r a f f i c c o m in g b a c k w a s ju s t a w fu l.P a u l B u t th a t g av e u s t im e to g e t to k n o w e a c h

o th e r .Jenny Y e a h . P au l to ld m e a ll a b o u t h is tra v e ls .

E v e r y d e ta il .Paul A n d lo o k a t th is . Y o u r o w n N ew Y o rk f ia t .

H o w c o o l i s th a t?Rob I t ’s g o o d . R e a lly g o o d . B u t - d o y o u w a n t

s o m e th in g to e a t? I g o t s o m e th in g s o n m y w ay h o m e .

Paul S ta y in ? I t ’s m y f ir s t n ig h t in th e B ig A p p le ! L e t ’s g o o u t a n d h ave a p iz z a o r s o m e th in g .

Rob 1 th o u g h t y o u ’d b e t ir e d a f t e r th e f l ig h t.Paul N o w ay, m a n ! I ’m re a d y f o r a c t io n .Rob G r e a t ! I ’l l g e t m y ja c k e t . . .Jenny R o b , I th in k I 'l l g o h o m e i fy o u d o n ’t m in d . I,

u h , I ’m e x h a u s te d .Rob O h , O K th e n .Paul S o i t ’s a b o y s ’ n ig h t o u t!Rob Ju st lik e th e o ld d ay s!Paul A n d a f t e r th e p iz z a w e c a n g o o n so m e w h e r e

e ls e . R o b , w e ’v e g o t a lo t to ta lk a b o u t !

Listening 127

1 Asimple present and continuous, action and nonaction verbss im p le p re s e n t: / live , h e w o rk s , e tc .

1 I w o r k in a bank. She s tu d ie s Russ ian . 1 10)}) W e d o n ’t h a ve any pets. Jack d o e sn ’ t w e a r glasses.W h e re d o you l iv e ? D o e s you r b ro the r h a ve a car?

2 She u sua lly h a s cereal fo r breakfast.I ’m never late fo r w ork.W e on ly e a t o u t about once a m onth.

1 W e use the s im p le present fo r th ings that are a lways true o r happen regularly.

• Rem em ber the sp e llin g ru les fo r th ird person s ingu lar, e.g., lives, studies, watches.

• Rem em ber the w ord o rde r fo r questions: (question word), au x ilia ry , subject, base fo rm o f verb. Do you know David? What time does the movie start?

2 W e often use the s im p le present w ith adverbs o ffrequency, e.g., usually, never, o r express ions o f frequency, e.g., every day, once a week.• A dve rbs o f frequency go before the m a in verb, and after be.• E xp re ss ion s o f frequency u sua lly go at the end o f the

sentence o r verb phrase.

p re s e n t c o n t in u o u s : b e + v e rb + - in g

A W h o a r c you w a it in g fo r? 1 ID ))B I ’m w a it in g fo r a friend .

A Is you r s is te r s t i l l g o in g o u t w ith Adam ?B N o , they broke up. She is n ’ t g o in g o u t w ith anyone

righ t now.

• W e use the present con tinuous (not the s im p le present) fo r ac tion s in progress at the tim e o f speak ing , e.g., th ings that are happen ing now o r around now. These are usua lly tem porary, not hab itua l actions.

• Rem em ber the sp e llin g ru les, e.g., living, studying, getting.• W e a lso use the present con tinuous fo r fu tu re arrangem ents

(see IB ) .

a c t io n an d n o n a c t io n v e rb s

A W h a t are you cooking? 1 12)))B I’m making pasta.A G reat! I lo v e pasta.

A W h a t are you looking for?B M y ca r keys.A I ' l l he lp you in a m inute.B Bu t I need them now!

• Verbs that describe actions, e.g., cook, make, can be used in the s im p le present o r con tinuous. I’m making lunch.I usually m ake lunch on the weekend.

• Verbs that describe states o r feelings (not actions), e.g., love, need, be, are nonaction verbs. They are not usua lly used in the present con tinuous, even i f we mean “now .”

• C o m m o n nonaction verbs are agree, be, believe, belong, depend, forget, hate, hear, know, like, love, matter, mean, need, prefer, realize, recognize, remember, seem, suppose.

P Verbs than can be both action and nonactionA few verbs have an action and a nonaction meaning, e.g., have and think.I have a cat now. = possession (nonaction)I can't talk now. I'm having lunch. = an action 1 think this music's great. = opinion (nonaction)What are you thinking about? = an action

a C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e s im p le p re se n t o r

p re se n t c o n t in u o u s fo rm s o f th e v e rb s in p a ren th eses).

W e doii’t go to C h in e se re s tau ran ts v e ry o ften , (not go)

1 T h e se days, m o st c h i ld r e n _________ too m any suga ry

snacks, (have)

2 _________ y o u __________any v ita m in s r ig h t now ? (take)

3 D o n 't eat th a t sp in a ch i f y o u _________ it. (no t like )

4 _________ y o u r b o y f r ie n d __________h o w to c o o k

f is h ? (know )

5 W e _________ take-ou t p iz za s d u r in g the week, (not get)

6 W h a t_________ y o u r m o th e r__________? It sm e lls

great! (make)

7 Y o u lo o k sad. W h a t _________ y o u __________

abou t? (th in k )

8 T h e d ie t in m y c o u n t r y _________ w orse , (get)

9 H o w o f te n _________ y o u __________sea food? (eat)

10 I _________ u s u a lly __________ fish , (no t cook)

b (C i r c l e) the c o r re c t fo rm , s im p le p re sen t, o r c o n t in u o u s .

(T doift belieyfoj I ’m not believing th a t you co o ked th is

m ea l you rse lf.

1 C o m e on, le t ’s o rder. T h e w a ite r comes / is coming.2 K a te doesn’t want / isn’t wanting to have d in n e r now .

She is n ’t hung ry .

3 T h e head c h e f is s ick , so he doesn’t work / isn’t working today.

4 T h e check seems / is seeming v e ry h ig h to me.

5 W e 've had an a rgum en t, so we don’t speak /

aren't speaking to each o the r r ig h t now .

6 M y m o m thinks / is thinking m y d ie t is a w fu l these days.

7 D o we need / Are we needing to go sh o p p in g today?

8 C a n I c a ll you back? I have / I ’m having lu n ch r ig h t now .

9 i d id n 't use to l ik e o ily f is h , bu t n o w I love / I ’m loving it!

10 W h a t do you cook / are you cooking? It sm e lls d e lic io u s !

GRAMMAR BANKI Bfuture formsb e g o in g to + b a se fo rm

future plans and intentions 1 17)))M y s is te r’s going to adopt a ch ild .Are you going to buy a new' ca r o r a used one?I’m not going to go to N ew Y o rk C it y tom orrow . The

m eeting is canceled.

predictions 1 18)))T he Yankees are going to win. They 're p lay ing rea lly w ell. L o o k at those b lack clouds. I th in k i t ’s going to rain.

• W e use going to ( N O T will / won’t) w hen we have a lready decided to do som eth ing . N O T My sister will adoprcrchikh

• W e a lso use going to to m ake a p red ic tion about the future, espec ia lly w hen you can see o r have som e evidence(e.g., b lack clouds).

p re s e n t c o n t in u o u s : b e + v e rb + - in g

future arrangements 1 19)))L o rn a and James are getting m arried in O ctober.We’re meeting at 10:00 tom o rrow in jack 's office.Jane’s leaving on F rid a y and coming back next Tuesday.

• W e o ften use the present con tinuous fo r fu ture arrangem ents.

• The re is very lit t le d iffe rence between the present con tinuous and going to fo r fu tu re p lans / arrangem ents, and o ften you can use either.

- going to show s that you have made a decis ion.We’re going to get married next year.

- the present con tinuous em phasizes that you have made the arrangem ents. We’re getting married on October 12th.(= we've ordered the in v ita tions, etc.)

• W e o ften use the present con tinuous w ith verbs re la ting to trave l arrangem ents, e.g., go, come, arrive, leave, etc.I’m going to Tokyo tomorrow and coming back on Tuesday.

w il l + b a s e fo rm

instant decisions, promises, offers, predictions, 1 20)))future facts, suggestionsI ’ l l have the steak, (instan t decision)I won’t tell anybody where you are. (prom ise)I ’ l l carry that bag fo r you. (offer)Y o u ’ l l lo v e N ew Y o rk C ity ! (p red iction)I ’ l l b e hom e a ll a fte rnoon , (fu ture fact)

W e use will / won’t (N O T the simple present) fo r instant decisions, prom ises, offers, and suggestions. N O T Icarry that bagforyou. • W e can a lso use will / won’t fo r p red ictions, e.g., I think the

Yankees will win, and to ta lk about fu tu re facts, e.g., The election will be on March 1st.

a ( C ir c le ) th e c o r r e c t fo rm . C h e c k / the

sen ten ce i f b o th a re p o ss ib le .

M y grandparents are going to retire / will retire next year. /

1 We’U invite / We’re going to in v ite y o u r

pa ren ts fo r S u nd ay lunch?

2 I’m going to make / I ’ll make a cake fo r y o u r

m om 's b irth d ay , i f you w ant.

3 I ’m not having / I ’m not going to have d in n e r

w ith m y fa m ily ton ig h t.

4 T h e e xam will be / is being o n the la st F r id a y

o f the semester.

5 Y ou can tru s t m e. I ’m not telling / 1 won’t tell anyone w h a t you to ld me.

6 M y cou s in is arriving / will arrive at 5:30 p.m .

7 I t h in k the b ir th ra te will go down / is going to go down in m y c o u n try in the n ex t few years.

8 I ’m not going to go / I won’t go to m y b ro th e r-

in - la w ’s p a r ty n e x t w eekend.

9 I ’m going to help / I ’ll help you w ith the dishes.

b C o m p le te B ’s r e p lie s w it h a c o r r e c t fu tu re fo rm .

A W h a t 's y o u r s tepm o the r g o in g to do abou t he r ca r?

B S he’s going to buy a used one, (buy)

1 A I’m go in g to m is s you.

B D o n 't w o rry . I p ro m ise I _________ every day. (w rite)

2 A W h a t are A la n 's p lan s fo r the fu tu re?

B H e _________ a degree in eng in ee rin g , (earn)

3 A C a n I see you to n ig h t?

B N o , I _________ late. H o w abou t Sa tu rd ay? (w ork)

4 A W h a t w o u ld you l ik e fo r an appe tize r?

B I _________ the sh r im p , p lease, (have)

5 A T h e re ’s n o th in g in the re fr ig e ra to r.

B O K . _________ w e __________som e take -ou t M e x ic a n fo od? (get)

6 A I d o n ’t have an y m oney, so I ca n 't go out.

B N o p rob lem , I _________ you som e, (lend)

7 A C a n w e have a ba rbecue to m o rro w ?

B I d o n ’t th in k so. O n the ra d io they sa id tha t i t _________ . (ra in)

8 A W e la n d at abou t e igh t o ’c lo ck .

B _________ y o u __________a r id e f ro m the a irp o r t? (need)

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I’ll have the steak.

s im p le p a s t (w o rk e d , s to p p e d , w e n t, had, e tc .)present perfect and simple pastpresent perfect: h a v e /h a s + past participle (w o rk e d , seen , etc.)

1 past experiences 1 42)))I’ve been to M ia m i but l haven’t been to Tampa.H a v e you ever lo s t you r c red it card?S a lly has never met B i l l ’s ex-w ife.

2 with yet and already (for emphasis)l ’ve a lready se e n th is m ov ie tw ice . C a n ’t we w atch another one?JM y b ro the r h a s n ’ t fo u n d a job yet. H e 's s t il l look ing .H a v e you f in is h e d you r hom ew ork yet? N o , not yet.

1 W e use the present perfect fo r past experiences w hen we don 't say exactly when they happened.

• W e often use ever and never when we ask o r ta lk about past experiences. T hey go before the m a in verb.

2 In A m e r ican Eng lish , we use the present perfect and the s im p le past w ith yet and already.• already is used in 0 sentences and goes before the m a in verb.

• yet is used w ith Q sentences and [?]. It goes at the end o f the phrase.

• F o r ir re g u la r past pa rtic ip le s see I r r e g u la r v e rb s p.165.

They got m arried last year. 1 43)))W h a t tim e did you wake up th is m orn ing?I didn’t have tim e to do m y hom ew ork.

• Use the s im p le past fo r f in ish ed past actions (when we say, ask, o r know when they happened).

p re s e n t p e r f e c t o r s im p le p a s t ?

I’ve been to M ia m i tw ice. 1 44)))(= in my life up to now)I went there in 1998 and 2002.(= on tw o spec ific occasions)

• U se the s im p le past ( N O T the present perfect) to ask o r ta lk about f in ish ed actions in the past, when the time is mentioned or understood.W e o ften use a past t im e express ion, e.g., yesterday, last week, etc.

a C o m p le te th e m in i d ia lo g u e s w ith the

p re se n t p e r fe c t f o r m o f th e v e rb in

p a re n th e se s an d an a d ve rb f r o m th e lis t .

Y o u c a n u se th e a d ve rb s m o re th a n once .

already ever never yet

A _________y o u __________ the

lo t t e r y _________ ? (play)

B T h a t 's w h y I ’m s m il in g - 1 w o n $50 !

1 A _________y o u _____________________a f l ig h t o n lin e ? (book)

B Yes, o f cou rse . I’ve done it m a n y tim es .

2 A W h e n are you g o in g to b u y a m o to rcyc le ?

B S oon . I ___________________ a lm o s t$ l,0 0 0 . (save)

3 A _________y o u __________ the e le c tr ic ity b i l l _________ ? (pay)

B N o , so rry . I fo rgo t.

4 A _________ y o u r p a re n ts____________________ yo u m oney? (lend)

B Yes, bu t I p a id it b ack as so o n as I cou ld .

5 A H o w does eBay w o rk ?

B I d o n ’t know . I ______________________________it. (use)

6 A _________y o u _____________________to T h a ila n d ? (be)

B N o , I haven ’t. B u t I'd l ik e to som e day.

7 A W h y d o n 't y o u have any m oney?

B I ___________________ m y sa lary . I b ou gh t a n ew tab le t

la st w eek, (spend)

8 A D o you l ik e H u g h Jackm an?

B Yes, I ___________________ h is n ew m o v ie tw ice ! (see)

b R ig h t o r w ro n g ? W r it e a c h e c k / o r a n /

n e x t to th e sen ten ce s . C o r r e c t th e w ro n g

sen ten ces.

I ’ve never been in debt. </H o w m uch has y o u r new cam era cost? X

How much did your new camera cost?

1 D e a n in h e r ite d $ 5 ,0 0 0 f ro m a re la tive .

2 D id y o u r s is te r pay y o u b a ck yet?

3 W e b ooked o u r v a ca t io n o n lin e a

m o n th ago.

4 W h e n have you b ou gh t tha t lea the r jacket?

5 T h e y 'v e f in is h e d p a y in g b a ck the lo an la st

m on th .

6 W e haven ’t p a id the gas b i l l yet.

7 H ave you ever w asted a lo t o f m oney on

som e th in g ?

8 I’m sure I haven ’t b o rro w e d any m oney

f ro m you la st w eek.

9 I spen t m y sa la ry re a lly q u ic k ly la s t m on th .

10 H ave you seen the B a tm an m o v ie o n T V

yesterday?

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GRAMMAR BANK2Bpresent perfect + for/since, present perfect continuouspresent perfect + f o r / s in c e

T h e y ’ve known each o the r fo r ten years. 1 47)))Ju lia h a s h a d that bag s ince she was in college.

A H o w long h a ve you worked here?B S ince 1996.

A H o w long h a s you r b ro the r h a d h is m otorcycle?B F o r about a year.

• W e use the present perfect +for o r since w ith n o n a c t io n v e rb s (e.g., like, have, know, etc.) to ta lk about som eth ing that started in the past and is s t i l l true now.

They’ve known each other fo r tenyears. (= they m et ten years ago, and they s t il l know each o the r today)

• W e use How long...? + present perfect to ask about an un fin ish ed period o f tim e (from the past u n t il now).

• W e use fo r + a period o f tim e, e.g., fo r two weeks, o r since + a po in t o f tim e, e.g., since 1990.

• D o n 't use the sim p le present w ith fo r / since, N O T They know each other f o r nIongtime.

present perfect continuous: have / h a s b e e n + verb + -ing

1 H o w long have you been learning En g lish ? 1 48)))N ic k has been working here s ince A p r il .T h e y ’ve been going out together fo r about th ree years.

2 Y o u r eyes are red. Have you been crying?N o , I’ve been cutting on ions.

1 W e use the present perfect con tinuous w ith /o r and since w ith a c t io n v e rb s (e.g., learn, work, go, etc.) to ta lk about actions that started in the past and are s t i l l true now.

• D o n 't use the present con tinuous w ith / o r / since, N O T l am working h ere fo r twoyears.

2 W e can a lso use the present perfect con tinuous fo r con tinuous o r repeated actions that have been happen ing very recently. T he actions have usua lly ju st fin ished .

I’ve (I have)You’ve (You have)He / She / It’s (He has) We’ve (We have) They’ve (They have)

been working here for two years.

Have you been workinghere for two years?

Yes,1 have.

No,1 haven’t.

Has she been workinghere for two years?

Yes,she has.

No,she hasn’t.

work and liveWork and live are often used in either present perfect or present perfect continuous with the same meaning.I’ve lived here since 1980.I’ve been living here since 1980.

a C o r r e c t th e m is ta k e s .

H a r r y is u nem p loyed s in ce la s t year.

Harry has been unemployed since last year1 W e 've had o u r new ap a rtm en t s in ce s ix m on th s.

2 H i , Jackie! H o w are you ? I d o n ’t see you fo r ages!

3 H o w lo n g are you k n o w in g y o u r husband?

4 E m ily has been a vo lu n te e r fo r ten yea rs ago.

5 Pau l doesn’t eat an y th in g since yesterday because he's sick.

6 It h asn 't ra in e d s in ce tw o m on th s.

7 H o w lo n g has y o u r pa ren ts been m a rr ie d ?

8 T h e y ’ re h a v in g th e ir d og s in ce th ey go t m a rried .

9 I haven ’t go tten any e m a ils f ro m m y b ro th e r fo r

la s t w in te r.

10 M y g ra n d m o th e r liv e s in the sam e house a l l he r life .

b M a k e sen ten ce s w ith th e p re se n t p e r fe c t o r p re se n t

p e r fe c t c o n t in u o u s ( a n d /o r / since i f ne ce ssa ry ). U s e the

p re se n t p e r fe c t c o n t in u o u s i f p o s s ib le .

I / w o rk fo r a c h a r ity / e igh t years

I ’ve been working fo r a charity fo r eight years.1 w e / k n o w each o th e r / w e w ere c h ild re n

2 the c h ild re n / p lay co m p u te r gam es / tw o hou rs

3 y o u r s is te r / have th a t h a irs ty le / a lo ng t im e?

4 1/ love he r / the f ir s t day w e m et

5 m y In te rn e t c o n n e c t io n / n o t w o rk / yesterday

6 h o w lo ng / you / w a it?

7 I / be a teacher / th ree years

8 it / sn ow / f iv e o ’c lo c k th is m o rn in g

9 S am / n o t s tudy enough / re cen tly

10 y o u / liv e in C h ic a g o / a lo n g t im e?

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I haven’t (I have not) You haven’t He / She / It hasn't We haven’t They haven’t

been working here for two years.

comparing tw o actionscomparatives and superlatives: adjectives and adverbscomparing tw o people, places, things, etc.

1 M y sister is a litt le taller than me. 2 ID)) San Francisco is more expensive than Chicago. T h is test is less difficult than the last one. O liv e o i l is better fo r you than butter.

2 T he new sofa isn 't as comfortable as the o ld one.I don 't have as many books as I used to.

1 W e use com parative adjectives to com pare tw o people, places, th ings, etc.

• R eg u la r com parative adjectives: sp e llin g ru les

old > older big > bigger easy > easier modem > more modern difficult > m ore difficul

• Irregu la r com parative adjectives:

good > better bad > worse fa r > farther / further

• O ne-sy llab le adjectives end ing in -ed:bored > m ore bored stressed > m ore stressed tired > more tired

1 M y fa the r d rives faster than me. 2 12)))You w a lk more quickly than l do.A tla n ta p layed worse today than la st week.

2 M a x doesn 't speak E n g lish as well as h is w ife does.I don 't earn as much as m y boss.

1 W e use com parative adverbs to com pare tw o actions.

• R eg u la r com parative adverbs: sp e llin g ru les

fast > faster slowly > m ore slowly carefully > m ore carefully• Irregu la r comparatives:

well > better badly > worse2 W e can a lso use (not) as + adverb + as to m ake com parisons,

superlatives

2 W e can a lso use (not) as + adjective + as to make com parisons.

f j Object pronouns (me, him, etc.) after than and asAfter than or as we can use an object pronoun (me, him, her, etc.) or a subject pronoun (/, he, she, etc.) + auxiliary verb.She’s taller than me. OR She’s taller than I am. NOT -ShHs-tatler-thafrl.They're not as busy as us. OR They’re not as busy as we are. NOT -Tkey-'fe-not -aslousy-as-we.

the same asWe use the same as to say that two people, places, things, etc. are identical.Her dress is the same as mine.

• W e use superlative adjectives and adverbs to com pare people, th ings, o r actions w ith a ll o f th e ir group.

• F o rm superlatives lik e com paratives, bu t use -est instead o f -er and most / least instead o f more / less.

• W e u sua lly use the before superlatives, bu t you can a lso use possessive adjectives, e.g., my best friend, their most famous song.

• W e o ften use a superlative w ith present perfect + ever, e.g., It’s the best book I’ve ever read.

P in after superlativesUse in (NOT of) before places after a superlative.It’s the longest bridge in the world. NOT o f the worldIt’s the best beach in Florida. NOT of Florida

a C o m p le te w it h th e c o m p a ra t iv e o r s u p e r la t iv e o f the

bold w o rd (and than i f ne ce ssa ry ).

W h a t ’s the fastest w av to get a ro u n d M ia m i? fast1 I th in k s k i in g i s _________ ho rseback r id in g , easy2 A m o to rcy c le i s _________ a scoo te r, powerful3 I t h in k th a t tra v e lin g b y t ra in i s _________ fo rm o f

tra n sp o rta t io n , relaxing4 Y ou w a lk _________ I do. slowly5 _________ tim e to trave l is o n h o lid a y w eekends, bad6 _________ I've ever d r iv e n is f r o m W a sh in g to n , D .C . to

C h ic a g o , far7 T h e L o n d o n U n d e rg ro u n d i s _________ the subw ay in

N e w Y o rk C ity , old8 T h is i s _________ bu s I've ever been on. hot9 O f a l l m y fa m ily , m y m o m i s _________ d r iv e r , good

b C o m p le te w it h o n e w o rd .

G o in g by m o to rb o a t is more e x c it in g th an tra ve lin g

b y ferry.

1 A bus is n ’t as c o m fo r ta b le ______a tra in .

2 It ’s ______m o st expens ive ca r w e ’ve ever bought.

3 T h e t r a f f ic w as w o r s e ______w e expected .

4 T h is is the lo nges t t r ip I ’v e ______been on.

5 H e gets hom e late, bu t h is w ife a rr iv e s la te r t h a n _____

6 T h e ______in te re s t in g p lace I ’ve ever v is ite d is Ven ice .

7 I leave h om e at the sam e t im e ______m y b ro the r.

8 H e d r iv e s ______c a re fu lly th an h is g ir l f r ie n d - he's

never had an acc iden t.

9 W e d o n 't go a b ro a d ______o fte n as w e used to.

10 W h a t 's the longest f re e w a y_____ the U S ?

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K e v in is the tallest player on the team. 2 13)))Tokyo is the most expensive c ity in the w orld .T he sm a ll bag is the least expensive.Lucy is the best student in the class.W h o dresses the most stylishly in y ou r fam ily?T ha t's the worst w e’ve ever played.

GRAMMAR BANK3Barticles: a/an , the, no articlea / an

1 I saw an old man w ith a dog. 2 17)))2 It's a nice house. She's a lawyer.3 W h a t an awful day!4 I have classes three tim es a week.

• W e use the:1 when we ta lk about som eth ing w e ’ve a lready m entioned.

2 when it 's c lea r w hat you 're re fe rrin g to.

3 when there's o n ly one o f som eth ing.

4 w ith places in a town, e.g., movies and theater.5 w ith superlatives.

no a r t ic le

• W e use a / an w ith s in gu la r countab le nouns:

1 the f ir s t tim e you m en tion a th ing / person.

2 w hen you say w hat som eth ing is o r what som ebody does.

3 in exc lam ations w ith What...!4 in express ions o f frequency.

the

1 l saw an o ld m an w ith a dog. 2 18)))The dog w as bark ing.

2 M y fa the r opened the door.The children are at schoo l.

3 The moon goes around the Earth.4 I'm go ing to the movies ton ight.5 It's the best restauran t in town.

1 Women usua lly ta lk m ore than men Love is m ore im p o rta n t than money

2 She's not at home today.I get back from work at 5:30.

3 I never have breakfast.4 See you next Friday.

• W e don 't use an article:

1 when we are speak ing in genera l (w ith p lu ra l and uncountab le nouns). Com pare:

I love flow ers. (= flow e rs in general)

I love theflow ers in my garden. (= the sp e c if ic flow e rs in m y garden)

2 w ith some nouns, (e.g., home, work, school) a fte r at / to I from.3 before m eals, days, and m onths.

4 before next / last + day, week, etc.

2 19)))

a (Circle) the correct answers. b

I love (wedding)/ the weddings!

1 Jess is nurse / a nurse in a ho sp ita l. A hospital /The hospital is fa r f ro m he r house. 1

2 W h a t a horrible day / horrible dayl W e 'll

have to have o u r p ic n ic in the car / a car. ^

3 M y w ife l ik e s love stories / the love stories,bu t I p re fe r the war movies / war movies. ^

4 W e go to theater / the theater about

once a month / once the month. 4

5 I ’m h a v in g dinner / the dinner w ith som e

fr ie n d s the next Friday / next Friday. 5

6 M y b o y fr ie n d is chef / a chef. I th in k h e ’s

the best cook I best cook in the w o rld . 67 I ’m no t su re i f I c lo sed the windows /

windows b e fo re I le ft the home / home th is m o rn in g .

8 In genera l, I lik e dogs / the dogs, b u t I d o n ’t

l ik e dogs I the dogs tha t liv e n ex t d o o r to m e. 8

9 I got to the school / school la te eve ry day

the last week / last week.9

10 I t h in k happiness / the happiness is m o re

im p o rta n t th an success / the success.

C o m p le te w ith a / an, the, o r - (= n o a rt ic le ) .

A W e ’re lo st. L e t ’s s top and b u y a m ap.

B N o need. I ' l l pu t the address in the G P S .

A H o w o fte n do you go t o ______gym ?

B A b o u t th ree t im e s ______w eek. B u t I never

go o n _________ Fridays .

A W h a t t im e d o e s______t r a in leave?

B In ten m in u te s . C a n you g ive m e ______rid e t o ______ sta tion?

A W h a t ______b e a u t ifu l dress!

B T h a n k s . I b ou gh t it o n ______sa le ______ la s t m on th .

A W h a t ’s ______m o st in te re s t in g p lace to v is it in y o u r tow n?

B P ro b a b ly _____ m useum . I t ’s _______o ldest b u ild in g in tow n .

A W h a t sh o u ld w e d o ______next w eekend?

B L e t ’s in v ite som e fr ie n d s f o r ______lu n ch . W e co u ld eat ou ts ide

i n ______yard.

A D o y o u l ik e ______dogs?

B N o t rea lly . I p re fe r______cats. I t h in k th e y ’r e ______ best pets.

A Is y o u r m o m ______ housew ife?

B N o , she ’s ______teacher. S h e ’s a lw ays t ire d w hen she gets hom e

f r o m ______w o rk .

A H ave you ever h a d ______p ro b le m in y o u r re la t io n sh ip ?

B Yes, bu t w e go t o v e r______p ro b lem , and w e go t m a r r ie d ______

la s t year.

A W h e n i s _____ m eeting?

B T h e y 'v e ch a n g e d ______date. I t 's ______ nex t Tuesday now.

< p . 2 9Online Practice 137

can, could, be able to (ability and possibility)c a n / c o u ld

I can speak three languages fluently. 2 34)))Jenny can’t com e ton ight. She's sick.M y cous in could play the v io lin w hen she was three.They couldn’t w a it because they were in a hu rry .Could you open the d oo r fo r me, please?

• can is a m odal verb. It o n ly has a present fo rm (w h ich can be used w ith fu tu re m ean ing) and a past o r cond it io n a l fo rm (could).

• F o r a ll o the r tenses and fo rm s, we use be able to + base fo rm .

b e a b le to + b a se fo rm

1 Luke has been able to sw im since he was three. 2 35)))I'd lik e to be able to ski.I love being able to stay in bed late on Sunday m orn ing .Y o u ’ l l be able to practice you r E n g lish in the U S .

2 Fo rtunate ly , I am a b le to accept you r in v ita tion .M y co lleagues weren’t able to com e to yesterday's meeting.

1 W e use be able to + base fo rm fo r a b ility and po ss ib ility , espec ia lly where there is no fo rm o f can, e.g., fu ture, present perfect, in f in it iv e and gerund, etc.

2 W e som etim es use be able to in the present and past (instead o f can / could), u sua lly i f we w an t to be m ore fo rm a l.

a C o m p le te w it h th e c o r r e c t f o r m o f be able to ( 0 , E L

or[?]).

I ’ve never been able to scuba d ive .

1 H e r c e ll phone has been tu rn e d o f f a l l m o rn in g , so I

ta lk to h e r vet.

2 I d o n 't l ik e n o is y re stau ran ts. I l i k e _________________

have a co n ve rsa tio n w ith o u t shou ting .

3 I _________________leave hom e w hen I get a job.

4 W e 're h a v in g a p a r ty n e x t S a tu rd a y ._________________

y o u _________________com e?

5 Y ou n e e d ________________ sw im be fo re you can go in a

canoe.

6 I'm g o in g to F ran ce n e x t w eek, bu t I d o n 't speak

F ren ch . I h a te _________________co m m u n ic a te w ith

peop le.

7 Fo rtu n a te ly , f ir e f ig h te r s _________________rescue a l l o f

the peop le trapped in s id e the b u rn in g house.

8 I ’m ve ry so rry , b u t w e _________________go to y o u r

w e d d in g n e x t m on th . W e 'l l be o n vaca tion .

9 I'm fe e lin g a lit t le w o rs e ._________________you

_________________co n ta c t the d o c to r yet?

10 T h e m a n a g e r________________ see y o u r ig h t n ow

because he's in a m eeting .

b ( C ir c le ) th e c o r re c t fo rm . C h e c k / i f b o th a re p o s s ib le .

I ’ve a lw ays w an ted to can /(be ab le lcjidance salsa.

1 M y lit t le b o y couldn't / wasn’t able to speak u n t il he w as

a lm o s t tw o yea rs o ld .

2 S h e ’s m u ch be tte r a fte r he r o pe ra t ion . S h e ’ l l can /

be able to w a lk ag a in in a few m onth s.

3 H e hasn 't could / been able to f ix m y b ik e yet. H e ’ l l d o it

to m o rrow .

4 It ’s the w eekend a t last! I love can / being able to go o u t

w it h m y fr iend s.

5 W h e n w e liv e d on the coast, w e used to can / be able to go to the beach eve ry day.

6 I can ’t / ’m not able to send any e m a ils r ig h t now .

M y co m p u te r is n ’t w o rk in g .

7 I could I was able to read be fo re I s ta rted schoo l.

8 W e w o n ’t can / be able to go o n va ca t io n th is year

because w e need to spend a lo t o f m oney o n the house.

9 L in d a hasn't been able to / couldiih f in d a job.

10 A le x can / is able to sp eak K o re a n f lu e n t ly a fte r l iv in g

in S e o u l fo r ten years.

< p .34

138

4 ACould you open the door

for me, please?

GRAMMAR BANK4 Bhave to, must, should

have t o / m u s t (+ base form)

1 You have to w ear a seat be lt in the car. 2 4 2 )))D o you have to w o rk on Saturdays?I had to w ear a u n ifo rm at m y e lem entary schoo l.I’ l l have t o get up early tom orrow . M y in te rv iew is a t 9:00.

2 Y ou must be on tim e tom o rrow because there's a test.Y ou must rem em ber to ca ll E m ily - it's her b irthday.

3 I love the Louvre ! You have t o go w hen you 're in Paris.Y ou must see th is m ov ie — it's am azing!

• have to and must are u sua lly used to ta lk about o b lig a t io n o r som eth ing that is necessary to do.

1 have to is a n o rm a l verb and it ex ists in a ll tenses and fo rm s, e.g., a lso as a gerund o r in f in it iv e .

2 must is a m oda l verb. It o n ly ex ists in the present, but it can be used w ith a fu tu re m eaning.

3 You can a lso use have to o r must fo r strong recom m endations.

P have to or must?Have to and must have a very similar meaning, and you can usually use either form.Have to is more common for general, external obligations, for example rules and laws.Must is more common for specific (i.e., on one occasion) or personal obligations. Compare:I have to wear a shirt and tie a t work. (= It’s the rule in this company.)I must buy a new shirt - this one is too old now. (= It’s my own decision.)

have got toHave got to is often used instead of have to in spoken English, e.g., I’ve got to go now. It's very late.

d o n 't h a ve to

Y ou don’t have to pay - th is m useum is free. 2 4 3 )))Y ou don’t have to go to the p a rty i f you don ’t w ant to.

m u s t n o t

Y ou must not park here. 2 44)))

• W e use don’t have to w hen there is no o b liga tion to do som eth ing , and must not when som eth ing is p roh ib ited.

• don’t have to and must not are com plete ly d iffe rent. Com pare:

You don't have to drive - we can take a train. (= You can d rive i f you w ant to, but it ’s no t necessary / obligatory.)

You must not drive along this street. (= It's p roh ib ited , against the law, N O T You don’t-kaveto-drive along this street.)

• You can o ften use can’t o r not allowed to instead o f must not. You must not / can ’t / ’re not allowed to park here.

s h o u ld / s h o u ld n 't (+ b a s e fo rm )

You should take w arm c lo thes w ith you to Q u ito . 2 45))) It m igh t be co ld at n ight.Y ou shouldn’t d r in k so m uch coffee. It isn ’t good fo r you.I th in k the governm ent should do som eth ing about unem ploym ent.

• should is no t as strong as must / have to. W e use it to give advice o r an o p in io n - to say i f we th in k som eth ing is the r ig h t o r w rong th in g to do.

• should is a m oda l verb. T he o n ly fo rm s are should / shouldn’t.

a C o m p le te w it h th e c o r re c t fo rm o f have to ( 0 , Q , o r [7]).

I’ll have to c a ll b ack la te r because the lin e 's busy. 0

1 P a sseng e rs_________ tu rn o f f th e ir la p to p s d u r in g ta k e -o f f Q

2 _________ y o u __________do a lo t o f h o m e w o rk w hen you w ere in

sch oo l? CO

3 M y s is te r is a nu rse , so som e w eeks sh e _________ w o rk n ig h ts . 0

4 _________ you e v e r__________have an o p e ra t io n ? [7]

5 Sa tu rd ays a re the best day o f the w eek. I lo v e _________ get up

early. Q

6 I _________ leave a message on he r vo icem a il because she w asn ’t in . 0

7 In the fu tu re , p e o p le _________ go to schoo l; th e y 'll a l l s tudy at

hom e. G

8 W it h o ld c e ll phones, you used t o _________ cha rge the ba tte ry

m o re o ften . 0

9 _________ you r b o y fr iend_________ answ er h is w o rk em ails on

weekends? |T]

10 T h e e x h ib it io n w as free, so I _________ pay. QJ

( C i r c le ) th e c o r r e c t fo rm . C h e c k / i f b o th

a re p o s s ib le .

Y o u don’t have to /(jnust'nop use y o u r phone

in qu ie t zones.

1 D o you th in k w e should j have to te x t D a d to

te ll h im w e ’ l l be late?

2 Y o u don 't have to / must not send text

m essages w h e n you are d r iv in g .

3 A p i lo t has to / must w ea r a u n ifo rm w hen

he ’s at w o rk .

4 Y o u shouldn’t / must not ta lk on you r ce ll

phone w h e n you 're f i l l in g up the ca r w ith gas.

5 I have to / should speak to m y phone

com pany. M y la st b i l l w as w rong .

6 W e don 't have to / shouldn't hu rry . W e have

p len ty o f tim e.

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Online Practice 139

b

p a s t p e r fe c t : h a d + p a s t p a r t ic ip le

5 Apast tensess im p le p a s t: w o rk e d , s to p p e d , w e n t, had , e tc .

She was bo rn in Seou l. 3 10)))They got m arried last year.O n the way to R om e we stopped in F lo rence fo r the n ight.T he p lane didn’t arrive on tim e.W h a t tim e did you get up th is m o rn ing?

• W e use the s im p le past fo r fin ish ed actions in the past (when we say, ask, o r know when they happened).

• Rem em ber Irregular verbs p. 165.

p a s t c o n t in u o u s : w a s / w e re + v e rb + - in g

1 W h a t were you doing at s ix o ’c lo ck last n igh t? 3 ID))2 1 was driving along the freeway when it started snow ing.3 W h ile 1 was doing the housew ork the ch ild re n were

playing in the yard.4 It was a co ld n igh t and it was raining. I was watching T V

in the l iv in g room ...

1 W e use the past con tinuous to ta lk about an action in progress at a sp e c if ic tim e in the past.

2 W e o ften use the past con tinuous to describe a past ac tion in progress that was in te rrup ted by another action (expressed in the s im p le past).

3 W e o ften use the past con tinuous w ith while fo r tw o actions happen ing at the same tim e.

4 W e o ften use the past con tinuous to describe the b eg inn ing o f a sto ry o r anecdote.

a > th e c o r r e c t fo rm .

T h e teache r gave R ob b ie a ze ro because he cheated /

<Juld~cheate$> on the exam .

1 T h e y d id n ’t w in the gam e a lth o u g h they were training /

had trained e ve ry even ing .

2 M ik e had an a cc id en t w h ile he drove / was driving to w o rk .

3 I cleaned / had cleaned the house w hen I go t hom e. It

lo o ke d great.

4 W h e n w e a rr iv e d , the gam e started / had started. W e go

there ju st in t im e and saw the w ho le game!

5 T h e c a p ta in didn’t score / hadn’t scored a n y goa ls w hen

the re fe ree e jected h im .

6 M y son got in ju re d w h ile he played / wasplaying ba ske tb a ll la st Sa turday.

7 L u c k ily , w e stopped / had stopped s k i in g w hen the

sn o w s to rm sta rted . W e w ere a lre a d y ba ck at the hote l.

8 T h e L ake rs weren’t losing / hadn ’t lost any o f th e ir

gam es d u r in g th e ir t r ip to the E a s t C oas t.

9 T h e referee suspended the gam e because it was mining /

mined to o ha rd to play.

W h en they tu rned on the TV, the game had already 3 12))) finished.A s soon as I shut the door, I rea lized that I ’d left m y keys on the table.W e cou ldn ’t get a table in the restaurant because we hadn’t booked one.

• W e use the past perfect when we are ta lk in g about the past and we w an t to ta lk about an earlie r past action . Com pare:

When John arrived, they went out. (= f ir s t John a rr ived and then they w en t out)

When John arrived, they had gone out. (= they w en t out before John arrived)

u s in g n a r ra t iv e t e n s e s t o g e th e r

It was a co ld n igh t and it was raining. 1 was 3 13)))watching T V in the l iv in g room . Sudden ly 1 heard a knock at the door. 1 got up and opened the door. B u t there was nobody there. T he person w ho had knocked on the doo r had disappeared...

• Use the past con tinuous (was mining, was watching) to set the scene.

• U se the s im p le past (heard, got up, etc.) to say w hat happened.

• U se the past perfect (had knocked, had disappeared) to say w hat happened before the prev ious past action.

b C o m p le te w it h th e s im p le past, p a s t c o n t in u o u s , o r

p a s t p e rfe c t.

T h e m a ra th on ru n n e r was sweating w hen she crossed the f in is h lin e , (sweat, cross)

1 T h e a c c id e n t_________ w h e n th e y __________hom e.

(happen , d r ive )

2 T h e c r o w d _________ w hen the re fe ree__________ the

f in a l w h is t le , (cheer, b low )

3 I _________ her at f ir s t because s h e __________so m uch.

(no t re cog n ize , change)

4 T h e p o l ic e _________ her on the freew ay because she

_________ a seat be lt, (stop, n o t wear)

5 S om e o f the p la y e rs_________ w h ile the c o a c h ________

to them , (no t lis te n , ta lk)

6 W e _________ use the s k i s lo p e because i t __________

enough, (not can , n o t snow )

7 T h e y _________ p lay te n n is because th e y __________a

co u rt, (not ab le to, n o t book)

8 T h e p la y e r_________ a y e llo w ca rd because h e ________

h is s h ir t , (get, take o ff)

< p . 4 6

GRAMMAR BANK5Bpresent and past habits and states: usually and used to

1 I usually get up at 8:00 d u r in g the week. 3 17)))I don’t normally go out d u r in g the week.H ouses in the subu rbs usually have yards.Do you normally walk to w ork?

2 W e used to go to the beach fo r ou r vacations when I was a ch ild .H e didn’t use to do any exercise, bu t now he run s m arathons.I never used to like hockey, but I w atch it every week now.W e used to be close friends, but we don 't ta lk to each o the r anym ore. T h a t b u ild in g used to be a restaurant, but it c losed dow n la st year.Did they use to live dow ntow n?Didn’t you use to have long ha ir?

1 F o r present hab its we can use usually o r normally + s im p le present.N O T I used to get tip at 8:00.

2 F o r past hab its we use used to / didn’t use to + base form .

• used to does not ex is t in the present tense. N O T f t tse f o-get tip at 8:00 during the week.

• W e use used to fo r th ing s tha t were true over a pe riod o f tim e in the past. Used to o ften refers to som eth ing that is not true now.

I used to play a lot o f sports. (= 1 played a lo t o f spo rts fo r a pe riod o f tim e in the past, but now' I d on ’t.)

• used to I didn’t use to can be used w ith ac tion verbs (e.g., go, do) and nonaction verbs (e.g., be, have).

• W e can a lso use the s im p le past to describe past hab its (often w ith an adverb o f frequency).

W e (often) went to the beach fo r our vacations when I was a child.I lived downtown until I got married.

used to or s im p le past?We can use used to or simple past for repeated actions or states, and the meaning is the same.I used to live in Miami as a child. / I lived In Miami as a child.But if the action happened only once, or we mention exact dates or number of times, we have to use simple past.I went to Paris last year. NOT / used to go to Paris last year.Jack caught the train to Chicago four times last week. NOT Jack used to catch the train to Chicago four times last week.

anymore and any longerWe often use not...anymore / any longer (= not now) with the simple present to contrast with used to.I used to go to the gym, but I don't (go) anymore / any longer.

be used to and get used toDon't confuse used to / didn't use to (do something) with be used to or get used to (doing something).I am used to getting up early every day.(= I am accustomed to it. I always do it, so it is not a problem for me.)Lola can't get used to living in the US.(= She can’t get accustomed to it. It is a problem for her.)

a C o m p le te w it h used to (0 . El o r |T|) a n d a v e rb f r o m th e lis t .

argue be get along go out have like hve speak spend wear work

S o n ya used to live in N e w Y o rk C ity , b u t la te r she m oved to

N e w Jersey. 0

1 W e _________ a lo t in co m m o n , b u t n o w w e ’re com p le te ly

d iffe ren t. 0

2 I _________ m u ch t im e o n lin e , bu t now I’m add icted to Facebook . 0

3 _________ yo u r f ia n c e __________glasses? H e lo o ks d iffe ren t now . [T]

4 I _________ w ith m y c lassm ates, b u t n o w I spend a l l m y t im e w ith

m y b o y fr ie n d . 0

5 W h e r e _________ y o u r h u sb a n d __________be fo re he go t the job in

the b an k? U]6 M y s is te r lo s t a lo t o f w e igh t. S h e _________ so s lim . 0

7 _________ y o u __________a lo t w ith y o u r pa ren ts w hen you w ere a

teenager? [7]

8 I _________ Japanese fo od , bu t now' I eat a lo t o f su sh i. GO

9 L a u ra _________ w e ll w ith her room m ate , but now they don ’t ta lk to

each other. 0

10 M y e x _________to m e, bu t n o w he c a lls m e a lo t. Q

b A r e the h ig h l ig h te d v e rb fo rm s r ig h t / o r

w ro n g X ? C o r r e c t th e w ro n g ones.

S o n ya use to see M ic h a e l e ve ry day. X used to see

1 H is parents used to sp lit up a fte r he w as bo rn .

2 D o you u su a lly te ll a c lo se f r ie n d abou t y o u r

p rob lem s?

3 M y s is te r d id n 't use to w an t c h ild re n , but

n o w she has fou r!

4 I d id n 't used to lik e m y m a th teache r w hen 1

w as in schoo l.

5 T h e y used to go on v aca tio n eve ry year.

6 T h a t coup le has th ree k id s , so they d o n ’t use

to go ou t at n igh t.

7 W h e re d id y o u r pa ren ts use to m eet w hen

they f ir s t w en t out?

8 M y hu sband use to w o rk fo r a bank , bu t now

he's unem p loyed .

9 W e love the theater. W e u su a lly go to a p lay

at least once a m on th .

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Online Practice 141

Food and cooking V O C A B U L A R Y B A N K

1 FOOD

a M a t c h th e w o rd s and

p ic tu re s .

Fish and seafood1 c rab /krteb /

m u sse ls /'mAslz/ sa lm o n /'stemon/

s h r im p JY im p/

sq u id /skwid/ tuna/'tuno/

Meatb e e f /hi f/

ch ic ke n tjikon/

duck/dAk/

la m b hum/

p o rk /pork/

Fruits and vegetablesbeet /bit/

cabbage /'ktebid.y

ch e rr ie s / 'tjb riz/

cu cu m b e r /'kyukAm bar/

eggp la n t /'egpkent/

(BritE auberg ine)

g rapes /greips/

green bean s /grin b in/7

lem on/dem on/

m ango /'majpgoo/

m e lo n 'melon/

peach /pilJ7

pea r /per/

ra spb e rr ie s /'rtezberiz/

red p ep pe r /red 'pepar/

z u c c h in i /zu 'k in i /

(B r itE c o u rgette)

b 1 2)}) L is te n an d check .

c A r e th e re a n y th in g s in

th e l is t th a t y o u .. .?

a love

b hate

c have never tr ie d

d A r e th e re a n y o th e r k in d s

o f f is h , m ea t, o r f r u it s and

veg e tab le s th a t a re v e ry

c o m m o n in y o u r c o u n try ?

2 C O O K IN G

a M a t c h th e w o rd s and p ic tu re s .

4 b o ile d Zboild/ g r il le d /grild/

roasted /roosttd/ fr ie d /fra id/

baked /b e ik l/ steam ed /stim d/

b 13))) L is te n a n d ch e ck .

c H o w d o y o u p re fe r th e se th in g s to

b e c o o ke d ?

eggs chicken

potatoes fish

P P h ra sa l ve rb s

Lea rn th e s e p h ra sa l v e rb s co n n e c te d w ith fo o d and d ie t.

I eat out a lot because I don't really have time to cook.(= eat in restaurants)I’m trying to cut down on coffee right now. I'm only having one cup at breakfast. (= have less)The doctor told me I had very high cholesterol and that I should completely cut out all high-fat cheese and dairy products from my diet (= eliminate)

< p . 4

V O C A B U L A R Y B A N KPersonality1 W H A T A R E T H E Y LIKE?

a C o m p le te th e d e f in it io n s w it h th e ad jec t ive s .

affe c tionate /o'fekjbnat/ aggressive /o'grcsiv/ am bitious/tem 'bijbs/ anxious /'aenklos/ bossy /'bosi/ charming /'tfa rm n y com petitive kom 'pctotiv/ independent /ind i'pendant/ jealous P d ^ ls s l moody "m udi/ rebellious /n 'bdvos/ reUable/n 'la iobl/ self ish /'se lfif/ sensible /'sensabl/ sensitive /'sensativ/ sociable /'soufobl/ spoiled /spoild/ stubborn /'stAbarn/

1 Selfish p eop le th in k abou t them se lves and no t about

o th e r peop le.

2 A ______________ pe rso n a lw ays w a n ts to w in .

3 ______________ ch ild re n behave b ad ly because they are

g iven e v e ry th in g they w an t.

4 A n ______________ pe rso n gets a n g ry q u ic k ly and lik e s

f ig h t in g and a rgu ing .

5 ______________ peop le have an a ttra c t iv e p e rso n a lity

and m ake peop le l ik e them .

6 A ______________ person has co m m o n sense and is

p ra c tica l.

7 A ______________ pe rso n is f r ie n d ly an d en joys b e in g

w ith o th e r peop le.

8 ______________ peop le are o fte n w o r r ie d o r stressed.

9 A ______________ pe rson is h appy one m in u te and sad

the next, and is o ften bad-tem pered .

10 ______________ peop le lik e d o in g th in g s o n th e ir ow n ,

w ith o u t help.

11 A ______________ pe rso n lik e s g iv in g o rd e rs to o the r

peop le.

12 A n ______________ pe rson show s th a t he o r she loves o r

lik e s peop le ve ry m uch .

13 A ______________ pe rso n th in k s th a t som eone loves

an o the r p e rso n m o re th an h im o r her, o r w an ts w hat

o th e r peop le have.

14 A ______________ pe rson can be ea s ily h u r t o r o ffended .

15 A n ______________ pe rso n w an ts to be su cce ss fu l in

life .

16 A ______________ pe rso n is som eone w h o you can t ru s t

o r depend on.

17 A ______________ p e rso n doesn ’t l ik e o b e y in g ru le s .

18 A ______________ pe rson never changes h is (or her)

o p in io n o r a ttitu de abou t som e th ing .

b 1 23))) L is te n and check .

c C o v e r the d e f in it io n s and lo o k a t th e ad je c t ive s .

R e m e m b e r th e d e f in it io n s .

2 O P P O S ITE S

a M a t c h th e a d je c t iv e s and th e ir o p p o s ite s .

cheap / ifip / hardworking /ha rd 'w ork ıŋ/o u tgoing /'aotaooin/ self-confid en t Self 'kantddont/stupid 'stupod/ ta lkative /'tokativ /

—Opposite

gene rous ____________

in se cu re ____________

la z y ____________

q u ie t ____________

shy ____________

sm a rt ____________

b 1 24))) L is t e n a n d ch e ck . T h e n c o ve r th e o p p o s ite s and

te s t y o u rs e lf .

c W it h a p a r tn e r , lo o k a t th e a d je c t iv e s a g a in in 1 and

2 . D o y o u t h in k th e y a re p o s it iv e , n eg a tiv e , o r n e u tra l

c h a ra c te r is t ic s ?

3 N E G A T IV E P R E FIXES

a W h ic h p r e f ix d o y o u u se w it h th ese ad je c t ive s? P u t

th e m in th e c o r r e c t c o lu m n .

am bitious clean friend ly honest imaginative kind mature organized pa tien t reliable responsible selfish sensitive sociable

un-/d is - im - / ir - / in -

unambitious

b 1 25))) L is t e n and ch e ck . W h ic h o f th e n ew ad je c t iv e s

h a s a p o s it iv e m e a n in g ?

c C o v e r th e c o lu m n s . T e s t y o u rse lf .

P False friendsSome words in English are very similar to words in o ther languages, but have d iffe ren t meanings.S e n s ib le looks very similar to sensible in Spanish and French, bu t in fa c t in English it means someone who has common sense and is practical. The Spanish / French word sensible translates as s e n s it iv e in English (to describe a person who is easily hurt).S y m p a th e t ic does not mean the same as sempatik in Turkish (which mean n ic e , f r ie n d ly ). In English, s y m p a th e t ic means a person who understands other people’s feelings, e.g., My best friend was very sympathetic when I failed my exam last week.

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Money V O C A B U L A R Y B A N K

1 V E R B S

a C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h a v e rb f r o m th e lis t .

2 P R E P O S IT IO N S 3 N O U N S

a C o m p le te th e Preposition c o lu m n w it h a w o rd f ro m

th e lis t .

by fo r (x2) from in (x2) into on to

Preposition

1 Would you like to pay cash or credit card?

in, by

2 1 paid the dinner last night. It was my birthday.

3 1 spent $50 books yesterday.

4 My uncle invested all his money real estate.

5 1 don't like lending money friends.

6 1 borrowed a lo t o f money the bank.

7 They charged me $120 a haircut!

8 1 never ge t debt. 1 hate owing people money.


c C o v e r the Preposition c o lu m n . L o o k at th e sen ten ces

and re m e m b e r th e p re p o s it io n s .

a M a tc h th e n o u n s and d e f in it io n s .

ATM (BritE cash machine) 'ei ti 'em/ b ill/b il/ eeift /ko in/ loan /loon/ m ortgage /'morgid.V sa lary /'sadori/ ta x /tacks/

1 coin a p iece o f m o n e y m ade o f m e ta l

2 _________ a p iece o f pape r tha t show s how m uch

m oney you have to pay fo r so m e th in g

3 _________ the m oney you get fo r the w o rk you d o

4 _________ m oney th a t you pay to the gove rnm en t

5 _________ m oney tha t som ebody (or a bank) lend s you

6 _________ m oney tha t a b a n k lends you to b u y a house

7 _________ a m a ch in e w here you can get m oney

b 1 37))) L is te n and ch e ck . C o v e r th e w o rd s and lo o k at

th e d e f in it io n s . T r y to re m e m b e r th e w o rd s .

P Phrasal verbsI took out $200 from an ATM. (= took from my bank account)

When can you pay me back the money I lent you? (= return)

I have to live o f f my parents while I'm in college,(= depend on financially)

It’s difficult for me and my wife to live on only one salary. (= have enough money fo r basic th ing s you need to live)

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be w orth /hi unit) borrow /'huroo/ can't affo rd /krcnt o'ford/ charge H ardy cost/kost/ earn d m / inherit Jn'herot/ invest /in'vest/ lend lend/ owe/oo/ raise iy i/ save seiv waste /weist/

1 M y unc le d ied and le ft m e $ 2 ,0 0 0 .

2 I pu t som e m oney as ide eve ry w eek fo r m y nex t vaca tion .

3 M y b ro th e r p ro m ise d to g ive m e $50 .

4 I need to ask m y m o m to g ive m e $20 .

5 I o fte n spend m oney o n s tup id th ings.

6 I d o n ’t have enough m oney to buy tha t car.

7 I u su a lly have to pay the m ech a n ic $ 4 0 0 to f ix m y car.

8 The se shoes are ve ry expens ive . T h e y are $ 2 00 .

9 J im gave m e $ 1 0 0 .1 haven ’t p a id h im ba ck yet.

10 1 w an t to pu t m oney in a b a n k a ccoun t. T h e y 'l l g ive m e 5% in te rest.

11 I w o rk in a supe rm a rke t. T h e y pay m e $ 1 ,6 0 0 a m on th .

12 I c o u ld se ll m y house fo r abou t $ 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 .

13 W e need to get peop le to g ive m oney to b u ild a new h o sp ita l.

I 'm g o in g to inherit $ 2 ,0 0 0 .

I _________ m oney eve ry week.

H e p ro m is e d t o _________ m e $50 .

1 need t o _________ $ 2 0 fro m m y m om .

I o f te n _________ m oney.

I _________ to b u y th a t car.

T h e m e c h a n ic _________ m e $ 4 0 0 .

T h e y _________ $2 00 .

I _________ J im $100 .

I w an t t o _________ som e m oney.

I _________ $ 1 ,6 0 0 a m on th .

M y h o u s e _________ abou t $ 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 .

W e w a n t t o _________ m oney fo r the n ew ho sp ita l.

b 1 35))) L is te n and ch e ck . C o v e r th e sen ten ce s o n th e r ig h t . T r y to re m e m b e r them .

Transportation V O C A B U L A R Y B A N K

1 PU B LIC T R A N S P O R T A T IO N A N D V E H IC LE S

a M a tc h th e w o rd s and p ic tu re s .

bus /bns/

freew ay / 'fr iw e i/

lig h t r a i l / la it red/

1 p la t fo rm /'p ltetform /

sco o ter/ 'sku to r/

b 2 2))) L is te n a n d ch e ck .

subw ay /'sAbwei/

(BritE the un de rg roun d )

t r a in It re in/

t ru c k ltr\kl v a n /vaj n/

c C o v e r the w o rd s a n d lo o k a t th e p ic tu re s .

T r y to re m e m b e r th e w o rd s .

2 O N T H E ROAD

P Compound nounsCompound nouns are two nouns together where the firs t noun describes the second, e.g., a child seat = a seat for a child, a bus stop = a place for buses to stop, etc. In compound nouns, the first noun is stressed more strongly than the second. There are many compound nouns related to road travel.

a C o m p le te th e c o m p o u n d n o u n s .

belt belt/ camera /'kasmra/ crash kr<e|7 hour /'auar/ jam /d 3tem/ te fte /le in / light/la it/ lim it/'lim ot/ stand /sttend/ station /'steifn/ ticke t/'tikot/ walk w ok work/work/ zone Moon/

b 2 3))) L is te n an d ch e ck . T h e n c o ve r th e c o m p o u n d n o u n s and lo o k a t the

p ic tu re s . R e m e m b e r th e c o m p o u n d n o u n s .

3 H O W LONG D O ES IT TA K E?

How long does it take?It takes about an hour to get from Princeton to New York City by train.It took (me) more than an hour to get to work yesterday.How long does it take (you) to get toschool?Use take (+ person) + time (+ to get to) to talk about the duration of a trip, etc.

R e a d th e in fo rm a t io n b o x above . T h e n ask

and a n sw e r th e q u e s t io n s w it h a p a rtne r.

1 H o w do you get to w o rk / schoo l?

H o w lo n g does it take?

2 H o w lo ng does it take to get f ro m

y o u r house to the cen te r o f to w n ?

J D Phrasal verbsLearn these phrasal verbs connected with transportation and travel.We set o ff at 7:00 in the morning to try to avoid the traffic. (= leave on a trip)I arrive at 8:15. Do you think you could pick me up at the station? (= go somewhere in a car and get him/her, etc.)1 got on the wrong bus, and / ended up on the opposite side o f town. (= find yourself in a place / situation that you did not expect)We’re running out o f gas. Let's stop at the next gas station. (= finish your supply o f something)Watch out! / Look out! You’re going to crash! (= be careful or pay attention to something dangerous)

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Online Practice 155

1 bicycle lane 2 car 3 cross

4 gas 5 parking 6 pedestrian

7 road 8 rush 9 seat 10 speed

11 speed 12 taxi 13 traffic 14 traffic

Dependent prepositions V O C A B U L A R Y B A N K

1 A F T E R V E R B S

a C o m p le te th e Preposition c o lu m n w it h a w o rd

f r o m th e l is t .

about at between for in o f on to with

He apologized to the police officer for driving fast,

b 2 25))) L is te n a n d check .

c C o v e r the Preposition c o lu m n . S a y the

sen ten ce s w ith th e c o r r e c t p re p o s it io n .

Preposition

1 He apologized the police officer driving fast, to . for

2 We’re arriving Miami on Sunday. _____

3 We’re arriving O’Hare Airport at 3:45. _____

4 Who does this book belong ? _____

5 I never argue my husband money. _____,_____

6 Could you ask the waiter the check? _____

7 Do you believe ghosts? _____

8 I can't choose these two bags. _____

9 We might go out. It depends the weather. _____

10 I dreamed my childhood last night. _____

11 Don’t laugh me! I'm doing my best! _____

12 I'm really looking forward the party. _____

13 If I pay the gas, can you pay for the parking? _____

14 This music reminds me our honeymoon in Italy. _____

15 I don’t spend a lot of money clothes. _____

2 A F T E R A D JE C T IV E S

a C o m p le te th e Preposition c o lu m n w it h a w o rd

f r o m th e lis t .

about at for from in of on to with

My brother is afraid of* bats.

‘also scared of and frightened of


c C o v e r th e Preposition c o lu m n . S a y the

sen ten ce s w it h th e c o r re c t p re p o s it io n .

J D Gerunds after prepositionsRemember that after a preposition we use a verb in the gerund (+ -ing).We're really excited a b o u t g o in g to Brazil.I’m tired o f w a lk in g .

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1 My brother is afraid* bats.

2 She’s really angry her boyfriend last night.

3 I’ve never been good sports.

4 Eat your vegetables. They’re good you.

5 I’m very close my older sister.

6 This exercise isn't very different the last one.

7 We’re really excited going to Brazil.

8 I’m fed up listening to you complaining.

9 Krakow is famous its main square.

10 My sister is very interested astrology.

11 I’m very fond my little nephew. He’s adorable.

12 She’s very passionate riding her bike. She does about 30 miles every weekend.

13 I don’t like people who aren’t kind animals.

14 She used to be married a pop star.

15 I’m really happy my new motorcycle.

16 My dad was very proud learning to ski.

17 Why are you always rude waiters and salespeople?

18 Rachel is worried losing her job.

19 I’m tired walking. Let’s stop and rest.

Preposition

.o f___

(or to)

Sports V O C A B U L A R Y B A N K

1 PEOPLE A N D PLA C ES

a M a t c h th e w o rd s and p ic tu re s .

cap ta in /'kmpton/

coach /kootf/

1 fans/f<Enz/

p layers /'p le iarz/

re fe ree /refo'ri/ /

u m p ire Im p a io r/

sp e c ta to rs / 'spektc ito rz/ /

the c ro w d /kraud/

team 'tim /

s ta d iu m /'ste id iam /

s p o rts a rena /spo rts o'rino/

b 3 2)}) L is te n an d ch e ck . C o v e r th e w o rd s an d lo o k at

th e p ic tu re s . T e s t y o u rse lf .

c M a t c h th e p la ce s a n d sp o rts .

course /kors/ court kort/ field /fild / pool/pul slope /sloop/ t r a c k / t ra ik /

1 te n n is / b a ske tb a ll court2 so cce r / b a se b a ll____________

3 s w im m in g / d iv in g ____________

4 ru n n in g / ho rse r a c in g ____________

5 g o l f ------------------

6 s k i____________

d 3 3))) L is te n an d ch e ck . T h e n te st a p a rtn e r .

A (b o o k open) say a sp o rt, e.g., tennis.B (b o o k c losed) say w here you p lay it, e.g., tennis court.

2 V E R B S d C o m p le te th e Verb c o lu m n w it h a v e rb f r o m th e lis t .

P w in and b e a tYou win a game, competition, medal, or trophy.You beat another team or person NOT The Red Sox won the Yankees.

a C o m p le te w it h th e p a s t ten se a n d past

p a r t ic ip le s .

beat beat _______win _______ _______lose ______ _______tie ______ _______

b C o m p le te th e Verb c o lu m n w it h th e p ast

ten se o f a v e rb f r o m a.

1 Costa Rica the US 3-0.2 Costa Rica the game 3-0.3 The Chicago Bulls 78-91 to

the Boston Celtics.4 Spain with Brazil 2-2.

Verb

c 3 4))) L is te n an d ch e ck a an d b.

do get injured get in shape go kick score throw tram

Verb

1 Professional sportspeople have to every day. train

2 Don’t play tennis on a wet court. You might . ________

3 A soccer player has to try to the ball into the goal. ________

4 I’ve started going to the gym because I want to . ________

5 Our new striker is going to a lot of goals. ________

6 Would you like to swimming this afternoon? ________

7 My brothers yoga and tai-chi. ________

8 In basketball, players the ball to each other. ________

e 3 5))) L is te n and ch e ck . C o v e r th e Verb c o lu m n s in b and d. T e s t y o u rse lf .

P Phrasal verbsIt’s important to warm up before you do any vigorous exercise. (= do light exercise to get ready, e.g., for a game)My daughter works out every afternoon. (= exercises at a gym)My team was knocked out in the semi-finals. (= eliminated)

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Online Practice 157

V O C A B U L A R Y B A N KRelationships1 PEOPLE

a M a t c h th e w o rd s a n d d e f in it io n s .

classmate /'k ltesm eit/ close friend k lo u s frend/ colleague/'ka lig/ couple .'kA.pl/ ex /eks/ fiancd Tiun'sci/ (female fiancee) partner /'part nor/ roommate /'rum m eit/

b 3 19))) L is t e n and ch e ck . C o v e r the

d e f in it io n s a n d lo o k a t th e w o rd s .

R e m e m b e r th e d e f in it io n s .

1 couple_________ tw o peop le w h o are m a rr ie d o r in a ro m a n t ic re la t io n sh ip

2 _______________ y o u r husband , w ife , b o y fr ie n d , o r g ir lf r ie n d

3 _______________ the p e rso n th a t you a re engaged to be m a rr ie d to

4 _______________ a pe rson th a t you share an ap a rtm en t o r house w ith

5 _______________ a p e rso n th a t you w o rk w ith

6 _______________ (colloquial) a pe rson th a t you used to have a re la t io n sh ip

w ith

7 _______________ a ve ry g ood fr ie n d tha t you can ta lk to abou t a n y th in g

8 _______________ a f r ie n d f ro m sch o o l o r co llege

2 V E R B S A N D V E R B P H R A S E S

a C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w ith a v e rb o r v e rb p h ra se in th e p a s t tense.

be together become friends break up get along get in touch get married get to know go out together have something in common lose touch meet propose

1 1 met_______M a r k w hen I w as s tu d y in g at B o s to n U n iv e rs ity .

2 W e ________each o th e r q u ic k ly because w e w en t to the sam e classes.

3 W e s o o n _________ , and w e d iscove red th a t w e _________ a lo t __________ . F o r

exam p le , w e b o th lik e d a rt and m us ic .

4 W e _________ in o u r second sem ester, and w e fe ll in love.

5 W e _________ fo r tw o years, bu t w e a rgued a lo t, an d in o u r la s t sem ester o f

sch oo l, w e _________ .

6 A f t e r w e g raduated f ro m co llege , w e _________ because I m oved to C h icag o ,

and he stayed in B o ston .

7 F iv e yea rs later, w e _________ aga in o n Faceb ook . W e w ere b o th s t i l l s ing le ,

and M a r k had m oved to C h ic a g o , too.

8 T h is t im e w e _________ b e tte r th an be fo re , m aybe because w e w ere o lder.

9 A f t e r tw o m o n th s M a r k _________ and I accepted.

10 W e _________ last sum m er. A lo t o f o u r o ld co llege fr ie n d s cam e

to the w edd ing !

b 3 20))) L is t e n a n d ch e ck .

c L o o k a t th e p ic tu re s . T r y to re m e m b e r th e sto ry .

^ 3 Colloquial languageI went out last night with some buddies. (= friends)I’m really into a girl I met in class last week. (= I’m attracted to her)Jane dumped her boyfriend last night! (= told him that their relationship was over)My younger sister has a crush on Justin Bieber! (= be madly in love with when you are young)Phrasal verbsMy sister and her boyfriend broke up /sp lit up last month. (= ended their relationship)My brother has been going out with Ns girlfriend for two years. (= dating)

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Irregular verbs

5 45)))

Infinitive Simple past Past participle

be /bi/ was /wo// were /war/

been /bin/

beat /bit/ beat beaten /'bitn/become/bi'knm/ became /bi'keim/ becomebegin /bi'gin/ began /bfgam/ begun /bi'gnn/bite /ban/ b it /bit/ b itten /'bitn/break/breik/ broke /brook/ broken Abroukan/bring /brio/ brought /brot/ broughtbuild /bild/ built /bilt/ builtbuy Zbai/ bought /hot/ bought

can /keen/ could /kod/ -

catch /kajff/ caught /kot/ caughtchoose /tfuz/ chose /tj'ouz/ chosen / ’tfoozn/come Zknm/ came keim/ comecost /kost/ cost costcut /knt/ cut cut

do /du/ did /did/ done /clnn/draw /dro/ drew /dru/ drawn /dron/dream /drim/ dreamed /drimd/ dreamed

(dreamt /dremi/) (dreamt)drink /driqk/ drank /dnegk/ drunk Zdrnok/drive /draiv/ drove /droov/ driven /'dnvn/

eat /it/ ate /eit/ eaten Z'itn/

fa ll /fol/ fe ll /fd/ fallen /'fotan/fee l/fil/ fe lt /felt/ fe ltfind /fame!/ found /faund/ foundfly /flai/ flew 'flu/ flown /floon/forget /for'get/ forgot /for'gat/ fo rgo tten /for'gotn/

get /get/ got /gat/ g o tte n /'gain/give /giv/ gave/geiv/ given /'yivn/go /goo/ went /went/ gone /gan/grow /grou/ grew /gni/ grown /groun/

hang /1ɪæŋ/ hung /1ıʌŋ/ hunghave haw/ had /hæd/ hadhear/hir/ heard /hard/ heardhit /hit/ hit hithurt /hart/ hurt hurt

keep /kip/ kept /kept/ keptknow /noo/ knew Znu/ known /noun/

Infinitive Simple past Past participle

learn /lorn/ learned /lornd/ learnedleave /iiv/ le ft /left/ le ftlend /lend/ lent /lent/ lentlet /let/ let letlie /lai/ lay /lei/ lain /lein/lose /luz/ lost /lost/ lost

make Zrneik/ made /meid/ mademean /min/ meant /ment/ meantmeet /m it/ met /met/ met

pay /pei/ paid Zpeid/ paidput /put/ put put

read /rid/ read /red/ read /red/ride /raid/ rode /rood/ ridden/'ndn/ring /ng/ rang /ɪ-æŋ/ rung Itm)/run /rnn/ ran /ran/ run

say /sei/ said /sed/ saidsee /si/ saw /so/ seen /sin/sell /sel/ sold /sould/ soldsend /send/ sent /sent/ sentset /set/ set setshine /fain/ shone /foon/ shoneshut /Jat/ shut shutsing /sip/ sang /steo/ sung /snr)/sit /sit/ sat /sait/ satsleep /slip/ slept /slept/ sleptspeak/spik/ spoke /spook/ spoken /'spoukan/spend /spend/ spent /spent/ spentstand /sl^nd/ stood /stud/ stoodstea l/stil/ stole /stool/ stolen /'sloulan/swim /swim/ swam /swsm/ swum su \m/

take /teik/ took /tok/ taken /‘tcikon/teach /tiff/ taught /tot/ taughtte ll /tel/ told /took!/ toldth in k /Oipk/ thought /(tot/ thoughtthrow /θɪ-θʊ/ threw /Oru/ thrown /Oroun/

understand understood understoodAndo'staend/ /nndar'stud/

wake weik/ woke /wouk/ woken /'woukan/wear /wer/ wore /w or/ worn /worn/win /win/ won /wnn/ wonwrite /ran/ wrote /rout/ w ritten /'ntn/

Irregular verbs 165

Vowel sounds S O U N D B A N K

usual spelling ! but also

ee b e e f speed

ea peach team

e re fu n d m e d iu m

peop le m agaz ine

n ie ce rece ip t

ɪ d ish b i l l

p itch f it

t ic k e t s in ce

p re tty w om en

busy dec ided

v illa g e phys ics

eer cheers eng inee r

ere here w e ’re

ear beard

appearance

se r io u s

a fa n trave l

c ra sh tax

c a r ry land

e m enu lend

tex t spend

p le n ty cent

fr ie n d ly a lready

h ea lth y m any

sa id

air a irp o r t u p sta irs

fa ir h a ir

are ra re ca re fu l

th e ir there

w ea r pea r

area

o shop com edy

p lo t sho t

co ttage on

w atch w an t

ca lm

a ba ld w a ll

aw d ra w saw

al w a lk ta lk

th ou gh t caugh t

aud ience

or sp o rts f lo o r

ore bo re score

w a rm cou rse

board

o o p o o l m o o d y

u* tru e studen t

su itca se ju ice

shoe m ove soup

th rou gh

* e sp e c ia lly be fo re co n so n an t + e


u f u l l

oo co o k b o o k

lo o k good

co u ld shou ld

w o u ld w o m an

A v e ry u n u su a l sound ,

su re p lu ra l

u p u b lic sub ject

u g ly du ck

cup

m oney som eone

enough c o u n try

tough

M a n y d if fe re n t sp e llin g s ,

/ə/ is a lw ays unstressed ,

abou t c o m p la in

er pe rso n p re fe r le a rn

ir d ir t y th ird

ur c u r ly tu rn

w o rk

w o r ld w orse

p ic tu re

ou h o u r a roun d

p roud g round

ow to w n b ro w n

o* b roke stone

fro ze n stove

oa ro a s t coat

ow e s lo w

a lth o u g h

shou lde rs

ar garden charge

s ta rte r

hea rt

a* save gate

ai ra ilro a d p la in

ay m ay say g ray

b reak steak

grea t w e igh t

they

oi b o ile d n o isy

s p o il c o in

oy en joy em p loye r

i* f in e s ign

y shy m o to rcy c le

igh f l ig h t fr ig h tened

b u y eves

he igh t

vow e ls vow e ls fo llo w e d b v Irl d ip h th o n g s

cat

egg

cha ir

c lo ck

saw

horse

boo t

h u ll

to u r is t

up

com pu te r

b ird

o w l

phone

car

tra in

boy

b ike

Consonant sounds S O U N D B A N K


p plate

t ra n sp o r t t r ip

pp sh o p p in g app ly

b beans b i l l

p ro b ab ly crab

bb s tu b b o rn dubbed

c c o u r t s c r ip t

k k in d k ic k

ck t ra c k lu cky

ch e m is ty s ch o o l

s tom ach squ id

a ccoun t

g g o lf g r il le d

co lle ague fo rge t

gg aggress ive luggage

f fo o d r o o f

ph p h a rm a cy nephew

ff t r a f f ic a ffe c t io n a te

enough laugh

v van vegetab les

trave l in vest

p r iv a te be lieve

o f

t taste te n n is

s tad iu m s t r ic t

tt a ttra c t iv e co ttage

w o rke d passed

d d ire c to r a ffo rd

com edy co n f id e n t

dd add ress m id d le

fa ile d bo red

s steps lik e s

ss boss ass is tan t

c tw ic e c ity cyc le

(be fo re e, i,y)

sc ience scene

z la z y fre e z in g

s nose

loves co u s in s

sh sh o rt d ishw ashe r

se lf is h cash

ti (+ vowel)a m b it io u s e xp la na tio n

ci (+ vowel)sp ac iou s so c iab le

sugar su re

m a ch in e ch e f

d e c is io n c o n fu s io n u su a lly

o vo iced □ un vo iced


th th ro w th r i l le r

h ea lth y path

m a th teeth

th the that

w ith

fa r th e r toge the r

ch change cheat

tch w a tch m atch

t (+ ure) p ic tu re fu tu re

j jea lous just

g generous m anage r

dge b r id g e judge

I l im it sa la ry

u n t i l re liab le

II se ll re b e llio u s

r re su lt referee

e le m e n ta ry fr ie d

rr b o r ro w m a rr ie d

w r it te n w ro n g

w w a r w aste

w es te rn h ighw ay

wh w h is t le w h ic h

one once

y yet yea r

y o g u r t y o u rs e lf

be fo re u u n iv e rs ity argue

m m ean a rm

ro m a n t ic c h a rm in g

mm su m m e r sw im m in g

la m b

n neck honest

none ch im n e y

nn te n n is th in n e r

knee knew

ng c o o k in g go in g

s p r in g b r in g

be fo re g/kth in k tongue

h hand som e he lm et

behave in h e r it

u n h ap p y pe rhaps

w h o w hose

w ho le

Online Practice 167

pa rro t

bag

key

g ir l

flow er

vase

tie

dog

snake

zebra

show er

television

thum b

m o the r

chess

jazz

leg

r ig h t

w itch

yach t

m onkey

singer

nose

house

This page has intentionally been left blank.

AmericanENGLISH FILE

Workbook

Christina Latham-Koenig Clive Oxenden Jane H udson

Paul Seligson and Clive Oxenden are the original co-authors of English File 1 and English File 2

OXFORDU N I V E R S I T Y P R E S S

1

4 A Mood food

7 B Family life

10 PRACTICAL ENGLISH Meeting the parents

2

11 A Spend or save?

14 B Changing lives

3

17 A Race across Florida

20 B S tereo types-ora re they?

23 PRACTICAL ENGLISH A d ifficu lt celebrity

4

24 A Failure and success

27 B Modern manners?

5

30 A Sports superstitions

33 B Love a t Exit 19

36 PRACTICAL ENGLISH Old friends

69 LISTENING

S T U D Y L IN K ffiflTa-jia a S E L F -A S S E S S M E N T C D -R O M

Powerful listening and interactive assessment CD-ROM

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disc in the back of this Workbook. Load the disc in your computer.

Type your name and press “ENTER.”

Choose “AUDIO BANK."

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The tw o biggest best-sellers in any bookstore are the cookbooks and the diet books. The cookbooks te ll you how to prepare the food and the diet books te ll you how not to eat any o f it.

Andy Rooney, US humorist

1A Mood food

1 V O C A B U L A R Y food and cooking

a (^ h d e ) the w o rd th a t is d if fe re n t . E x p la in w hy.

1 (beams) g rapes peach ra sp b e rry

T h e o the rs a re a l l fruit2 b e e f p o rk la m b sa lm o n

T h e o the rs a re a l l ____________________________

3 beet cabbage pea r peppe r


4 eggp lan t lem o n m ango m e lon


5 c rab m usse ls b e e f s h r im p


6 cabbage ch e rry z u c c h in i cu cu m b e r


b C o m p le te th e c ro s sw o rd .

c C o m p le te th e sen ten ce s w ith th e w o rd s in th e b o x .

ea rn ed fre sh frozen low -fat raw sp icy take-ou t

1 Canned tom atoes u su a lly la s t fo r abou t tw o years

2 I d o n ’t fee l l ik e co o k in g . L e t 's g e t___________________

fo r d inne r.

3 A r e there a n y ___________________ peas in the freeze r?

4 I'm d o n ’t re a lly l i k e ___________________ fish , so I never

eat sush i.

5 H a n n a h ’s on a d ie t, so she b ou gh t s o m e ______________

y o g u rt to have fo r dessert.

6 T h e y eat a lo t o f ___________________ fo o d in M e x ic o .

7 W e b u y ___________________ bread f r o m the bake ry

every m o rn in g .

Clues acrossClues down

2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N vowel sounds

a W r it e th e w o rd s in th e ch a rt.

beef carton chicken chocolate cook crab soup jar mango peach raw salt sausage squid sugar tuna

3 G R A M M A R simple present / continuous, action and nonaction verbs

a A r e th e h ig h lig h te d p h ra se s r ig h t ( / ) o r w ro n g ( / ) ?

C o r r e c t th e w ro n g ph ra ses .

1 D o e s y o u r g ir lf r ie n d lik e sea food?

L is te n and ch e ck . T h e n l is te n a g a in and

re p e a t the w o rd s .

Pronouncing difficult wordsc W r it e th e w o rd s .

1 /bo ild / boiled2 /'ktebid3/

3 / 'spa is i/ ________

4 /roo st id /

5 /g re ips/ _________

6 /fru t/

7 /b e ik t/ ________

8 /'m elon/

9 / z u 'k in i/ _________

p u n s L is te n and ch e ck . T h e n lis te n a g a in and

re p e a t th e w o rd s .

2 L u c y ’s in the k itch en . She m akes a cu p o f co ffee .

She’s making______________________________________

3 A r e you e a ting ou t eve ry w eekend?

4 I d o n ’t k n o w w hat to c o o k fo r d in ne r. L H

5 A r e you t h in k in g the f is h is cooked now ?

6 W e ’re hav ing lu nch w ith m y parents every Sunday. L d

7 M y m o the r’s in the yard. She ’s m o w in g the law n . L d

8 I’m not w an tin g any potatoes w ith m y fish , thanks. EH

9 D o you p re fe r steam ed r ice to f r ie d r ic e ? L H

10 Jack ’s o n the phone. H e o rde rs som e p iz za s . L d

b C o m p le te th e sen ten ce s w ith th e s im p le p re se n t

o r c o n t in u o u s fo rm o f th e v e rb s in pa ren th eses .

1 O u r n e ig h b o rs grow a l l o f th e ir o w n vegetables,

(grow )

2 M y m o th e r____________u s u a lly ____________ o n the

w eekend, (no t cook)

3 D o you w an t to com e fo r lu n ch on Sunday?

W e ________________________ro a s t ch icken , (have)

4 W e ________________________to n ig h t because th e re ’s

a socce r gam e o n T V . (no t go out)

5 ____________yo u u s u a lly ____________ you r b irthday

w ith y o u r fa m ily ? (spend)

6 T h a t re s ta u ra n t___________ d e lic io u s m usse ls at

lu n ch t im e , (serve)

7 H o w o f te n ____________y o u ____________ in a ty p ic a l

w eek? (eat out)

8 I ________________________an a p p e tize r because I ’m

n o t hung ry , (not have)

9 W e ____________o f te n ____________ steak, (not buy)

10 M y b o y fr ie n d 's o n a d ie t so h e ______________________

o n fr ie d food , (cut dow n )

5

fish tree cat car

bootbullsawclock

b

4 R E A D IN G b R e a d th e a r t ic le ag a in . M a r k the se n ten ce s T (true) o r F (fa lse).

a R e a d th e a r t ic le o n ce a n d p u t th e h e a d in g s in

th e c o r r e c t p lace .

B H o w can I prevent serious illnesses?

C H o w .should 1 st ar t t he day?

D D o I rea lly need to eat five a day?

healthy eatingFood experts are always telling us what we should and shouldn't eat, but they often give us different advice. Our food writer, Teresa Gold, has taken a look at all the information to figure out what is fact and what is fiction. 5

1 A ty p ic a l A m e r ican breakfast every m o rn in g isn ’t good fo r you. X

2 T h e best b re a k fa s t is any ty p e o f cerea l. __

3 A n A m e r ic a n n u t r it io n is t c a re fu lly ca lcu la ted the am oun t

o f f r u it s and vegetab les w e sh o u ld eat.

4 W e shou ld eat m o re th an fiv e se rv ing s o f f ru its and

vegetables pe r day. __

5 A p p le s c o n ta in a lo t o f sugar. __

6 A l l app le s have the sam e am ou n t o f fiber.

7 Fa ts can be good fo r us. __

8 Y ou c a n eat as m u ch red m eat as you w a n t to. __

L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s and p h ra se s . W h a t d o y o u

t h in k th e y m ean ? U s e y o u r d ic t io n a r y to lo o k u p th e ir

m e a n in g and p ro n u n c ia t io n .

L IS T E N IN Gı c_______A typical American breakfast of fried eggs, bacon, toast, pancakes, and orange juice will certainly stop you from feeling hungry, but it's high in calories, which means that you'll gain weight if you eat it regularly. A healthier option is to have just an egg. Boil it instead of frying it, and eat it with a piece of toast made with whole-wheat bread. Breakfast cereals are very high in sugar, so if you feel like cereal, have granola - with no added sugar. You can also get your first vitamins of the day by drinking a glass of freshly squeezed orange juice.

2 ______________Fruits and vegetables contain the vitamins and minerals we need to stay healthy. But five is actually a fictional nurnberthought up by an American nutritionist. She looked at what the average person ate and doubled it. According to more recent research, the right number is actually eight. The research shows that people who have eight pieces of fruit and vegetables a day are much less likely to suffer from heart disease than those who eat three.

3 _____________This particular fruit has had some bad publicity because dentists say it can harm our teeth. While it's true that apples do contain a little sugar, they are also a source of fiber Nutritionists say that we need about 18 grams of fibera day, and a medium apple- peel included — contains about 3 grams. Some varieties contain more fiber than others, so you should choose carefully.

4 _____________The key to good health is a balanced diet that contains fats and carbohydrates as well as proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Fats may be high in calories, but they also contain vitamins. According to the World Cancer Research Fund, you should only have about 500 grams of red meat per week - a steak is about 100 grams. One type of food on its own won't kill or cure you, but eating the right amount of the right food will stop you from getting sick.

a L is te n to a r a d io c a l l- in p ro g ra m a b o u t th e a r t ic le

in e x e rc ise 4. C h e c k ( / ) th e ca lle r(s ) w h o c o m p le te ly agree

w it h it.

A K e v in L d C D e re k

B K a te □ D R o s ie □

b L is te n a g a in a n d a n sw e r th e q u e s t io n s .

W h ic h ca lle r...?

1 th in k s th a t som e f ru its and vegetab les are u n h e a lth y __

2 says th a t m o st c h ild re n p re fe r fa st fo o d __

3 eats v e ry l it t le f r u it __

4 is ve ry h ea lth y because he/she eats a lo t o f

f r u it s and vegetab les __

c L is t e n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 69.

U S E FU L W O R D S A N D P H R A S E S

L earn these w ords and phrases.

ca rbohyd ra te s /k a rb o o 'h a id re its /

p ro te in / 'p ro u t in /

aw ake /a'wexk/

o i ly /'o ili/

p o w e r fu l / 'p a o a rf l/

re laxed /n 'kekst/

s leepy / 's lip i/

s t re s s fu l / 'stresfl/

b e n e f ic ia l /b cn a 'f ijl/

ready-m ade fo o d /red i m e id 'fud/

6

The truth aboutc

IB Family life

Happy families are all alike; every unhappy familyis unhappy in its own way.

First line o f Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy, Russian writer

1 G R A M M A R future formsa C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e c o r r e c t fo rm o f th e v e rb s o r p h ra se s o n th e r ig h t .

1 M y b ro th e r hates h is job. H e’s going to look fo r a n ew one.

2 D o n 't w o r ry abou t the d r in k s .___________________________ fo r them .

3 ___________________________ som e m o re co ffee .

4 D o you t h in k ___________________________ be fo re y o u ’re 30?

5 ___________________________ to m y c o u s in ’s w ed d in g . W e 'l l be on vaca tion .

6 A A r e y o u ready to o rde r?

B Y e s ,___________________________ the steak.

7 ___________________________ 21 o n m y n e x t b irthday .

8 ___________________________ fo r d in n e r to n ig h t. Y ou pa id la st t im e.

9 I ’m g o in g to the m a l l .___________________________ long.

10 a pa rty fo r m y g randm o the r’s 80 th b irthday tom orrow .

he / look for (an in ten tio n )

I / pay (an o ffe r)

I / make (an offer)

you / get married (a pred iction)

we / not go (an arrangem ent)

I / have (an in s ta n t dec is ion )

I / be (a fact)

we / pay (an o ffe r)

I / not be (a p rom ise )

we / have (an arrangem ent)

b C o m p le te th e d ia lo g u e s w ith th e c o r r e c t fu tu re fo rm o f th e v e rb s in pa ren th eses .

1 A Are you going away this weekend? (go away)B No, we_________________ here. Why? (stay)A We_________________ a barbecue. Would you like to come? (have)

2 A I'm too tired to cook. I____________some Chinese take-out food tonight, (order)B Good idea. I____________the restaurant. What do you want for an appetizer? (call)A I____________the spring rolls, please, (have)

3 A What tim e___________ you____________ in the morning? (leave)B I_________________ the six o'clock train, (take)A I____________you a ride to the train station, (give)

4 A What___________ you____________ tonight? (do)B I______________________ the new James Bond movie. Do you want to come? (see)A No, thanks. I’ve already seen it. You____________it! (love)

5 A I____________you with the dishes, (help)B OK. I____________and you can dry. But please be careful with the glasses, (wash)A Don’t worry. I____________anything! (not break)

7

2 each other

R e w r it e the se n ten ce s w it h each other.

1 M y b ro th e r ’s sh o u t in g at m y s is te r and she ’s sh o u tin g at h im .

M y b ro th e r and s is te r are shouting at each other .2 R o b doesn 't k n o w A le x and A le x doesn ’ t k n o w R o b .

R o b and A le x _________________________________________________ .

3 I ’m no t sp e ak in g to m y s is te r and she is n ’t sp e a k in g to me.

M y s is te r and I ________________________________________________.

4 I d o n ’t u n de rs tand you and you d o n 't u n de rstand m e.

W e ___________________________________________________________ .

5 T h e coach re spects the p laye rs and they respect h im .

T h e co a ch and the p la y e rs____________________________________ .


a ff liE E I lE ft i L is te n and co m p le te th e sen ten ces.

1 When are y o u g o in g to book y o u r vacation ?2 I ’m _____________ go in g t o ______________ th e ______________yet.

3 I 'm g o in g t o ___________________________ .

4 _____________ are y o u ____________________________ ?

5 I ’m _____________ so m e ______________ .

6 I ’m ____________________________m y ______________ .

7 _____________ w i l l y o u ______________y o u r te s t______________?

8 1_____________ get th e m ____________________________ .

9 I ' l l _____________ th em o n ______________ .

b L is te n a g a in and repea t. C o p y th e r h y th m .

4 V O C A B U L A R Y family, adjectives of personalitya C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h a f a m ily w o rd .

1 Y o u r m o th e r and fa the r are y o u r parents ,

2 Y o u r g rand fa the r’s fa ther is you r gr_________ -g r__________________

3 A c h ild w h o has no b ro th e rs o r s is te rs is an on_____________

ch___________ .4 Y o u r b ro th e r ’s d augh te r is y o u r n _____________ .

5 Y o u r fa th e r ’s s is te r is y o u r a_____________ .

6 Y o u r spouse , c h ild re n , pa ren ts, and b ro th e rs and s is te rs

are y o u r im _____________ f ______________.

7 Y o u r fa th e r ’s new w ife is y o u r s_____________ .

8 Y o u r w ife 's o r h u sb and ’s fa th e r is y o u r

f _____________-i____ -I____________ 1 .

9 Y o u r aunts, u n c le s and c o u s in s are y o u r ex_____________

f___________ .10 Y o u r b ro th e r 's o r s is te r's son is y o u r n_____________ .

b M a tc h th e c o m m e n ts w ith th e p e r s o n a lit y

a d je c t iv e s in th e bo x .

aggressive ambitious independent jealous reliable se lf-confident selfish sensible -spotted stubborn

1 “ W h e n I w a n t so m e th in g , m y pa ren ts

a lw ays g ive it to m e.”

spoiled_________________

2 “ I d o n ’t l ik e m y b o y fr ie n d ta lk in g to

o th e r w om en .”

3 “ I’m a lw ays there w hen m y fr ie nd s need

m y he lp .”

4 “T h o se a re m y pens and you can ’ t

b o r ro w them .”

5 “ I'm g o in g to go to bed early so I can sleep

w e ll be fo re m y test tom orrow '.”

6 “ I’ l l h it y o u i f you d o tha t a g a in !”

7 “ I fee l v e ry c o m fo rta b le w h e n I ’m sp e ak in g

in p u b lic .”

8 “ I'd lik e to be the m anage r o f a b ig

m u lt in a t io n a l com pany.”

9 “T h a t ’s w h a t I t h in k and I’m n o t g o in g to

change m y m in d .”

10 “ I ’d p re fe r to do th is on m y o w n , th an k s .”

c W r it e th e o p p o s ite a d je c t ive s . U s e a

n e g a t iv e p r e f ix i f necessary .

1 generous cheap_____________

2 k in d ______________________

3 la zy

4 m a tu re ______________________

5 o rg a n ize d ______________________

6 sen s it ive ______________________

7 ta lka t iv e ______________________

8 c le an _____________________

8

5 R E A D IN G

a R e a d th e a r t ic le o n ce . W h y d o th e B e d o u in s p re fe r

to l iv e to g e th e r in a b ig f a m ily g ro u p ?

I Family can be an important part of a person's life, and for some nationalities being close to your family is more important than it is to others. For example, families in Southern Europe are generally very close,

although in the past they spent even more time together. This is also true of families in the Middle East. But it is the Bedouin people who have the closest ties of all.

Extreme fam ily ties

Traditional Bedouin families live in large tents about half the size o f a basketball court. The tents are divided into two sections: the f irs t is fo r receiving guests in true Bedouin style - they have the reputation o f being the world's most generous hosts. Visitors are always served a big meal as soon as they arrive. The second part o f the tent is the family's shared kitchen, living room, dining room, and bedroom. They don't have tables and chairs, as the whole family sits on the floor to eat. And instead o f beds, everybody sleeps on mattresses, which are piled into a corner o f the room during the day.

Several generations usually share the tent. The head o f the family is the mother, and she is the one who gives the orders.Her husband and her children live with her, even when the children are married and have the ir own children. The sons and sons-in-law look a fte r the animals, while the daughters and daughters-in- law clean the tent, cook the meals, and take care o f the younger grandchildren. The older ones are le ft to run around outside. There may often be as many as 30 people under the same roof.

The few young people who have le ft the family to live in the city visit their mothers nearly every day. It can be quite a surprise to see a shiny new Mercedes pull up outside one o f the tents and watch a well-dressed man get out to greet his relatives.

Bedouin people do not like to be separated from the ir families and there is a very good reason why. If they are poor, sick, old, or unemployed, it is the family that supports them. Elderly people are never le ft alone, and problems are always shared. Children who work in the city are often responsible fo r the ir families financially. In this way, Bedouin families aren't just close; they are a lifeline.

b R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in . C h o o s e th e c o r re c t a n sw e rs

a c c o rd in g to th e in fo rm a t io n g iven .

1 In the past, m o s t fa m ilie s in S o u th e rn E u ro p e and the

M id d le E a s t w e re ...

a sm a lle r. (b ) c loser. c r iche r.

2 T h e re is n ’t m u ch ... in a B e d o u in tent,

a fu rn itu re b lig h t c space

3 B e d o u in ... spend m o st o f the day in s ide ,

a m en b w om en c c h ild re n

4 Y o u n g B e d o u in s w h o liv e in the c it y . ..

a h a rd ly ever go hom e.

b d o n ’t e a rn m u ch m oney,

c d o n ’t lo se touch w ith th e ir fa m ilie s .

5 M e m b e rs o f a B e d o u in fa m ily h e lp each o th e r to . ..

a su rv iv e . b get a job. c choose c lo thes.

c L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s a n d p h ra se s . W h a t

d o y o u t h in k th e y m e an ? U s e y o u r d ic t io n a r y to lo o k

u p th e ir m e a n in g a n d p ro n u n c ia t io n .

6 L IS T E N IN G

a j g j g j g ) L is te n to a coup le , T e r ry an d Jane, ta lk in g

a b o u t g o in g to l iv e w it h th e in - la w s . W h a t d o th ey

d e c id e a t th e end o f th e c o n v e rs a t io n ?

b L is te n aga in an d m a rk the sen tences T (true) o r F (false).

1 T e r ry and Jane a re b o th v e ry t ired . X

2 T e rry is m ore o p t im is t ic about the fu tu re than jane. __

3 T e rry 's pa ren ts have suggested the fa m ily m ove

in w ith them .

4 T e rry says th a t i f they a l l liv e d together, h is

pa ren ts w o u ld babysit. __

5 Jane th in k s th a t the new p lan w o u ld m ean less

ho u sew o rk fo r her. __

6 Jane w o rr ie s tha t the g rand pa ren ts w o u ld s p o il

the ch ild re n .

c L is te n ag a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 69 .


L e a rn th ese w ords and p hrases.

b o a rd in g sch oo l s ic k /sik/

/ 'bordrp sku l/ va lue /'vselyu/

c h ild h o o d t ja ik lh o d f ig h t /fa it/

gang lgsay aw are o f /a'wer av/

g a th e r in g /'gtedarit)/ n o w o n d e r /noo 'wAndar/

r iv a lr y / 'ra iv a lr i/

932^33) FILE 1

9

Practical English Meeting the parents

1 R E A C T IN G TO W H A T PEOPLE S A Y 3 R E A D IN G

C o m p le te th e d ia lo g u e s .

1 Ben Oh, 1 no ! I don’t 2 b_________ it!Charlotte What’s wrong!Ben I didn’t te ll my mom th a t you don’t eat meat.Charlotte You’re 3 k_________ !Ben No, I’m not. N ever4 m_________it ’ll te ll

her now.

Mom! Charlotte ’s a vegetarian.Mom 5 R_________ ?Charlotte Yes, but it isn’t a problem.Mom What a 6 p_________ ! I made a meat

lasagna. But there's p lenty o f salad. Charlotte That's fine. Thanks, Mrs. Lord.

2 Steve We have something to te ll you. Wefound a house th a t we like.

Jill 7 H__________fantastic !Steve And it isn't too expensive.Jill That’s g re a t3 n_________ I Could I see it

some time?Steve 9W_________ a great idea! I’ll call and

make an appointm ent.

2 S O C IA L E N G LIS H

C o m p le te the d ia lo g u e s w ith th e p h ra se s in the box .

a-really-niee-guy Go ahead How do you see I mean How incredible Not really That’s because things like that

1 A What did you th ink o f my dad?B He's a really nice guy .

2 A _______________your future?B I th ink we’ll be very happy together.

3 A I hear you speak Spanish. Are you bilingual?B _______________ . But I can speak it well.

4 A I’m sorry. I’m not very hungry.B _______________you a te too much fo r lunch!

5 A You know, I th ink we went to the same school.B ________________ !

6 A Can I have another piece o f chicken, please?B ______________ . There’s more in the kitchen.

7 A What kind o f books do you read?B Biographies, h istory books,_______________ .

8 A You wouldn't want to go to the concert w ith us.B Yes, I would!_______________ , I love classical music.

a R e a d th e te x t an d a n sw e r th e q u e s t io n s .

In w h ic h p lace ...?

1 can you see a ce leb r ity Cafe Carlyle2 do m usic ian s com e to hear other

m usic ians p e rfo rm _________________

3 can you hear in te rn a tiona l styles o f ja zz _________________

4 can you see w h a t ’s h appen ing o n lin e _________________

5 shou ld you buy a ticke t be fo re you go _________________

6 does the m u s ic f in is h very late _________________

New York is famous for its jazz, and for music fans no trip to the city is complete without a visit to one of the many jazz venues. Here are four of the many places you can go to hear jazz being performed.

Ja z z in New ycrk

BarbesBarbes is a bar and performance venue in the Park Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn. Come here to listen to musical styles from all over the world, such as Mexican, Lebanese, Romanian, and Venezuelan along with traditional American styles. Usually $10 to get in.

55 BarLocated in Greenwich Village, this small club, which started in 1919, has a very interesting history. Cometo hear jazz guitarists play, and expect to see lots of serious jazz fans and music students from local colleges and music schools. Usually $10-20.

SmallsThis club was created in 1994, but has already become very famous in New York because well-known players such as Norah Jones began their careers here. The club closed in 2002, but opened again in 2004, with a more comfortable room and a website that features live streaming video o f all performances. It opens from 4 p.m. to 4 a.m. $20 to get in.

Cafe CarlyleCome to the first floor ofthe famous Carlyle Hotel to visit the Cafe Carlyle. It’s particularly worth going on Monday nights - not only will you hear jazz from the Eddy Davis New Orleans Jazz Band, but you will also hear the famous movie director Woody Allen play with them. As well as being a director, Woody Allen is also a jazz musician. Sets at 8:45. The venue holds only 90 and is often sold out, so it’s a good idea to book ahead. But it isn't cheap - tickets start at $100.

b U n d e r lin e f iv e w o rd s o r p h ra se s y o u d o n ’t kn o w . U se y o u r

d ic t io n a ry to lo o k u p th e ir m e a n in g and p ro n u n c ia t io n .

1 V O C A B U L A R Y money

a C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e c o r r e c t v e rb

in pa ren th eses .

1 M y s is te r wastes a lo t o f m oney on c lo thes she

never wears, (wastes / saves)

2 I c a n 't___________________ to b u y a house o f m y ow n.

(pay / a ffo rd )

3 Y o u ’ l l have t o ___________________a lo t o f m oney i f you

w an t to trave l a roun d the w o r ld n ex t year, (cost / save)

4 K e v in ___________________ about $ 2 ,5 0 0 a m o n th at h is

new job. (w in s / earns)

5 T h a t p a in t in g ___________________ a lo t o f money.

(charges / is w orth )

6 M y uncle is d o in g a b ike r id e t o ___________________

m oney fo r cha rity , (raise / save)

7 W e s t i l l___________________ the b a n k a lo t o f money.

(owe / earn)

8 M a r y ___________________$ 5 ,0 0 0 fro m he r g rand fa the r

w hen he d ied, ( inhe rited / invested)

9 T h e p lu m b e r___________________ m e $ 2 5 0 to f ix m y

shower, (cost / charged)

10 C a n y o u ___________________m e $ 2 0 0 u n t i l I get pa id?

(b o rro w / lend)

b C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e c o r r e c t p re p o s it io n .

1 I’l l pay fo r the m ov ie t icke ts i f you get the snacks!

2 T h e y charged us $ 5 ______________ a bo tt le o f water.

3 T h e y g o t______________ debt w hen they bough t th e ir

new house.

4 W e bo rrow ed som e m o n e y ______________m y parents.

5 M y g randpa ren ts a lw ays p a y ______________ cash.

6 I don 't m in d le nd in g m o n e y ______________ fam ily .

7 T h e y spen t a lo t o f m o n e y______________ th e ir son's

education .

8 C a n I p a y ______________ c re d it ca rd?

9 P h i l in vested a l l h is m o n e y ______________ h is

o w n com pany.

C o m p le te th e a d v e r t is e m e n t w ith th e w o rd s in th e bo x .

ATM ben k-aeeo tm f bills coin loan mortgage salary taxes

W hafs so good aboutCASH Internet Banking picOUR ACCOUNT SERVICESOpen a 1 b a n k a c c o u n t with us and we'll give you a free g ift - you'll get a tablet com puter if you earn over $3,000 a month. Consult our onlineservice 24/7 and use your card in th e 2____________of any bank to take out as much or as little money as you want. Do you have a lot o f change? Use our free3____________counter and deposit the total directlyinto your savings account. Does your company payy o u r4____________directly into the bank? Then wew on 't charge you anything fo r your card. We’ll even pay all y o u r5____________ for you, free o f charge.

OUR FINANCING SERVICESDo you need to borrow money for a car, a vacation,or a new laptop? We'll give you a 6____________ ofup to $10,000 fo r whatever you want to buy.

And how about a new house? We can give you a7____________at one o f the lowest interest rateson the market.

OUR EXTRA SERVICESHow much do you pay in 8____________? Talk toour specialists to make sure you're paying the right amount - they can help you pay less.

Come to CASH Internet for the best accounts, the best services, and the best savings.

11

2A Spend or save?

When a man te l ls you he g o t rich th rough hard w ork, ask him: Whose?

Don Marquis, US Writer

2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N the letter o 4 R E A D IN G

a (C irc le ) th e w o rd w ith a d if fe re n t sound .

1 A

up

2

i

clock

3 ( J Q S

phone horse bird

money honest done afford worknothing shopping owe worse world(soldj) dollar go store shortwon clothes loan mortgage w orth

b L is te n and ch e ck . T h e n lis te n a g a in and repea t

th e w o rd s .

3 G R A M M A R present perfect and simple past

a (^Trcle) th e c o r re c t answ er.

1 \(haye neverowedj)/ never owed any m oney to the b a n k in m y life.

2 T h e y have charged / charged us to o m uch fo r o u r m ea l la st n ight.

3 I k n o w som e great cheap p laces to stay in Seou l. I've been / 1 went there a few tim es .

4 Pau l hasn’t inherited / didn’t inherit a n y th in g f ro m h is

g ra n d m o th e r w hen she d ied.

5 You’ve lent I you lent h im m oney so m any tim es , bu t he never

pays you back!

6 H o w m u ch has your TV cost / did your TV cost?7 H o w m a n y t im e s have you wasted / did you waste m oney on

c lo th es you never w ear?

8 I haven’t had / didn’t have any co in s , so I co u ld n 't pu t any m oney

in the p a rk in g m eter.

9 Have you ever invested / Didyou ever invest any m oney in a com pany?

10 M y g ir l f r ie n d has a h ig h -p a y in g job . She has earned / earned$ 8 5 ,0 0 0 la s t year.

b C o m p le te th e d ia lo g u e s w it h th e c o r r e c t fo rm o f th e v e rb s in

p a ren th eses .

1 A When did your son buy his car? (buy!B When he___________ his driving te s t last month, (pass)

2 A How much m oney_________ yo u_________ from your sisteryesterday? (borrow)

B About $100, but I already__________________ it all. (spend)

3 A _________ you_________ a new house yet? (find)B Yes, and the bank__________________ to give me a mortgage.

(agree)

4 A _________ you ever_________ any money to a friend? (lend)B Only to my boyfriend when h e _________ a new phone, (need)

5 A _________ your m other_________ an appointm ent w ith thedoctor yet? (make)

B Yes, she_________ him yesterday and she’s seeing himtomorrow, (call)

a R e a d the f ir s t ch a p te r o f a b o o k ab o u t D a n ie l

S u e lo once . W h e re d id he d e c id e to liv e ?

1 w ith fr ie n d s L II 3 in the c o u n try

2 w ith fa m ily L H 4 in a c ity

The man who quit moneyIn the firs t year o f the tw enty-first

century, a man standing by a busy road in the middle o f the United States took his life savings out o f his pocket - $30 - laid it inside a phone booth, and walked away.He was 39 years old, came from a good family, and had been to college. He was not mentally ill, nor did he have any problems w ith drugs or alcohol. The decision was made by a man who knew exactly what he was doing.

In the twelve years since then, as the stock market has risen and fallen, Daniel Suelo has not earned, received, or spent a single dollar. In an era when anyone who could sign his name could get a mortgage, Suelo did not apply fo r loans. As public debt rose to eight, ten, and finally th irteen trillion dollars, he did not pay taxes, or accept any type of help from the government.

Instead he went to live in a cave in Utah, where he picks fru it and wild onions, collects animals tha t have been killed on the road, takes old food tha t has gone past its sell-by date out o f trash cans, and is often fed by friends and strangers. “My philosophy is to use only what is freely given or d isca rdedhe writes. While the rest o f us try to deal w ith taxes, mortgages, retirement plans, and bank accounts, Suelo no longer even has an ID card.

Daniel is not a typical tramp. He often works - but refuses to be paid. Although he lives in a cave, he is extremely social, remains close to friends and family, and has discussions w ith strangers on his website which he checks a t the local library.He has ridden his bike long distances, traveled on fre igh t trains, hitchhiked through nearly every state in the United States, worked on a fishing boat, collected mussels from Pacific beaches, caught salmon in streams in Alaska, and spent three months living in a tree a fte r a storm.

“ I know it ’s possible to live w ith zero money” Suelo declares. And he says you can live well.

12

b R e a d th e ch a p te r a g a in and ch o o se th e c o r re c t an sw e rs .

1 W h a t do w e le a rn abou t the m an in the f ir s t

p a rag raph?

a H e had ju s t le ft schoo l.

(b) H e had th ou gh t abou t h is a c t io n s ca re fu lly ,

c H e had had a d i f f ic u lt c h ild h o o d .

2 W h a t has D a n ie l S u e lo done s in ce he changed h is life ?

a H e has go tten in to debt.

b H e has b ou gh t a house,

c H e h a sn ’t used any m oney.

3 H o w does he get enough to eat?

a H e f in d s food .

b H is fa m ily c o o k s fo r h im .

c H e bu ys food .

4 W h a t 's D a n ie l S u e lo lik e ?

a H e 's shy.

b H e 's lazy,

c H e 's ou tgo ing .

5 H o w does he get f ro m one p lace to ano the r?

a H e r id e s h is b ik e eve ryw here .

b H e uses d if fe re n t m e thod s o f t ra n sp o rta t io n ,

c H e a lw ays uses t ra in s .

c L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s and p h ra se s . W h a t do

y o u t h in k th e y m e an ? U se y o u r d ic t io n a r y to lo o k up

th e ir m e a n in g and p ro n u n c ia t io n .

d C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h o n e o f th e h ig h lig h te d

w o rd s o r p h ra ses .

1 C le a n fre sh w a te r o ften com es f ro m m o u n ta in

streams .2 It’s im p o rta n t to have a ________________________ fo r

w hen you get old.

3 T h e g ian t f is h scu lp tu re s in R io w ere m ade u s in g

p la s t ic bo ttle s.

4 T h e early n in e teen th ce n tu ry w as an im p o rta n t

fo r opera.

5 H e has shares in som e com pan ies , so he ’s in terested in

w ha t happens on th e ________________________ .

6 Y ou m ig h t get s ic k i f you eat fo o d a fte r i t s ____________-

5 L IS T E N IN G

a j H g p L is te n to fo u r sp e a k e rs t a lk in g ab o u t

h o w th ey m a n a g e o n th e ir in c o m e s . M a t c h the

sp e a k e rs w it h th e ir s itu a t io n .

Speake r 1 _d_Speake r 2 __

Speake r 3 __

Speake r 4 _

a a s in g le pa ren t

b a fa m ily w ith c h ild re n

c a s in g le re t ire d p e rso n on a pen s io n

d a y o u n g pe rson w ho liv e s w ith

h is / he r pa ren ts

b L is te n a g a in and m a rk th e sen ten ces T (true) o r F (false).

Speaker 11 H e doe sn ’t e a rn m u ch m oney. F_2 H e saves m o s t o f h is sa lary . __

Speaker 23 She do e sn ’t o w n the house w here she lives.

4 She th in k s m oney is m o re im p o rta n t th an fam ily . __

Speaker 35 H e ca n ’t liv e o n h is in com e . __

6 H e is n ’t in debt. __

Speaker 47 She o n ly w o rk s in a s to re on the w eekends. __

8 She spends m o st o f her m oney o n he r c h ild re n . __

c L is te n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 69.



backer /'b iekar/

b i l l io n a ir e / 'b ilyansr/

b rand /briend/

cu s to m e r /'kAstam sr/

e n tre p re n e u ria l /an trap ra 'na ria l/

lo w -p a y in g / lo o 'perynj/

re je c t io n /r i'd 3ekjh /

sa le sm an / 'se ilzm an/

se lf-m ade /ss lf 'm e id /

w ea lth y /'welO i/

13

O n ly I can chang e m y life . No o ne e ls e can do it fo r me.

Carol Burnett, US actress & comedian

2B Changing lives

1 G R A M M A R present perfect simple + fo r / since ; present perfect continuous

a W r it e th e w o rd s an d p h ra se s in th e b o x in

th e c o r r e c t c o lu m n .

-2095- a long time a week March six months I was litt le the last tw o days Tuesday years and years you las t called

fo r s in ce

2005

b C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e p re sen t

p e r fe c t fo rm o f th e v e rb in p a re n th e se s and

f o r o r since.

1 Ive had m y ca r fo r about a m onth ,

(have)

2 M y m o m ___________________ s ic k __________

last F riday, (be)

3 W e ___________________ each o the r

__________w e w ere in schoo l, (know )

4 H e ___________________ fo r the same

co m p a n y ______________ five years, (work)

5 T h e y __________________ in M ia m i

__________ they got m anned, (live)

6 M y p a re n ts___________________ away

__________ fo r th ree days, (be)

7 I___________________ to go to A u s tra lia

__________a lo ng tim e , (want)

8 S h e ___________________to me

__________la st year, (not speak)

c C o m p le te the d ia lo g u e s w ith the p re sen t p e r fe c t c o n t in u o u s fo rm

o f th e verbs.

1 A Have you heard Heather’s new band? B No. Have they been playing

together fo r a long time? (they / play)

2 A How long was your flight?B Twelve hours.______________________

all day. (we / travel)

3 A My brother has a very good job in New York City.B Really? How long____________________

____________________ there? (he / work)

4 A Diana finally found a new apartment!B Oh good!___________________________

one fo r so long! (she / look for)

5 A Why does Eric's teacher want to see you?B ____________________________________

his homework lately, (he / not do)

6 A You’re late.B Yes, I know. Sorry.__________________

_______________ long? (you / wait)

7 A You look exhausted.B ______________________________________

the kids all day! (I / take care of)

1 H o w lo ng have you lived / haveyou been living ab road? /

2 I ’ve studied j(fy eb een studying) C h in e s e fo r tw o years.

3 H a n n a h has had / has been having the sam e b o y fr ie n d s in ce she w as

in schoo l.

4 H o w lo ng has Mark played / has Mark been playing the bass gu ita r?

5 He’s worked / He’s been working at th is schoo l s ince he started teach ing.

6 I ’ve known / I ’ve been knowing y o u fo r years.

7 We’ve gone / We've been going to the sam e den tis t s ince w e w ere k ids.

8 You’ve worn / You've been wearing th a t coa t fo r years!

14

(C irc le ) the c o r re c t fo rm . I f b o th fo rm s are poss ib le , ch e ck ( / ) th e sentence.

2 PR O N U N C IA TIO N sentence stress

a

b

3

a

b

c

d

f f lI E f i lSSl. L is te n and c o m p le te the sentences.

1 I ’ve been traveling a l l day .2 H o w ______________ have they been go in g

______________ toge ther?

3 She ’s been______________ s ick s in ce______________

4 T h e y ______________ b e e n _______________ here

fo r long.

5 W e 've b e e n ______________ the house

a l l ______________ .

6 1______________ b e e n _______________w e ll lately.

L is te n a g a in an d re pea t th e sen ten ces. C o p y

th e r h y th m .

R E A D IN G

R ea d the a r t ic le on ce and m a tch p h o to s 1 -3 w ith

p a ra g ra p h s A - C .

R e a d th e a r t ic le ag a in . A n s w e r th e q u e s t io n s

w it h th e le tte rs A , B , o r C .

W h ic h o rg a n iz a t io n . ..?

1 takes peop le fo r tw o w eeks o r a m o n th _B_2 encou rages s ig h tse e in g _

3 o ffe rs a c co m m o d a t io n s in tents

4 says w h a t vo lu n te e rs sh o u ld b r in g __

5 g ives vo lu n te e rs free a fte rn o o n s _

6 le ts vo lu n te e rs stay w ith o the rs in a hu t __

7 a rranges a c com m od a t io n s w ith lo c a l peop le _

8 o n ly needs vo lun tee rs fo r p a r t o f the yea r __

L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s and ph ra ses .

W h a t d o y o u t h in k th ey m e an ? C h e c k w ith

y o u r d ic t io n a ry .

C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h o n e o f the

h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s o r p h ra ses .

1 M y lit t le n iece o n ly w a n ts to p lay on the

_______swing_______ w h e n w e go to the park.

2 I fy o u a ll___________________________________________________ , w e 'll be ab le to buy o u r

co lle ague a n ice go ing -aw ay p resent.

3 I’d ra th e r see a n im a ls i n ____________________

than in a zoo.

4 T h e s ch o o l is o rg a n iz in g an a fte r-s ch o o l c lub

f o r ____________________ c h ild re n in the area.

5 T h e peop le w a it in g fo r the buses w ere s ta n d in g

unde rnea th th e ____________________because it

w as ra in in g .

6 W e ’re m o v in g to a new house th is weekend. C a n

you com e a n d __________________________________

____________________ w ith the p a ck ing ?

Do you want to bea volunteer?

A T h e B ook BusDo you enjoy reading? Do you like children? Then why not volunteer fo r our mobile library service in Zambia? We work with underprivileged children in public elementary schools, and it's a lot o f fun. We read stories, do art projects, and organize activities to help the children learn English. A fter breakfast at 7 a.m., we head to our f irs t school in time fo r the beginning o f the school day. Every morning we visit a t least four schools, and we spend about an hour in each one. We get back to our campsite at around 2 p.m. fo r lunch, and after tha t you have the afternoon free to relax or prepare activities. The project takes place from May to September, and it’s open to everyone. Volunteers have to pay fo r the ir own flight and make a contribution to the project.

B T h e G re a t O ra n g u ta n P ro je c tAre you an animal lover? If you are, then you should come to Kubah National Park in Borneo. We need people to help us take care o f our orangutans. Unfortunately, you won't be able to touch the animals because they are being prepared to be released into the wild, but you’ll work very close to them. You'll spend your time in the Wildlife Center repairing the shelters where the orangutans live, or building new ones. You might have to make a swing, or install some ropes where the animals can play. You’ll share a room in a wooden hut tha t looks out onto the rainforest. The program lasts fo r two or four weeks and i t costs $1,935 or $2,820 respectively, excluding flights.

C C o n s tru c tio n in PeruAre you good a t making things? If you are, and you’d like to take part in a construction project, how about corning to Peru to lend a hand? You’ll be based in Cuzco in southeastern Peru, and you'll be involved in the construction o f a small school, and a community center or an orphanage. You may have to paint and make repairs to existing buildings, or build new ones in and around the city. You’ll live w ith a Peruvian family, and you'll eat all your meals together in the ir house. All o f the houses have electricity and running water, but you'll have to go to an Internet cafe in Cuzco if you want to go online. You are expected to work from Monday to Friday, and on the weekends you can explore some o f the fantastic sights in the region. Please bring your own work clothes.

4 V O C A B U L A R Y strong adjectives

a C o m p le te th e ad je c t iv e fo r e ach p ic tu re .

1 S h e ’s ab so lu te ly

f reezing.

3 T h e y ’re re a lly

e___________________ .

b C o m p le te the sen tences w ith a s t ro n g ad jective .

1 A Are you sure the meeting is today?B Yes, I'm absolutely p o s it iv e .

2 A Is your boyfriend’s apartm ent small?B Yes, it's really___________ .

3 A Were your parents angry about your tes t scores?B Yes, they w ere___________ .

4 A Is your sister afraid of insects?B Yes, she’s absolu te ly___________ o f them.

5 A Were you surprised when you passed yourdriving test?

B Yes, I was rea lly___________ .

6 A Were the kids hungry when they arrived?B Yes, they were abso lu te ly__________ .

b L is te n a g a in a n d a n sw e r th e q u e s t io n s .

1 W h a t d id J.D . L e w is use to do?

H e used to be a n a c to r .

2 H o w o ld a re the ch ild re n ?

3 H o w m u ch is the t r ip g o in g to cost?

4 W h a t ’s the n am e o f h is o rg a n iza t io n ?

5 W h a t d id they do in T h a ila n d ?

6 H o w d id they he lp the c h ild re n in R w anda?

7 W h o d id they he lp in K enya?

8 W h a t does J. D . L e w is hope h is o rg a n iz a t io n w i l l do

in the fu tu re ?


USEFUL W O RDS A N D PH R A SES

L e a rn th ese w ords and phrases.

b lis te rs / 'b lis ta rz /

c h a r ity AJ'terati/

k ayak /'ka itek/

ache /e ik/

ta rget / 'ta rga t/

m e lt /melt/

padd le /'predl/

r is k y / 'r is k i/

go fo rw a rd /goo 'forward/

sp o n so r p ro je c ts / 'sponsor 'p ra d 3sk ts /

G j£ l0 FILE 2

16

2 It ’s d___________________ !

4 H e ’s h___________________ .

5 It ’s ab so lu te ly

en___________________ .6 T h e y ’re

f ___________________.

5 L IS T E N IN G

a L is te n to a n e w s s to ry a b o u t a n A m e r ic a n

fa m ily w h o is t r a v e lin g a ro u n d th e w o r ld d o in g

v o lu n te e r w o rk . C h e c k ( / ) th e p la ce s th e y have

a lre a d y v is ite d .

1 A u s t ra lia [ZJ

2 A n ta r c t ic a L d

3 C h in a

4 H a it i

5 In d ia

6 K en ya

7 Pa raguay LU

8 Pe ru

9 R u ss ia

10 R w a n d a

11 T h a ila n d [

12 Z a n z ib a r L d

1 V O C A B U L A R Y transportation

a C o m p le te th e c ro s sw o rd .

b C o m p le te th e c o m p o u n d n o u n s w it h one w o rd .

1 D o n ’t fo rget to pu t y o u r seat b e lt on.

2 Y o u ’ l l get a ______________ ticke t i f you leave y o u r ca r there.

3 S o r ry w e 're late. W e w ere s tuck in a ______________ jam

dow n tow n .

4 W e go t he ld up by th e ______________ w o rk o n the freeway.

5 I w ish b ike r id e rs w o u ld use th e ______________ lane instead

o f the s idew a lk .

6 W e need to f i l l up at th e ______________ sta tio n before

w e leave.

7 T ra f f ic is a lw ays w orse d u r in g ______________ hour.

8 T h e re aren 't any cabs w a it in g a t th e ______________ stand.

9 S lo w dow n ! T h e re a re ______________ cam eras o n th is road.

10 W e s topped a t t h e ______________ lig h t and w a ite d fo r it to

tu rn green.

2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N /J/, d3/, and/tj/

a ( C ir c le ) th e w o rd w it h a d if fe re n t so u n d .

1 f t *

if- 2 J 3 1

'd fcjazz shower jazz chess

dangerous crash check-in chem istrybridge seat belt passenger catch(rush) sta tion tra ffic jam departure

L is te n a n d ch e ck . T h e n l is te n ag a in

a n d re p e a t th e w o rd s .

17

Clues across1 It’s a la rge veh ic le th a t c a rr ie s passengers and stops

re g u la r ly to le t th em o n and o ff.

3 It’s w he re you w a it fo r a t r a in at a t ra in sta tion .

6 It’s a fast road w here t r a f f ic can trave l lo ng d istances

be tw een la rge to w n s o r c ities .

8 It’s b igge r th an a ca r b u t sm a lle r th an a tru ck .

9 It’s a typ e o f ra ilw a y system th a t tra ve ls u n d e r the g round .

Clues down2 It ’s a lik e a m o to rcy c le bu t less p o w e rfu l.

4 It ’s a ty p e o f sm a ll t ra in tha t m oves b y e le c tr ic ity a long

sp e c ia l ra ils .

5 It's v e ry lo n g and used fo r t ra n sp o r t in g peop le o r

th in g s b y ra il.

7 It’s used fo r tra n sp o r t in g large quan titie s o f th in g s b y road.

3A Race across Florida

A good tra ve le r has no fixed plans.

Lao Tzu, Taoist Philosopher

3 G R A M M A R comparatives and superlatives

a Com plete the sentences with one word.

1 G a s is n 't as e xpens ive in the U S as it is in the U K .

2 M y fa th e r d r iv e s m o re s lo w ly _____________ m y m other.

3 T h e y sa id tha t today w a s _____________ ho ttes t day o f the year.

4 L e t 's go b y t ra in . I t ’s _____________ co m fo rta b le th an th e bus.

5 T h is is t h e _____________ f l ig h t I’ve ever been on . I ’ l l never f ly w ith

th is a ir l in e aga in .

6 I t h in k t ra in s a r e _____________ dange rou s th a n cars. T h e re are

few er acc idents.

7 It ’s _____________ to go by subw ay th an by bus. Buses are m u ch slow er.

8 T h e 4 0 5 is t h e _____________ cro w d ed freew ay in C a lifo rn ia .

9 You 're at the Shera ton? W e 're stav ing a t the same h o te l_____________ you.

10 W h y d o n ’t w e r id e o u r b ike s? It’s t h e _____________ expens ive w ay

to trave l.

b W r it e sen ten ces w ith th e in fo rm a t io n f r o m th e su rvey . U s e the

co m p a ra t iv e o r th e supe r la t ive .

W here to go?We reveal the results from our reader survey o f three popular vacation destinations.

Cancun(Mexico)

Beijing(China)

Sydney(Australia)

It's cheap.

It’s crowded.

It’s easy to get to.

It’s exciting.

It's hot.

It's relaxing.

1 C a n c u n / cheap / B e ij in g

Cancun is cheaper than Beijing.____________

2 B e ij in g / c ro w d ed / o f the th ree d e s t in a t io n s

c R e w r ite the c o m p a ra t iv e sen ten ces in b

u s in g (not) a s ... as.

1 expensive (sentence 1)

Cancun isn’t as expensive as Beijing.2 difficu lt (sentence 3)

3 exciting (sentence 4)

4 cold (sentence 5)

—

4 P R O N U N C IA T IO N linking

a L is te n an d c o m p le te the

sen ten ces.

1 T h e most relaxing w ay to

tra ve l is b y tra in .

2 T h e seven h o u rs in the a irp o r t w as

th e _____________________________ p a rt

o f the vaca tion .

3 T h e _____________________________

p lace to v is it is the m useum .

4 F ly in g is a lo t ______________

______________ th an g o in g b y bus.

5 T h e y sh ou ld have the p a rty a t th e ir

house. I t ’s m u ch b ig g e r______________

6 S co o te rs a re n 't______________

m o to rcyc le s .

b L is t e n a g a in an d re p e a t th e sen ten ces.

L is t e n c a re fu l ly to th e l in k e d w o rd s .

C o p y th e r h y th m .

3 B e ij in g / easy to get to / Sydney

4 S ydney / e x c it in g / C a n cu n

5 S ydney / h o t / B e ij in g

6 S ydney / re la x in g / o f the th ree d e s t in a t io n s

18

5 R E A D IN G

a R e a d th e a r t ic le o n ce . W h ic h is th e o ld e s t fo rm

o f t r a n s p o r ta t io n ?

Unusual ways of getting aroundBam boo trainsThis is the best way to see rural Cambodia. A bamboo train, or nori

as the locals call it, is a bamboo platform on wheels that travels along tracks. It's powered by an engine, and it can reach a speed of 25 miles per hour. Passengers sit on a grass mat on the nori. Noris may not be as comfortable as conventional trains, butthey're certainly a lot cheaper. Pick up a nori from Battambang Station, but rememberto agree on a price before you get on.

Totora reed boatsThese boats have been around for centuries. They are made from the reeds that grow on the banks o f Lake Titicaca, one of the largest lakes in South America.As well as making boats from totora reeds, the local people use them to make their houses, which they build on floating islands. Totora reed boats are still used for hunting and fishing, but today some of the local people transport people across the lake in them. Traveling on a reed boat among the floating islands ofthe lake is a must for visitors to Peru.

JeepneyA jeepney is the most common form of public transportation in the Philippines. They are made out o f the jeeps left on the islands by the American army at the end of World War II. People gave the jeeps a roof, put in two long seats on either side and painted them, turning them into small buses. Jeepneys have open windows instead of air conditioning. They're often packed with passengers and there are no bus stops-the driverjust slows down to let the passengers jump on and off.

Dog sledsDog sledding is a unique experience because it's something you can't do in many other parts ofthe world. It was once the only wayto get around in the snow o f Alaska, but now its use is limited to winter sports and tourism. The best time to try it is from January to March - in the summerthere isn't enough snow, so the dogs pull sleds on wheels. The ride can be a little bumpy because the sled sometimes goes over stones and the dogs bark a lot. All the same, it's an opportunity not to be missed.

b R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in . M a r k th e se n ten ce s T (true)

o r F (fa lse).

1 N o r is are a good w ay to see C a m b o d ia n c ities . _F

2 T h e tra in fare is no t a lw ays the same. __

3 To to ra reed boats are m ade fro m sp e c ia l p lan ts. __

4 Today the boa ts a re o n ly used to c a r ry to u r is ts .

5 Jeepneys are used by the m ilita ry to tran spo rt so ld iers. __

6 T h e re are u su a lly a lo t o f peop le in jeepneys. __

7 M o s t peop le in A la s k a do n 't tra ve l by dog

sled anym ore. __

8 D o g sleds are a ve ry re la x in g w ay to trave l. __

c L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s a n d p h ra se s . W h a t do

y o u t h in k th e y m e a n ? U se y o u r d ic t io n a r y to lo o k up

th e ir m e a n in g a n d p ro n u n c ia t io n .

6 L IS T E N IN G

a L is te n to th e e xpe r ie n ce s o f f iv e sp eake rs w h o

w e re d o in g d a n g e ro u s th in g s w h ile th ey w e re d r iv in g .

M a t c h th e sp e ake rs w it h th e th in g s th e y w e re d o in g .

Speaker 1 E.Speaker 2 __

Speaker 3 __

Speaker 4 __

Speaker 5 __

A P u t t in g o n m akeup

B L is te n in g to h is /he r favo rite m us ic

C W r it in g a text message

D S e tt in g o r ad ju st ing a G PS

E T a lk in g on a ce ll phone

b L is te n a g a in and a n sw e r th e q u e s t io n s .

1 W h a t d id Speaker 1 's ca r crash in to ? A v a n ___________

2 H o w fa r h ad Speake r 2 d r iv e n past D e n ve r be fo re she

re a liz e d her m is ta k e ? __________________________________

3 W h e re d id Speake r 3 end u p ? ___________________________

4 W h o d id Speaker 4 a lm ost h it ? _________________________

5 W h a t c o lo r w as the t ra ff ic lig h t w hen the acc ident

happened to Speake r 5 ? ________________________________




ad just (G P S ) /a'd3ASt/

re a ch /ritJ7

be ahead o f /b i a 'h sd av/

c ra sh ( in to) /kraeJV

get s tu ck ( in a t r a f f ic jam ) /get 'stnk/

get w orse /gst 'wars/

tu rn red /tarn 'red/

tu rn a ro u n d /ta rn a 'raond/

do y o u r h a ir /du yar her/

pu t o n m akeup /p o t an 'meik/\p/

19

Men w ant to be a woman's f irs t love. Women like to be a man's las t romance.

Oscar Wilde, Irish writer

3B Stereotypes - or are they?

1 G R A M M A R articles: a /an, the, no article

a (^ T rde)the c o r r e c t a n sw e rs .

1 I t h in k (girts)/ the girls are b e tte r at le a rn in g languages / the languages th an boys / the boys.2 D id you lo c k door / the door w hen you le ft house / the house th is m o rn in g ?

3 M y s is te r w o rk s fo r Japanese ja Japanese com pany. She ’s engineer / an engineer.4 I d o n ’t u s u a lly like fish / the fish , bu t salmon / the salmon w e had la st n ig h t w as de lic iou s .

5 W e go to movies / the movies once a week / the week.6 D o n ’t w o r ry ! I t ’s n o t the end / end o f the world / world.7 D o you th in k women / the women are m o re sen s it ive th an men / the men?8 W h a t beautiful / a beautiful day! L e t ’s have lunch / a lunch o n the pa tio .

b A r e th e h ig h l ig h te d p h ra se s r ig h t ( / ) o r w ro n g ( / ) ? C o r r e c t th e w ro n g ph ra ses .

2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N /ə/, sentence stress,/ðə/ or /ð!/?

a L is te n an d c o m p le te th e sen ten ces.

1 I’d l ik e to speak to the manager .2 I pu t th e ___________________ on the

3 ___________________ are w e g o in g t o ___________________

to n ig h t?

4 C o u ld y o u ___________________ th e ____________________

fo r a m in u te ?

5 She needs to see a ___________________ about

h e r ___________________ .

6 W e w an t t o ___________________ f o r a __________________

to m o rrow .

b L is te n ag a in and repeat. C o p y the rh y th m .

c L is te n an d repeat the ph rases . Pay

a tte n t io n to the p ro n u n c ia t io n o f the.

1 T h e co n ve rsa tio n w as abou t the w o m a n nex t door.

2 T h e u n iv e rs ity in v ite d a guest to speak a t the m eeting .

3 1 so m e tim e s go to the thea te r in the even ing .

4 W e to o k the e le va to r in s te ad o f w a lk in g up the s ta irs .

5 T h e o ff ic e gave m e a l l the in fo rm a t io n I needed.

6 T h e g ray s k ir t is n ice , bu t I p re fe r the b la ck one.

1 T h a t ’s p re tty d r e s s - t h e co lo r su its you.

a pretty dress________________________________

2 H e ’s h o p in g to v is it h is pa ren ts the n ex t w eekend.

3 T h e m oney doesn ’t m ake peop le happy.

4 M y g rand fa the r le ft s c h o o l w hen he w as 14.

5 T h e y go to the den tis t about tw ic e the y e a r .

6 H ave you w atched D V D th a t I len t you ?

7 T h a t w as one o f the best m ea ls I’ve ever had.

8 W h a t n o is y c h i ld ! W h e re are h is parents?

9 A le x is s tu d y in g to becom e do c to r.

10 I love the cats, bu t m y bo y fr ie n d doesn ’t lik e them .

11 H e r hu sband s its in f ro n t o f the T V a l l day.

12 She a lw ays gets to the w o rk at f iv e - th ir ty .

3 R E A D IN G

a R e a d th e a r t ic le o n ce an d p u t the h e a d in g s in the c o r re c t p lace.

A M e n are be tte r n av iga to rs th an w om en

B W o m e n ta lk m o re th a n m en

C M e n d o n 't see c o lo rs as w e ll as w om en

Stereotypessupported by science

ı _______________Men have a reputation for wearing clothes that don’t look good together - if men do look good, it’s because their girlfriends or wives have helped them get dressed. Why’s that?Science says: Let’s take a look at chromosomes - the parts of our DNA that control many things about us. The color red is carried only by the X chromosome. Women have two X chromosomes, and so they are more likely to be able to see red. Men only have one X chromosome. How we see color depends on the ability to see red, blue, and green, so women are more likely to see colors better. Being able to see colors well was im portant in prehistoric times when women looked for fru it for food. They had to be able to tell the difference between the types of fru it on the trees so that they didn’t choose a type tha t was poisonous. For them, seeing different colors meant they could survive.

2

Most men have a natural ability to read maps while women usually need to turn them around. How come?Science says: Men are able to see the size and position of things much quicker than women. This ability is called “spatial awareness”. Researchers discovered in a study o f four-year-old children tha t only one girl has this ability for every four boys. Once again, the explanation can be found in the past. Do you remember those prehistoric women? Well, while they were looking fo r fruit, the men traveled long distances to hunt animals. When they had caught enough, they had to find their way home again. And this is where they learned “spatial awareness.” The women d idn 't need it because they hardly ever went out o f sight of the ir homes, but for the men, it was vital.

3

Humans are social animals, so why is it that men don’t like sharing their problems while women tell their best friends everything?Science says: The answer is in the brain. The parts responsible for language are 17% larger in a woman’s brain than in a man’s brain. Also, women use both the left and the right side o f the brain to use language, while men use only one side - the ir strongest side. And there’s more. The part o f the brain that connects the two parts together - the corpus callosum - is larger in women too, which means tha t they can move information from one part to the other part more quickly. Nobody is sure why these differences exist, but it's dea r tha t women have a definite advantage over men when it comes to communication.

b R ea d th e a rt ic le aga in . C h o o s e the r ig h t answ ers.

1 M e n can f in d it d i f f ic u lt to p e rce iv e ...

a th ree co lo rs .

(b ) one co lo r,

c an y co lo rs .

2 See ing co lo rs w e ll helped p reh is to r ic w om en ...

a f in d in te re s t in g th in g s to eat.

b c o o k fo o d co rrec t ly ,

c choose the r ig h t f ru it .

3 T h e re su lts o f the study show ed th a t . ..

a fou r-yea r-o ld s don ’t have spa tia l awareness,

b boys le a rn sp a t ia l aw areness be fo re g ir ls ,

c g ir ls d o n ’t have sp a t ia l aw areness.

4 W o m e n d id n ’t need sp a t ia l aw areness in

p re h is to r ic t im es b e cau se ...

a the m en w ere a lw ays w ith them ,

b they never le ft hom e,

c they d id n 't trave l fa r fro m hom e.

5 M e n are w o rse at c o m m u n ic a t in g be cau se ...

a p a r t o f th e ir b ra in s is sm a lle r.

b th e ir b ra in s a re 17% sm a lle r,

c th e ir b ra in s are larger.

6 T h e fu n c t io n o f the co rp u s c a llo su m in the

b ra in is ...

a to co m m u n ica te be tw een b o th sides,

b to s to re d if fe re n t languages,

c to c o n tro l the language p rocess .

c L o o k a t the h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s a n d p h ra ses .

W h a t d o y o u t h in k th e y m e an ? U s e y o u r

d ic t io n a r y to lo o k u p th e ir m e a n in g and

p ro n u n c ia t io n .

d C o m p le te th e sen ten ce s w it h o ne o f th e


1 It’s a definite advantage to have good

test sco re s i f you w a n t to go to co llege.

2 D o n ’t eat those m u sh ro o m s you fo u n d

outs ide ! T h e y c o u ld b e ___________________ .

3 W h o 's _______________________________________

m a k in g th is m ess?

4 S h e 's _______________________________________

to accep t i f you in v ite he r husband as w e ll.

5 I ta lia n p e o p le ___________________

_______________________________________ fo r

b e in g g rea t cooks.

6 It ’s ___________________ th a t I f in is h the re p o rt

be fo re the end o f the day.

21

4 V O C A B U L A R Y collocation: verbs / adjectives + prepositions

a (C iT c le )the c o r r e c t p re p o s it io n s .

1 T h e y 're a r r iv in g at / on /(m) Seou l o n F riday.

2 T h a t su itca se belongs f o r / f ro m / to me.

3 W e sh ou ld ask som eone at I fo r / o f d ire c t io n s .

4 W e m ig h t go c am p in g , b u t it depends

in I o f I on the w eather.

5 E v e ry b o d y laughed about I at I to m e w hen

I fe ll o f f the cha ir.

6 W h o ’s g o in g to pay fo r j o j j with the m ea l?

7 I d ream ed about I from / with m y o ld sch oo l

fr ie n d s la s t n igh t.

8 T h a t g ir l re m in d s m e about I o f I to m y cou s in .

b C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w ith th e c o r re c t

p re p o s it io n s .

1 T o n y used to be m a rr ie d to Teresa.

2 Y ou can r e ly ______________ m e to h e lp you w ith

the p a rty to m o rrow .

3 T h e y ’ re w o r r ie d ______________ th e ir

teenage son.

4 W e 're n o t very in te re s ted ______________

abstract art.

5 I ’m ve ry d if fe re n t______________ m y sister.

6 A d a m 's ve ry g o o d ______________m ath .

7 I 'm fed u p ______________ th is w eather.

8 H e 's fa m o u s______________ h is ro le in

Sherlock Holmes.

5 W H E N A R E P R E P O S IT IO N S S TR E S S E D ?

L is te n and co m p le te th e d ia lo g u e s .

b L is te n a g a in a n d repea t. C o p y th e r h y th m .

6 L IS T E N IN G

a L is te n to a r a d io c a l l- in p ro g ra m . W h ic h

sp e a k e r h a s th e m o s t t r a d it io n a l v ie w a b o u t m e n d o in g

th e c o o k in g ?

1 N ic k ŋ 2 Eve Q 3 F ra n k Q 4 M a r t in a [_

b L is te n a g a in and m a rk the sen ten ce s T (true) o r F (fa lse).

1 N ic k is unem p loyed . X

2 H e w o u ld n ’t l ik e to be a chef. __

3 E ve co o k s a l l the m ea ls a t he r house. __

4 She spends a lo t o f t im e c le a n in g the k itchen .

5 F ra n k th in k s tha t g ir ls w o rk ha rde r th an they used to. __

6 F ra n k th in k s tha t g ir ls now adays can cook .

7 M a r t in a 's p a rtn e r does a l l the co o k in g . __

8 M a r t in a re spects m en w h o can cook.




c la im (vb) /k le irn /

reduce /n 'dus/

a lm o s t /'o lm oost/

s lig h t ly / 's la it li/

w he reas /wsr'rez/

a c co rd in g to /a 'kordnj tu /

in fact An 'ftekt/

range fro m / 're ind 3 from /

tend to /Tend ta/

be s ke p tica l o f / b i 's k s p t ik l av/

file 3

22

1 A Who did you argue with ?B I ___________w ith m y___________ .

2 A Who are you_______________________ ?B I’m ___________ a t___________ !

3 A What are you so_______________________?B I’m ___________ about m y___________ .

4 A What are you_______________________?B I’m ___________ to th e ___________ .

Practical English A difficult celebrity

1 G IV IN G O P IN IO N S 3 R E A D IN G

C o m p le te th e d ia lo g u e .

John I love th is song. Can you turn it up?Anna Do I have to? It's really old.John It may be old, bu t i t ’s one o f my

favorites . 1 Personally . I th ink pop music was be tte r in the past than it is now. What do you 2th _________________ ?

Anna No, I don’t th ink th a t ’s3 r__________________. In my4 op_________________ , there is somegreat music around. And some of today’s singers have amazing voices.

John l 5ag_________________ .B u t very fewo f them w rite the ir own music. If you6 as__________________me, the realmusicians are the ones who w rite the songs and then perform them live on stage. Don’t you7 ag_________________ ?

Anna To be 8 h__________________, I don’tknow a lo t about it. I ju s t turn the radio on and listen to what they ’re playing!

2 S O C IA L EN G LIS H

C o m p le te th e d ia lo g u e s . U se a ph ra se

c o n ta in in g the w o rd in pa ren theses .

1 A Hello! I ’m back ! (back)B Hi! Did you have a good day?

2 A I’m going out fo r a walk now. Do you wantto come?

B ____________________________

I’LL get my coat, (minute)

3 A I brought you some flowers.B Thank you. That’s _______________

_______________________________ . (kind)

4 A ___________________________________________ w hat you said aboutmoving to California? (mean)

B Yes. I think it ’ll be a great opportunity for us.

5 A You look upset. What’s the matter.B Nothing really._______________

_______________________________myboyfriend’s away and I really miss him. (just)

a R e a d the tex t. M a r k the sen ten ce s T (true) o r F (fa lse).

1 N e w Y o rk ta x is a re a l l the sam e m o d e l o f car. _F

2 A m e d a llio n n u m b e r has fo u r nu m be rs and one letter. __

3 A n o ff-d u ty cab w on 't p ic k you up. __

4 Y o u sh o u ld s tand in the stree t u n t i l a ta x i s tops fo r you. __

5 W h e n you get in a ta x i, the p r ic e s ta rts at 50 cents. __

6 Y o u pay pe r m in u te i f you are n o t m o v in g . __

7 T a x i d r iv e rs l ik e to be p a id in cash. __

NEW YORK TAXISNew York taxis provide an essential service to New Yorkers and tourists for getting around the city. There are over 12,000 yellow medallion taxicabs so it doesn’t take long to see one.

What does a New York taxi look like?New York taxis come in many different shapes and sizes, but to be official taxis they must be yellow. They must also have a special code called a medallion number: one number, then one letter, and two more numbers. A bronze badge with the same code should also be displayed on the hood.Only taxis w ith the above are legally licensed to pick you up!

How will I know when a New York taxi is available?It's all in the lights! When jus t the center light illuminates the medallion number, the taxi is available to be hailed. When the center light is off and both sidelights are on (illuminating the words "Off Duty” ), the taxi is o ff duty. When no lights are illuminated, the taxi is already in use.

How to hail a New York taxi.First, try to hail a taxi in the direction you are already going; it saves tim e and money. When you see an available taxi, make sure it's safe and step o ff the sidewalk while holding your hand up high. If for any reason you don’t get the driver’s attention, step back onto the sidewalk and wait fo r the next available taxi and repeat the process. It’s as simple as that.

New York taxi fares.Once you step into the cab the meter will be turned on. This is called the “flag-drop fare” and is $2.50. After that it will cost you 50 cents for every one-fifth of a mile, or 50 cents per minute if you are stuck in traffic. There is a flat-rate charge o f $52 from Manhattan to JFK Airport. If you're happy with the trip , you should tip your driver between 15% and 20% o fth e tota l fare. Paying by cash is preferred, however all taxis now accept credit cards.

b U n d e r l in e f iv e w o rd s o r p h ra s e s y o u d o n ’t k n o w . U s e y o u r

d ic t io n a r y to lo o k u p th e ir m e a n in g and p ro n u n c ia t io n .

Failure is n o t fa llin g down. Failure is fa llin g down and n o t g e tt in g up again.

Richard Nixon, former US President

4A Failure and success

1 G R A M M A R can, could, be able toa ^ i r d g ) th e c o r re c t fo rm . C h e c k ( / ) i f b o th

a re c o r re c t .

1 She can / is able to s w im re a lly w e ll because

she used to liv e by the ocean. /

2 Y ou d o n 't need to can iflbepbleto) d r iv e to

liv e in the c ity .

3 L u k e could / was able to read w hen he w as

o n ly th ree yea rs o ld .

4 I f it doesn 't r a in to m o rro w , we can / we’ll be able to go fo r a lo n g w a lk .

5 S o rry , I've been so bu sy th a t I haven’t could /

haven 't been able to c a ll u n t i l now.

6 I f M a r ia had a less d e m a n d in g job , she

could I would be able to en joy l ife m ore.

7 I've neve r could / been able to dance w e ll,

bu t I'd love to lea rn .

8 W e're rea lly so rry we couldn't / weren't able to com e to y o u r w edd ing .

9 I used to can / used to be able to speak a lit t le

Po rtuguese , but I've fo rgo tten m o st o f it now .

10 Can you / Will you be able to m ake it to

d in n e r to n ig h t?

11 T o w o rk fo r th is com pany, you must can /

must be able to speak at least th ree

languages.

12 I hate can 't / not being able to com m un ica te

w ith the lo ca l peop le w hen I’m trave lin g .

b R e a d T y le r R u i z ’s re su m e . T h e n c o m p le te th e sen ten ce s w it h th e

c o r r e c t f o r m o f can, could, o r be able to.

1 T y le r can sa il.

2 H e ________________________speak a l it t le C h in e se w h e n he

sta rted w o rk in g in H o n g K ong .

3 H e ________________________sp eak G e rm a n .

4 H e ________________________des ign w ebs ites s in ce 1999.

5 H e 'd l i k e ________________________speak R u ss ian .

6 H e ________________________ f in is h h is Ph .D . before he le ft the U S .

7 H e ________________________speak a l it t le R u s s ia n soon.

Nam e: Tyler Ruiz D ate of B irth: 09/22/1980

EducationDegree in French with Marketing (2003)Master’s in Business Administration (2006)Started Ph.D. in Business (2009) - incomplete

W ork E x p e rie n ce1998-2000: Trainer and Operator with Texas Instruments, London 2003-2009: Assistant then Marketing Manager, Texas Instruments, Dallas, USA2009-present: Managing Director, AHH Marketing Services Ltd., Hong Kong

O ther S k illsIT skills - advanced.Course in web design 1999.

LanguagesFrench (fluent) Chinese (basic) certificate 2008 I hope to start Russian classes next January.

H ob b ies and InterestsWatersports, especially sailing and windsurfing


L is te n an d re pea t th e sen ten ces. C o p y th e rh y th m .

1 She can s i n g v e r y w e l l .

2 I’ve n e v e r been a b l e to s k i .

3 C a n you r e a d a m a p ?

4 Y o u w o n ’t be a b l e to g o o u t t o m o r r o w .

5 H e h a s n ’t been a b l e to w a l k v e r y f a s t s ince he h u r t h is l e g .

6 T h e y a r e n ’t a b l e to c o m e t o n i g h t .

3 R E A D IN G

a R e a d th e a r t ic le o n ce a n d m a tc h p a ra g ra p h s A - D w ith p h o to s 1 -4 .

Steven Spielberg Isaac Newton

Failure: the first step toward successMany people who have found success started out by failing.Below are four of the most famous.

A Some people consider this man to be the greatest scientist who has ever lived. However, his early life was nothing special. He was very small as a child and he was a very bad student. When he was twelve,

his mother took him out of school so that he could learn how to run the family farm. Unfortunately, he wasn't very good at that either, so in the end he was sent back to school. After eventually passing his exams, he went to Cambridge University where he became a brilliant scholar Later, he developed his law o f gravity.

B This man is one ofthe most famous inventors o f all time, which is incredible when you think he only went to school for three months. After his teacher lost patience with him, his mother taught him at home and he learned many important lessons from reading books. His working life started as badly as his schooling had, and he was fired from his first two

jobs. However, this gave him more time lo experiment - by the end o f his life he had invented over a thousand devices. His most famous invention was a certain type o f lightbulb.

C Ask anyone to name the most famous movie director in Hollywood and many of them will say this man's name. However, his movie career started

badly, as he was rejected three times from film school. He eventually started his studies at a different school, but he dropped out to become a director

before he had finished. Since then he has won the Oscar for best director twice, and three o f his movies have broken box office records. He went back to school in 2002 to finish his studies and earn his BA degree.

D Although he is one ofthe most successful businessmen and computer

programmers o f all time, this man didn't actually finish college. He was very bright at school and went to Harvard University, but he spent most o f his time using the college's computers for his own projects and didn't do much studying. After dropping out, he decided to start his own

company with a friend. This company failed, but he persisted and won a contract with IBM which eventually resulted in his company becoming one ofthe most powerful and recognized brands in the world today.

b R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in . M a r k th e sen ten ce s T (true)

o r F (fa lse).

1 Isaac N e w to n a lm o s t becam e a fa rm er. T_2 H e w as neve r a ve ry good studen t. __

3 T h o m a s E d is o n m issed th ree m o n th s

o f sch oo l w hen he w as a ch ild .

4 H e d id n 't m ake a good im p re s s io n o n h is

bosses a t th e s ta r t o f h is w o rk in g life . __

5 S teven Sp ie lb e rg c o u ld n 't go to the f i lm

sch o o l he w an ted to. __

6 H e has never f in ish e d h is degree. __

7 B i l l G a te s fa ile d o u t o f co llege . __

8 H is f ir s t c o m pan y w a sn ’t su ccessfu l. __

c L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s and ph ra ses . W h a t

d o y o u t h in k th e y m e an ? U s e y o u r d ic t io n a r y to

lo o k u p th e ir m e a n in g an d p ro n u n c ia t io n .

d C o m p le te th e sen ten ce s w it h o ne o f the


1 T h e c h i ld ’s pa ren ts lost patience w ith her

and sent he r to he r ro om .

2 H e w a sn ’t e n jo y in g co llege , so h e _____________

_____________ a fte r the f ir s t year.

3 A f te r severa l m on th s, s h e _____________ m anaged

to pe rsuade he r b o y fr ie n d to see an opera.

4 M y c o lle a g u e ___________________________ fo r

se n d in g p e rso n a l e m a ils f ro m w ork .

5 M y hu sband re fuses to buy e xp e n s iv e ____________

o f c lo th in g .

6 T h e re w as a huge lin e at t h e _____________

_____________ because it w as the o p e n in g n ig h t o f

the m ov ie .

25

Bill GatesThomas Edison

b C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e c o r r e c t fo rm o f

th e a d je c t iv e s in pa ren th eses .

1 I en joyed the b o o k , bu t the m ov ie w as a lit t le

boring . (bo red / b o r in g )

2 I fe lt v e r y ________________________ w h e n I re a liz e d

m y m is take , (em barrassed / em ba rrass ing )

3 H e ’s ________________________because the p r in te r

is n 't w o rk in g , ( fru s tra ted / fru s tra t in g )

4 T h e f in a l q u a rte r o f the gam e w as re a lly

________________________ . (excited / e x c it in g )

5 W e haven 't heard fro n t h e r s in ce she a rr iv e d

in B a n g ko k — i t ’s v e r y _______________________ .

(w o rr ie d / w o r ry in g )

6 Y o u r t r ip soun ds r e a l ly ________________________

- t e l l m e m ore! (in te rested / in te re s t in g )

7 I ’m t ire d o f th is te r r ib le w ea the r - it 's so

. (depressed / dep ress ing)

8 M a x w as v e r y ________________________w hen

he w asn 't cho sen fo r the job. (d isappo in ted /

d isa p p o in t in g )

c Z i r d J ) th e -ed a d je c t iv e s in e x e rc ise b w h e re -ed is

p ro n o u n c e d /id/.

Reflexive pronounsd C o m p le te th e sen ten ce s w it h th e c o r r e c t w o rd .

1 T h e best w ay to get h ea lth y is to m ake yourself exe rc ise

eve ry day.

2 Jon and D a n n y h e lp _____________________ to fo o d

w heneve r they com e to m y house.

3 Jenna pa in ted the b a th ro o m _____________________ .

4 T h e co m p u te r t u r n s _____________________ o f f i f n o b o d y

uses it fo r a w h ile .

5 I a lw ays s in g t o _____________________ w h e n I 'm in

the show er.

6 W e fo u n d the a p a r tm e n t_____________________ , w ith o u t

any he lp f ro m a rea l estate agent.

5 L IS T E N IN G

a Y o u are g o in g to h e a r f iv e sp e a ke rs t a lk in g

a b o u t m is ta k e s th e y have m ade in a fo re ig n la nguage .

L is te n an d c o m p le te th e sen ten ces.

Speake r 1 w as sp eak in g French_____ to _________________ .

Speake r 2 w as sp e a k in g _______________ t o ________________ .




b L is t e n a g a in a n d c o m p le te th e tab le .

W hat th ey w anted to say

W hat they a c tu a lly said

Speaker 1

Speaker 2

Speaker 3

Speaker 4

Speaker 5

inhaler

c L is te n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 7 1.



l in k / lip k /

scuba d ive / ‘skub a da iv /

s k i l ls /sk ilz /

(dance) s teps /steps/

m u lt i l in g u a l /n u lU 'ln jg w a l/

f lu e n t ly / 'f lu a n t li/

bas ic p h rases /be is rk 'fre iz iz /

language b a r r ie r / 'ltepgw id3 bterisr/

teach y o u r s e lf b o o k s / 't it j y a r 's s lf b o k s/

m o re e xcep tion s th an ru le s /m or ik 's s p jn z dan ru lz /

26

4 V O C A B U L A R Y -ed / -ing adjectives

a R ig h t ( / ) o r w ro n g (/)? C o r re c t the w ro n g adjectives.

1 T u rn the channe l! T h is is a b o red T V show.

______ boring_______

2 T a k in g care o f sm a ll ch ild re n can be ve ry t ir e d .

3 H is test sco res w ere ve ry d isa p p o in t in g .

4 I w as ve ry em ba rrassed w hen m y phone

ran g in the m eeting .

5 Ju n ko w as very s u rp r is in g because she

d id n 't k n o w they w ere com ing .

6 W e to o k a lo t o f p ic tu re s because the v iew

w as so a m a z in g .

7 A re you in te re sted in ca r ra c ing?

8 She fe lt f ru s tra t in g because she c o u ld n ’t

get o n the su r fb o a rd .

When a man opens th e car door fo r his w ife i t ’s e ithe r a new car or a new w ife .

Duke of Edinburgh, husband of Queen Elizabeth II

4B Modern manners?

1 V O C A B U L A R Y phone language

C o m p le te th e sen ten ces.

1 Y ou m ust not use you r phone in a quie t zone2 W h e n you f in is h a phone ca ll, y ou h______________

u _______________ .

3 I f som eone doesn 't an sw e r th e ir phone , you can leave a

m ______________ on th e ir v_______________.

4 I f you 're in a m ee ting , y o u can pu t y o u r phone on

s______________ o r v_______________m ode.

5 I f som eone 's phone is o f f you can c______________

b______________later.

6 T h e sound y o u r c e ll phone m akes w h e n som eone c a lls you is

a r______________.

7 I f y o u w an t to te x t y o u r fr ie n d s m o re cheap ly , you can use

in ______________ m ______________ .

8 W h e n you c a ll som eone , you have to d______________ th e ir

n u m b e r b y p re ss in g som e keys.

9 I f som eone is a lre a d y ta lk in g o n th e ir c e ll phone w hen you ca ll,

the lin e is b______________.

10 Y o u can p ro te c t th e d isp la y o f y o u r c e ll p h o n e o r com pu te r

w ith a sc______________ .

b C o r r e c t a n y m is ta k e s in u se o r fo r m in the

h ig h l ig h te d ph ra ses . C h e c k ( / ) th e c o r re c t

sen ten ces.

1 Peop le m ust n o t use the ir ce ll phones when

they ’re ta lk in g to you.

People shouldn’t use_________________________

2 I m u st go to w o rk by bu s yesterday. M y ca r

w as b e in g repa ired .

3 D o you have to w ea r a su it and tie at w o rk?

4 Y ou d o n ’t have to p lay socce r here. It says “no

b a ll gam es.”

5 M y fa the r is a ta x i d r iv e r and he sh ou ld w o rk

n igh ts.

6 I d id n 't have to c o o k la st n ig h t because we

w en t ou t fo r d in ne r.

7 In the fu tu re , m aybe eve ryone m u st speak

E n g lis h and C h in e se .

8 Y ou d o n 't lo o k w e ll. Y o u sh o u ld to go hom e.2 GRAMMAR modals of obligation: must, have to, shoulda ( Li7de)the c o r re c t fo rm . C h e c k ( / ) i f b o th a re p o ss ib le .

What you need to know before you visit the USYou have to / must have a visa to enter the country. /

2 You must not / don't have to drive on the left! Here we drive on the right!

3 You must not / don't have to pay to visit most museums and art galleries. Entrance is usually free.

4 You have to / should go on a ferry to visit the Statue of Liberty. You can't go by bus.

5 You have to / must wear a seat belt at all times in a car.

6 You must / should always try to arrive on time for an appointment or meeting. Americans are very punctual!

7 If you are sightseeing in New York, you must / should buy a MetroCard that gives you cheaper travel on the subway and buses.

8 You must not / don't have to smoke in any public building. It is prohibited by law.

9 When talking to Americans, you shouldn't / don't have to ask them about their salary. Some people might think this is rude.

10 You must / have to answer some questions when you go through immigration.

27

3 PRONUNCIATION silent consonants, linking

a C r o s s o u t th e s ile n t c o n s o n a n t in the

w o rd s .

1 w r ite

2 rece ip t

3 h o u r

4 sh o u ld n ’t

5 exhausted

6 w a lk

7 cou ld

8 debt

b L is te n and check . T h e n lis te n

ag a in and repea t th e w o rd s .

c L is te n an d re pea t th e sen tences. T r y to

l in k th e w o rd s .

1 Y o u sh o u ld n ’t ta lk o n the phone w hen

y o u ’re d r iv in g .

2 Y ou m u st a lw ays w ea r y o u r seat be lt in

the car.

3 Y ou d o n 't have to w ea r a u n ifo rm .

4 Y o u sh o u ld n ’t ask a fr ie n d fo r m oney.

5 Y ou have to w a tch ou t fo r p ickp o cke te rs .

6 Y o u sh o u ld take a p resen t fo r them .

L is te n and check . T h e n lis te n

ag a in and re pea t th e sentences.

4 READINGa R e a d th e a r t ic le o n ce and ch e c k ( / ) the

b e s t s u m m a ry .

1 H o w m en sh ou ld behave tow a rd

w o m en in the 21st cen tu ry .

2 H o w m en behaved tow a rd w om en

in the past.

3 T h e d iffe re n ce be tw een m en ’s and

w om en 's m anners.

first?Nobody knows how long people have been using the words “Ladies First,” nor is anyone sure where the concept came from. However, neither of these facts matters today. The important question is whether the tradition is still relevant, and if men should continue respecting it.

In th e past, th e re w as a s t r ic t s e t o f ru le s c o n ce rn in g m en 's b eh av io r to w a rd

w om en - o r ra th e r “ lad ie s” as th e y w e re ca lle d th en . M e n w ea r in g h a ts used

to take th em o f f in th e p re sen ce o f w om en . They used to s tan d up w h e n e ve r

a w om an en te re d o r le ft a room , and th e y d id th e sam e a t a d in in g tab le . M e n

used to ho ld a d o o r fo r a w om an to a llo w h e r to go th ro u g h firs t . They a lw ays

used to pay fo r m ea ls - b u t w e 'll co m e back to th a t o n e later. A ll o f th e se

cu s to m s w e re co n s id e red g o o d m anne rs , an d p eo p le looked dow n on m en

w h o d id n o t co n fo rm .

In fa c t, th is s e t o f ru le s a c tu a lly m ade th in g s e a s ie r fo r m en. If th e y b ro ke a

ru le , th e y knew p e r fe c t ly w e ll th a t th e y w e re go ing to o ffe n d som ebody . Today,

it is m u ch e a s ie r to ca u se o ffe n se w ith o u t m ean ing to. For exam p le , i f a m an

o p en s a d o o r to le t a w om an th ro u g h firs t , and she d o e s so w ith o u t saying

th a n k you, th e m an m ay fe e l o ffe n d e d . A n d if a m an in v ite s a w om an to a

re s ta u ra n t o f h is c h o ic e on th e ir f ir s t da te , and th e n a sks h e r t o pay h e r h a lf o f

th e check , it m ay be th e w om an w h o ge ts upse t. W o m en no lo ng e r w a n t to be

tre a te d as th e w ea ke r sex, w h ich leaves m en in a d ilem m a. On o ne hand, m en

a re co n sc io u s o f th e “ Lad ie s F irs t” tra d it io n , b u t on th e o the r, th e y d o n o t w an t

to o ffe n d . O fte n , th e y do n 't know w h a t to do.

The b e s t a d v ice is th is: if in dou b t, m en shou ld fo llo w th e ru le s o f “ Lad ie s F irs t.”

Even if th e w om an co n s id e rs th e b eh av io r in app rop ria te , sh e w ill s t ill re a lize

th a t th e m an has g o o d m anne rs . T h is is p a rt icu la r ly re le v a n t o n th a t f ir s t da te

w e w e re ta lk ing ab o u t. If th e m an has in v ite d th e w om an ou t, th e n he shou ld

pay th e check . A ctua lly , it's th e in v ita t io n to d in n e r it s e lf th a t is im p o r ta n t here,

n o t th e a m o u n t o f m oney spen t. In genera l, w om en app re c ia te a p icn ic o r a

h o m e -m ad e d in n e r ju s t as m uch as an e xpen s ive meal.

So th e a n sw e r t o o u r o r ig in a l q u e s tio n is: yes. “ Lad ie s F irs t” is still re le van t

today, b u t n o t in th e sam e w ay as it w as in th e past. M o s t w o m en a p p re c ia te a

k ind ges tu re m ade by a m an, b u t he shou ld neve r a c co m p an y it w ith th e w o rd s

“L a d ie s F irs t” - it sp o ils th e e f fe c t com p le te ly !

28

Ladies

5 LISTENINGb R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in and c h o o se the

r ig h t an sw e r.

1 A c c o rd in g to the a r t ic le .. .

a the idea o f “ L ad ie s f ir s t ” s ta rted in the

M id d le Ages.

b the idea o f “ L ad ie s f ir s t ” is a new idea,

(c) it ’s no t k n o w n w hen the idea o f

“ L ad ie s f ir s t ” started.

2 In the p a s t...

a m en d id n 't k n o w how to behave

tow ard w om en.

b “ Lad ie s f ir s t ” w as very po lite ,

c it d id n ’t m a tte r i f m en b roke the ru les.

3 N o w a d a y s ,m en ...

a aren 't su re how to behave

tow ard w om en,

b behave in the sam e way

tow ard w om en,

c have new ru le s to fo llow .

4 A c c o rd in g to the a rt ic le , m en sh o u ld ...

a no t th in k about w ha t w om en w ant,

b fo llo w the ru le s o f “ L ad ie s f ir s t .”

c no t fo llo w the ru le s o f “ L ad ie s f irs t.”

5 A c c o rd in g to the a rt ic le , w o m e n ...

a a lw ays w an t expens ive th ings,

b d o n ’t lik e it w hen m en cook.

c lik e a m ea l at hom e o r in a restaurant.

c L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s and

p h ra se s . W h a t d o y o u t h in k th ey m ean ?

U s e y o u r d ic t io n a r y to lo o k u p th e ir

m e a n in g and p ro n u n c ia t io n .

d F in d th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s o r p h ra se s

in th e te x t to m a tch th e d e f in it io n s .

1 n o t r ig h t fo r a p a r t ic u la r s itu a t io n

inappropriate______________________

2 an a c t io n th a t show s o th e r peop le how

you feel

3 un de rstand the va lue o f so m e th in g

4 an idea

5 upset som ebody

6 th ou gh t they w ere b e tte r th an

a L is te n to a r a d io p ro g ra m a b o u t g o o d m a n n e rs in

d if fe re n t c o u n t r ie s . W h a t k in d o f a d v ic e d o th e f o u r p e o p le a sk

a b o u t? C h e c k ( / ) th e c o r r e c t a n sw e rs . T h e re is o n e p ie ce o f a d v ice

y o u d o n o t n eed to use.

1 A d v ic e a bou t h o w to behave in b u s in e ss s itu a tio n s .

2 A d v ic e a bou t b o d y language.

3 A d v ic e abou t m ee tin g new peop le.

4 A d v ic e abou t fo rm in g a lin e .

5 A d v ic e abou t v is it in g som eone 's house.

b L is te n ag a in an d c h o o se th e r ig h t a n sw e rs .

1 A c c o rd in g to the expe rt, in T h a ila n d you shou ld no t g ive a “w a i” to . ..

a peop le w h o are o lde r th an y o u .

b anyone.

© peop le w ho are younge r th an you.

2 W h e n is it p o lite to say th a n k you in B ra z il?

a w hen a fr ie nd o ffe rs you a d r in k

b w hen a s tranger opens a d oo r

c b o th a and b are co rre c t

3 W h ic h gesture, o ften m ade b y p o lic e o ff ice rs , is an in su lt in G reece?

a “C o m e here.”

b “ S top .”

c “G o away.”

4 A fo re ig n pe rson in K o re a . ..

a m u st no t bow to anyone,

b m ust b o w to everyone.

c c a n bow to show po liteness.

5 A c c o rd in g to the expe rt, i f a K o re a n pe rson is happy, they b o w ve ry ...

a qu ick ly .

b slow ly,

c deeply.

c L is te n ag a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 71.

USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASESL e a rn th ese w ords and p hrases.

e tique tte /'etakot/

m anne rs /'masnarz/

ho st I hostess /hou st/ /'houstas/

behave /b i'h e iv /

deserve /dr'zarv/

d is tu rb /d i'starb/

in a p p ro p r ia te / in a 'p roop rio t/

in s u lt in g /in 'sA ltiq /

a lle rg ic to /a 'b rd 3rk ta/

sh o u ld have (w ritten ) /Jod av/

g E f r ® O - T g FILE 4

29

It's n o t w h e th e r y o u w in o r lo s e t h a t m a t te r s , b u t w h e th e r I w in o r lo se .

Sandy Lyle, Scottish golfer

5A Sports superstitions

1 G R A M M A R past tenses

C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e c o r r e c t fo rm o f

th e v e rb s in p a ren th eses . U s e th e s im p le past, p a st

c o n t in u o u s , o r p a s t p e rfe c t.

1 W e w ere late. W h e n w e arrived (arrive), eve ryone

e lse had finished ( f in ish ) th e ir lu n ch and they

were sitting (sit) on the p a t io h a v in g co ffee .

2 T h e y ______________ (drive) to the a irp o r t w hen they

su d d e n ly ______________ (rem em ber) th a t they

____________________ (not tu rn o ff) the lig h ts .

3 T h e g a m e ____________________ (a lready / start) w hen

w e ______________ (tu rn on) the T V . T h e R ed S o x ___________

(lose) and th e y ______________ (p lay) v e ry badly.

4 I ____________________ (not re cog n ize ) m a n y peop le

at m y o ld sch oo l re u n io n because everyone

______________ (change) a lo t in tw e n ty years.

5 M y s is te r______________ (w ait) to go ou t fo r d in n e r

yeste rday w h e n he r b o y f r ie n d ______________ (ca ll) he r to

say th a t h e ______________ (not can) com e because h is ca r

_______________(b reak dow n).

6 R ea l M a d r id ______________ (beat) B a rce lona yesterday.

B a rc e lo n a ______________ (w in) 1 -0 in the f ir s t ha lf, but

M a d r id ______________ (score) tw o goa ls in the second ha lf.

7 H e ______________ (run ) to the s ta t io n , b u t the n in e

o 'c lo c k t r a in ____________________ (a lready / leave).

T h e s ta t io n w as em p ty excep t fo r tw o peop le w ho

_______________(w ait) fo r the n e x t tra in .

8 I t______________(start) ra in in g w hen I ______________ (walk)

to w o rk . I ______________ (call) a ca r se rv ice because

I _____________ (not w ear) a coa t and I ______________

(not have) an u m b re lla .

2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N /or/, /or/

a (Ci r c l e ) th e w o rd w it h a d if fe re n t so u n d .

12

34 X w

horse bird horse bird

four f irs t course courtshorts hurt floor servewarm up sports score sh irt

(work outD world w orst worse

L is te n and ch e ck . T h e n l is t e n a g a in and


3 READINGa R e a d th e a r t ic le o n p. 31 on ce . C o m p le te the

sen ten ces.

1 T h e b oy w as p la y in g ______________________________ .

2 H e cheated b y t a k in g ______________________________.

b R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in . M a r k th e sen ten ce s T (true)

o r F (fa lse).

1 A c c o rd in g to the a rt ic le , peop le u su a lly le a rn

n o t to cheat w hen they a re you ng ch ild re n . _F_2 B la n k t ile s can be used w hen p laye rs d o n ’t

have the r ig h t le tter. __

3 T h e b oy w as one o f the best p laye rs in the

tou rn am en t.

4 T h e p re v io u s day, the boy had beaten

A r t h u r M o o re . __

5 M o o re caugh t the b o y w h ile he w as m a k in g

a w o rd . __

6 H e saw the b oy take a b la n k t ile o u t o f

h is pocke t. __

7 T h e b oy answ ered the to u rn am e n t d ire c to r ’s

qu e s tio n s t ru th fu lly . __

8 H e w asn 't a llow ed to con tinue p lay ing . __

c L o o k a t th e h ig h lig h te d w o rd s and p h ra se s . W h a t

d o y o u t h in k th e y m e an ? U s e y o u r d ic t io n a r y to

lo o k u p th e ir m e a n in g and p ro n u n c ia t io n .

d C o m p le te the sen ten ce s w it h one o f th e h ig h lig h te d

w o rd s o r p h ra ses .

1 Jam es discretely b ou gh t the p resen t w hen h is

w ife w a sn ’ t lo o k in g .

2 S a m ____________________ te ll in g lie s abou t he r

co lleagues.

3 T h e a th le te w a s ____________________ a fte r he m ade

th ree fa lse starts.

4 M y co m p u te r is b ro ken , so I ’m go in g to

it w ith a new one.

5 She b e ca m e ____________________ w hen she found

the t ra in t icke ts in h is p o c k e t .

6 H e c o u ld n 't____________________ the m an o f

ly in g because there w as n o p ro o f he had done

a n y th in g bad.

7 Jack bea t h i s ____________________ 6 -1 , 6 - 3 .

8 T h e y ____________________ to s te a lin g a fte r they lo s t

th e ir jobs.

It ’s norm al fo r young children to cheat when they're

playing board games. As they grow older, they realize tha t

the fun is actually in taking part in the game, not necessarily

in w inning it. By the tim e they reach the ir teens, they have

usually learned not to cheat. Sadly, this was not the case

fo r a player in a national board game championship held

annually in the US. The player wanted to win so much tha t

he resorted to cheating.

The board game was Scrabble. This is a word game tha t

was created in 1938 by an American arch itect named Alfred Mosher Butts. In the game, players have to make words

from individual le tte rs on small squares called "tiles / 1 and

then put the words on a board. Two o f the most useful tiles

in the game are the blanks, which are tiles w ithou t any

le tte rs on them. A blank isn’t w o rth any points, but a player

can use i t to replace any le tte r o f the alphabet.

The cheater in this particular tournam ent was a 15-year-old

boy from Orlando, Florida. He had surprised organizers in the early stages o f the com petition by beating some o f the

best players, despite the fac t th a t he had never played in

competitions before. This made some o f the other players

suspicious, including the man who caught him, 43-year-old

A rthu r Moore. Moore had already played the boy the day

before, and Moore had won the game, although the boy had

had both o f the blank tiles. In Scrabble, before a new game

starts, the players put the tiles from the previous game

back in to a small bag. This time, Moore had a good look at

the tiles on the table before he and his opponent put them

in the bag to s ta rt the game. He was not surprised to see

th a t the tw o blanks were toge the r on the table in fro n t o f

the boy. As the tw o players were putting the tiles in to the

bag, Moore discretely watched the boy’s le ft hand. He saw the boy pick up the tw o blanks, and put his hand under

the table. This was the signal fo r Moore to call one o f the

organizers and accuse the boy o f cheating.

When the boy was taken away fo r questioning, he

adm itted to taking the tw o blanks during the game and

hiding them under the table. As a result o f his cheating, the

tournam ent d irector disqualified him and banned him from

playing in the com petition again.

31

4 VOCABULARY sports 5 LISTENINGa R e a d th e d e f in it io n s an d w r it e th e w o rd s .

1 an area o f w a te r th a t sw im m e rs use

swimming pool2 the p e rso n w h o co n tro ls a so cce r gam e

r___________________

3 an area w here s k iin g is done

s_______________

4 to h it s o m e th in g w ith y o u r fo o t

k________________5 som ebody w h o is ve ry e n th u s ia s t ic

abou t spo rts

f ___________________

6 an area w here g o lf is p layed

c___________________

7 exe rc ise to becom e h ea lth y and s tron g

g----------------------------- in s ---------------------------

8 an a rea o f g ro u n d w here peop le

p lay socce r

f ___________________

9 a p e rso n w h o t ra in s peop le to com pete in

c e r ta in sp o rts

c___________________

10 a large stru ctu re , u sua lly w ith no roof,

where people can sit and watch sports

st___________________

b C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e s im p le

p a s t o f th e v e rb s in th e bo x .

bea t g e t injured lose play- score th row t ie tra in warm up win

1 T h e U S played R u s s ia la s t n ig h t fo r

the ch a m p ion sh ip .

2 T h e te a m ______________ ha rd eve ry day

be fo re the to u rn am en t.

3 T h e C a n a d ia n r u n n e r ______________ the

race. H e go t the go ld m eda l.

4 T h e p la y e rs_____________________________

by jo g g in g and d o in g easy exe rc ises just

be fo re the gam e started .

5 Jo e ______________ the sco re w h e n he h it a

hom e run !

6 I d id n ’t p lay w e ll in the s e m if in a l round .

I _________ J_____2 -6 , 1 -6 .

7 M a r c ______________ the b a ll to h is

b ro th e r, b u t h is b ro th e r d ro p p e d it.

8 B r a z i l______________ Sw eden . T h e y had a

m u ch be tte r team .

9 T h e A rg e n t in ia n s t r ik e r ______________

fo u r goa ls in the la s t game.

10 O u r best p layer__________________________

in the second h a l f and w as taken o f f the

f ie ld to see the team 's doctor.

a C ff iE fil& fli L is te n to a r a d io p ro g ra m ab o u t a s p o r t s s ca n d a l.

W h ic h c o u n t r y w o n th e c o m p e t it io n in th e end?

b L is te n a g a in a n d m a rk th e se n ten ce s T (true) o r F (fa lse).

1 T h e scand a l happened d u r in g the te n n is to u rn am e n t o f

the 2012 O ly m p ic s . _F

2 S o u th K o re a and Ind ia w ere in vo lved in the scanda l. __

3 It happened d u r in g the f ir s t stage. __

4 O n e w ay they cheated w as b y h it t in g the sh u tt le co ck

in to the net. __

5 T h e sam e th in g happened in an o th e r m a tch . __

6 T h e team s cheated because they had been o ffe red m oney. __

7 T h e c ro w d d id n ’ t en jo y the m atches. __

8 Sou th K o re a w o n the s ilv e r m eda l. __

c L is te n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 72 .

USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASESL e a rn th ese w ords and phrases.

fate /feit/

r itu a ls / 'r it ju a lz /

su p e rs t it io n /supar's tijn /

bounce /bauns/

cheat /tjit/

re vea l / r i 'v i l/

sw eat /swst/

a lu c k y c h a rm /ə 'U k i t ja rm /

re su lt in /ri'ZA lt in /

tie y o u r shoe laces / ta i y a r 'fu le is iz/

32

5B Love at Exit 19

Lo v e is l ik e w ar: e a s y t o b e g in b u t v e r y h a rd t o s to p .

HL Mencken, US journalist

1 GRAMMAR usually and used to

a C o r r e c t a n y m is ta k e s in th e h ig h l ig h te d ph ra ses .

C h e c k ( / ) th e c o r re c t sen ten ces.

1 W h e re d id you used to liv e be fo re you m oved here?

did you use to live?____________________________________

2 Je rry used to have a hea rd , bu t he shaved it o f f last week.

✓ ___________________________3 I u s u a lly go to the g y m w h e n I leave w o rk .

4 M y w ife d o e sn ’t use to w ea r makeup. She doesn ’t lik e it.

5 D id you use to have lo ng h a ir?

6 I use to w a lk to w o rk . M y o ff ic e is o n ly ten m in u te s

f ro m m y house.

7 C a ro l d id n 't used to ta lk to m e, bu t n o w she a lw ays

says he llo .

8 D o you use to get up la te on Sundays?

9 D id you used to w a tch c a rto o n s w h e n you w ere lit t le ?

10 W e do n 't u su a lly stay in expens ive ho te ls , bu t th is

w eekend is spec ia l.

2 PRONUNCIATION sentence stress; the letter s

a Tt333l L is te n and repea t. C o p y th e r h y th m .

1 W h e r e d id you u s e to l i v e ?

2 D id you u s e to w e a r g l a s s e s ?

3 T h e y u s e d to h a v e a lo t o f m o n e y .

4 H e u s e d to g o to m y s c h o o l .

5 W e u s e d to w o r k t o g e t h e r .

6 Y o u u s e d to h a v e l o n g h a i r .

7 W e d i d n ’t u s e to g e t a l o n g .

8 I d i d n ’t u s e to l i k e it.

b (tq u rd e )th e w o rd w it h a d if fe re n t so u n d .

1

snake

2

zebra

3 Jshower

4

mtelevision

see eyes tissue usually(friends) easy please pleasuremost especially sure decisionsocial nowadays sugar music

c L is t e n and check . T h e n l is t e n a g a in and


b C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h usually o r th e c o r re c t

fo rm o f used to, a n d th e v e rb s in pa ren th eses .

1 She used to wear g lasses, bu t n o w she has

co n ta c t lenses, (wear)

2 H e ________________________a n im a ls , b u t now he has

a dog. (no t like )

3 I ________________________m y pa ren ts o n Sunday.

It ’s good to ta lk to them , (call)

4 I ________________________ F re n ch c lasses, b u t I s topped

because I d o n 't have t im e now . (take)

5 W e n e v e r________________________ , bu t n o w w e go to

re s tau ran ts tw ic e a w eek, (eat out)

6 I ________________________ late, b u t today I have a lo t

to do . (not w ork)

7 M y s is te r________________________v e ry shy, bu t n ow

she ’s c o n fid e n t, (be)

8 T h e y ________________________m e a p re sen t o n m y

b irth d ay , b u t th is yea r they fo rgo t! (give)

3 VOCABULARY relationships

a C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e p e o p le in th e b o x .

classmates close friend colleague couple ex fiance roommate w ife

1 W e ’re m a rried .

2 I share an apa rtm en t

w ith her.

3 I w o rk w ith h im .

4 W e used to go to sch oo l

together.

5 I 'm go in g to m a rry h im .

6 I used to go ou t w ith her.

7 W e 've k n o w n each o the r

fo r a lo ng t im e . I te ll he r

e ve ry th in g .

8 W e ’ve been go in g out

toge the r fo r th ree years.

She 's m y wife__________ .

S h e ’s m y _________________.

H e ’s m y _________________ .

W e w e re _________________ .

H e 's m y _________________ .

S h e ’s m y _________________.

S h e ’s a ___________________.

W e 're a __________________ .

4 READINGb C o m p le te th e te x t w it h th e s im p le p a s t o f the

v e rb s in th e bo x .

be toge ther become friends break up ge t along ge t to know ge t in touch ge t married go ou t toge the r have (sth) in common lose touch meet- propose

A n n a 1 met L u k e w h e n she s ta rte d w ork .

T h e y 2____________ each o th e r q u ic k ly because

th e y sat n e x t to each o th e r in th e o ffice . T h e y

soon 3____________ a n d th e y d is co ve re d th a t

t h e y 4____________ a lo t _____________ because

th e y w e re b o th sp o rts fans. T h e y 5____________

a few t im e s a fte r w o rk a n d th e y f e l l in love.

T h e y 6____________ fo r a year, b u t th e y a rgued

a lo t, a n d in the end t h e y 7____________ . A f te r

that, A n n a got a new job in a d iffe re n t tow n and

so th e y 8____________ . T en y ea rs la te r, th ey

9____________ a g a in on Facebook . T h e y w ere

b o th s t i l l s in g le and M a rk h a d ch an g ed jobs,

too. T h e y d e c id e d to t r y aga in , a n d th is t im e

th e y 10___________ b e tte r th a n be fo re , m aybe

because th e y w e re n 't w o rk in g together. A f te r

s ix m on th s, L u k e 11____________ a n d A n n a

accepted. T h e y 12____________ la s t sp r in g .

A lo t o f th e ir o ld co lleagues from w o rk cam e

to the w edd ing !

a R e a d th e a r t ic le on ce . H o w m a n y f r ie n d s d o e s th e average

A m e r ic a n have?

Yourfriends in numbers

How many fr ie n d s does the average p e rso n have?A resea rche r a t C o rn e ll U n iv e rs ity re cen tly d id a study

to le a rn the n u m b e r o f fr ie n d s a ty p ic a l A m e r ic a n has.

H e in te rv ie w e d m ore th a n 2 ,0 0 0 ad u lts aged 18 an d over in

h is study. H e asked them to l is t the nam es o f the peop le they

had d iscu ssed se r io u s m a tte rs w ith in the la s t s ix m on th s.

A b o u t 4 8 % o f the peop le ta k in g p a r t gave the resea rche r one

nam e , 18% gave h im tw o , a n d ab o u t 29% gave h im m ore

th a n tw o .

These resu lts c o n tra s t d ra m a t ic a l ly w ith the new s pub lished by

the so c ia l n e tw o rk in g site Facebook recently. T h e y sa id th a t the

average user on the site has 130 friends. T h e C o rn e ll U n ive rs ity

study fo u n d the average num ber o f fr iends to be a lo t low e r -

2 .03 to be exact. T h e researcher fro m C o rn e ll has e xp la in ed tha t

the d iffe rence lies in the d e f in it io n o f the w o rd friend. A fr iend

on Facebook m ay be a person w h o the user has m et by chance

o r som eone th a t they w i l l never m eet in rea l life . H ow ever,

the fr iend s in the researcher’s s tudy are c lose friends, w ho

pa rt ic ip an ts feel com fo rtab le d iscuss ing th e ir p rob lem s w ith .

In a s im ila r s tudy conducted 2 5 yea rs ago , p a rt ic ip a n ts had

a h ig he r nu m be r o f c lo se fr iends. T h en , the average num ber

w as th ree . D esp ite the lo w e r num ber, the researcher does

no t be lieve th a t peop le a re g e tt in g m o re is o la te d . Instead he

th in k s it ’s a s ign tha t they are b e com in g be tte r a t ch o o s in g

w h o they can tru s t w ith th e ir secrets.

T h is is suppo rted by the nu m be r o f peop le in the s tudy w h o

c o u ld no t th in k o f any nam es o f c lo se fr iend s they w o u ld

d iscu ss th e ir p e rsona l p rob lem s w ith . T h e percentage o f these

p a rt ic ip a n ts is the sam e th is t im e as it w as 25 years ago. In

bo th stud ies, ju st over 4% o f the p a rt ic ip a n ts gave researchers

no nam es. A p p a re n t ly , the peop le w h o fa ll in to th is ca tego ry

are m o re l ik e ly to be m en, o r peop le w ith less education .

In genera l, the researcher fro m C o rn e ll regards these f in d in g s

as pos itive . In h is o p in io n , they suggest th a t, a t least in the case

o f A m e r ic a n s , peop le a re n o t b e com in g less soc iab le .

34

b R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in an d ch o o se th e best an sw er.

1 M o s t peop le in the C o rn e ll U n iv e rs ity study had

spoken about som e th in g im p o rta n t w ith . ..

(a) one pe rson ,

b tw o peop le,

c m o re th an tw o peop le.

2 T h e new s pu b lish ed b y F aceb ook is d iffe re n t

f ro m the re su lts in the C o r n e l l s tudy b e cau se ...

a the peop le a re d if fe re n t ages.

b the s tud ie s are f ro m d if fe re n t years,

c the re la t io n sh ip s a ren ’t the same.

3 A c c o rd in g to a p re v iou s study, peop le had

c lo se fr ie n d s in the past.

a m ore

b the sam e n u m b e r o f

c few er

4 T h e nu m be r o f peop le w ith no c lo se fr iend s

i s ______________ it w as in the past.

a h ig he r than

b the same as

c lo w e r th an

5 T h e resu lts o f the C o rn e ll s tudy show tha t

A m e r ic a n s today a re ______________ they

used to be.

a m ore soc iab le th an

b as soc iab le as

c less soc iab le than

c L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s and p h ra se s .

W h a t d o y o u t h in k th ey m e an ? U s e y o u r

d ic t io n a r y to lo o k u p th e ir m e a n in g and

p ro n u n c ia t io n .

d C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h o n e o f the


1 I fo u n d an o ld p a in t in g by chance w h ile

I w as c le a n in g the a ttic .

2 I w o u ld n ’t _________________m y son w ith m y

phone . H e ’d p ro b ab ly b reak it.

3 H o w m uch m oney d o e s _________________

__________________________________ e a rn p e r year?

4 T h e y ta lked a b o u t________________________

_________________f ir s t , and th en m oved o n to the

less im p o rta n t th ing s .

5 T h e r ic h e r p a rts o f t o w n ________________________

_________________w ith the p o o re r o u ts k ir ts .

6 S om e teenagers a r e _________________

__________________________________ because they

spend so m u ch t im e o n th e ir com pu te rs.

5 L IS T E N IN G

a Y o u a re g o in g to h e a r a r a d io p ro g ra m a b o u t

re se a rch o n lo ve and a t t ra c t io n . N u m b e r th e to p ic s in the

o rd e r y o u h e a r th em .

a H o w to use y o u r eyes at a f ir s t m eeting . __

b B o d y language a t a f ir s t m ee ting . __

c H o w to use y o u r vo ice at a f ir s t m eeting . J _

d H o w m u ch to sm ile at a f ir s t m eeting . __

b L is te n a g a in an d m a rk th e sen ten ce s T (true) o r F (fa lse).

1 It's v e ry im p o rta n t to say the r ig h t th in g the f ir s t t im e

you ta lk to som eone you lik e . _F_2 A pe rson 's b o d y language can m ake th em m ore

a ttra c t ive . __

3 L o o k in g in to som eone ’s eyes can m ake them feel

m o re a ttra c ted to you . __

4 T h e re w ere tw o w ed d in g s a fte r an e xp e r im e n t in

N e w Y o rk . __

5 S ta n d in g up stra igh t is a good w ay to keep som eone ’s

a ttention .

6 A p e rso n w i l l c o p y y o u r b o d y language i f they th in k

you are in te re s t ing . __

7 It is im p o s s ib le to k n o w i f som eone is s m il in g w hen

you 're ta lk in g to th em on the phone. __

8 O fte n w h e n one pe rson sm ile s , o th e r peop le sm ile too . __

c L is te n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 72 .

USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASESL e a rn th ese w ords and p hrases.

ca n d le / 'k tend l/

co m m u te r /ka 'm yutor/

cu te /kyu t/

l ik e ly /T a ik li/

ra ise the b a r r ie r /re iz ðə 'bteriar/

add ic ted to (sth) /a'drktad ta/

n ig h t sh if ts / 'n a it Jifts/

tu rn ou t (to be) /ta rn 'ao t/

exchange a few w o rd s / ik s 't je in d 3 ə fy u w ardz/

f in d the cou rage (to do sth) /farnd ðə 'k a n d 3/

& M l FILE 5

35

Practical English

1 PERMISSION AND REQUESTSa C o m p le te th e re que s ts w it h th e c o r r e c t fo rm o f

th e v e rb s in th e bo x .

d o join pass meet take visit

b M a tc h th e requests f ro m a w ith th e re spon se s a - f.

a O f cou rse no t. Take a seat,

b Su re . H e re it is.

c Yes, o f cou rse . W h a t t im e ’s y o u r tra in ?

d ]t dep end s w h a t i t is!

e N o t at a ll. W h e n d o you land?

f Su re . W h ic h day w o u ld be best?

2 SOCIAL ENGLISHC o m p le te th e d ia lo g u e .

Jay Dan! It’s great t o 1 see you.Dan You too, Jay. I t ’s been years.Jay H ow 2 c____________ you’re so late?Dan My flig h t was delayed, and then I had to w ait

forever fo r a taxi.

Jay Well, you're here now. Do you want something to eat?

Dan N o 3 w_____________ , man! I want to go outand see the city!

Jay Don’t you want to unpack firs t?

Dan No, I can do th a t later. But I’ll take a shower, if you d o n 't4 m____________ .

Jay Sure. Go ahead.

Dan This is great. You and me ge tting ready to go out.

Jay Yeah. It’s jus t like the o ld 5 d____________ .

Dan OK, I’m ready. Let’s go. We have a lo t to 61____________ about.

Old friends

T he US is huge, so f ly in g is th e q u ic k e s t w a y to ge t a ro u n d

th e c o u n t r y I t c a n b e e x p e n s iv e th o u g h , so h e re a re som e

o th e r w a y s o f g e tt in g a ro u n d .

I f y o u a re n 't i n a h u r ry , th e b e s t a lte rn a t iv e is to go b y car. Y o u

h a ve to b e a t le a s t 25 y e a rs o ld to re n t a c a r in th e States, an d y o u n e e d a v a l id d r iv e r 's l ic e n s e a n d a m a jo r c re d it c a rd to d o so.

T h e re a re a lo t o f re n ta l c a r co m pan ie s , a n d th e ir p r ic e s v a r y a

lo t. C o m p a re co m p a n ie s b e fo re y o u d e c id e w h ic h one to use, a n d re m e m b e r it c a n b e ch e a p e r to b o o k fo r a w e e k th a n fo r a day.

I f y o u p re fe r to b e d r iv e n r a th e r th a n d r iv in g y o u r s e l f th e

n e x t b e s t w a y to t ra v e l is b y bu s. G re y h o u n d is th e m a jo r lo n g

d is ta n c e b u s com pany , a n d it h a s ro u te s th ro u g h th e U S a n d C a n a d a . T ic k e ts a re m u c h c h e a p e r i f y o u b u y th e m se v e n d a y s

in a d van ce , a n d th e re a re o fte n o th e r o ffe rs . I f y o u 're t ra v e lin g

w it h a f r ie n d , y o u r c o m p a n io n ge ts 50% o f f i f y o u b u y the

t ic k e ts th re e d a y s b e fo re y o u tra ve l, a n d c h i ld r e n b e tw e e n th e

ages o f tw o a n d e le v e n g e t a 40% d is co u n t.

A n a lte rn a t iv e to u s in g th e b u s is to ta k e th e t r a in . A m t r a k

is th e A m e r ic a n r a i l co m pany , a n d it h a s lo n g -d is ta n c e l in e s

c o n n e c t in g a l l o f th e b ig g e s t c it ie s . It a lso r u n s b u se s f ro m

m a jo r s ta t io n s to s m a lle r to w n s a n d n a t io n a l p a rk s . F a re s v a r y d e p e n d in g o n th e t y p e o f t r a in a n d th e seat, b u t y o u n e e d to

re s e rv e a t le a s t th re e d a y s a h e a d to g e t a d is c o u n t . S tu d e n ts

w it h a n in te r n a t io n a l s tu d e n t c a rd ge t 15% o f f th e r e g u la r fa re .

B r in g y o u r o w n fo o d b e ca u se th e d in in g c a r is e x p e n s iv e .

a R e a d th e te x t a n d a n sw e r th e q u e s t io n s .

1 W h a t d o you need to re n t a ca r in the U S ?

You need a valid driver’s license and a major credit card.______

2 W h a t is the d iffe re n ce be tw een a l l the ca r re n ta l com pan ie s?

3 W h e re does the G re y h o u n d bus co m pan y operate?

4 H o w can you save m oney i f you 're t ra v e lin g a lone b y bus?

5 H o w m u ch do studen ts pay o n A m t r a k tra in s?

6 W h a t sh ou ld lo n g -d is ta n ce r a i l passengers ta ke w ith them ?

b U n d e r l in e f iv e w o rd s o r p h ra se s y o u d o n ’t k n o w . U s e y o u r

d ic t io n a r y to lo o k u p th e ir m e a n in g a n d p ro n u n c ia t io n .

3 READING it * I

1 C o u ld you do m e a b ig favor?

2 D o you m in d i f I _________________you?

3 W o u ld you m in d ________________ m e at

the a irp o r t?

4 Is it O K i f w e _________________m y paren ts

th is w eekend?

5 C a n y o u ________________ the sa lt?

6 D o you th in k you c o u ld ________________

m e to the t ra in s ta tion?

Listening

1 A)))H ost W elcom e back to the show'. Today,

we’ve been d iscu ss in g Teresa G o ld 's a rt ic le The Truth About Healthy Eating. A n d now it's t im e fo r you, the listeners, to te ll us w hat you th in k . T he lines are open, so a ll you have to do is ca ll 1 -800-555 -5792 and ta lk to one o f ou r operators. T ha t's 1 -800-555-5792.A n d it lo o ks lik e we have o u r f ir s t ca lle r. K e v in from M ia m i, te ll us w hat you th in k about the artic le .

Kevin W ell, l 'd lik e to say that I don 't agree w ith the a rt ic le at a ll. I don 't eat m any fru its o r vegetables, and I'm pe rfe c tly healthy. I haven't ca lled in sick to w o rk fo r years - 1 can 't rem em ber the last tim e I had to stay in bed. T h is five - a-day th in g is garbage, isn ’t it?

H ost U m ... th ank you, K e v in . 1 th in k we have another ca lle r on lin e two.K a te fro m C h icago , are you there?

K ate Yes, I am. W e ll, I'm su re the w rite r know s w hat she's ta lk in g about, bu t it isn 't that easy. I mean, i t ’s hard enough to get k id s to eat vegetables at the best o f tim es, bu t w ith a l l these burger and p iz za places around, it's a lm ost im possib le . O nce they get the taste fo r ju n k food , you can forget the five-a-day, tha t’s fo r sure!

H ost T hanks , Ka te . A n d w ho 's ou r next ca lle r?

Derek U m , m y name's D e rek and I'm fro m W ash ing ton , D .C .

H ost A n d w hat do you th in k , Derek?Derek W e ll, I'd lik e to say that 1 th in k

that the a rt ic le is righ t. I mean, the w rite r ta lks about eating a lo t o f fru its and vegetables, w h ich is som eth ing that we've always done in m y fam ily . M y m om 's a great cook. She always uses com p lete ly n a tu ra l ingred ien ts in her cook ing , and we're a lm ost never s ic k ....

Host T h a n k you, Derek. L e t ’s go back to line tw o again, where we have Rosie from Boston. Rosie, what's your op in ion?

Rosie W ell, the w rite r seems to th in k that A L L fru its and vegetables are good fo r you, and I don ’t th in k that's true. I mean, what about potatoes? They con ta in a lot o f carbohydrates, w h ich can make you gain weight ify o u aren't care fu l - it ’s even worse i f you fry them. A n d then some fru its, lik e melon fo r example, have

a lo t o f sugar. Personally, I th in k you shou ld eat a litt le o f everyth ing and not too m uch o f one thing.

H ost Thanks , Rosie. A n d that's a ll we have tim e fo r today. W e 'll be speak ing to the w rite r o f the artic le after the break.

1 B)))Terry I ’m exhausted!Jane M e too. I haven't stopped a l l day.Terry N e ith e r have I.Jane O h , w e ll. I guess i t ' l l get easier

when the k id s g row up.Terry D o you th in k so?Jane O f course. W h en they ’re older,

th ey 'll be m ore independent. W e w on 't have to do eve ry th ing fo r them anym ore.

Terry A n d how long w il l that take? Five, s ix years? O r m aybe never!

Jane Lo o k , w ha t’s the prob lem , Terry?Terry N o th in g . It's just that we never

have tim e fo r each o the r these days. W e're a lways w ith the kids!

Jane Bu t that's w hat happens w hen you have k ids. I t ' l l get better!

Terry I don 't k n o w ... M y parents were ta lk in g about us go ing to live w ith them. D o you th in k it w ou ld be easier fo r us i f we lived w ith my parents?

Jane W e ll, I guess it'd have its advantages.

Terry Yeah, I m ean fo r one th in g there'd a lways be som eone to take care o f the k ids.

Jane T h a t sounds good.Terry A n d we cou ld go out in the

even ing w ith ou t the k ids. Just im ag ine that!

Jane H m rn . T h a t doesn 't rea lly m atter to me.

Terry A n d there w ou ld be m ore people to share the housew ork, too. It w ou ldn ’t a lways be the same person w ho does the shopp ing , c leans the house, and cooks the meals.

Jane Yes, but there w ou ld be m ore people in the house, so there w ou ld be m ore w'ork to do. S hopp ing and cook in g fo r s ix isn ’t the same as do ing it fo r four.

Terry I guess so.Jane A n d another disadvantage is that

we w ou ldn 't have any privacy.Terry True.

Jane A n d you know w hat you r parents are like . T hey le t the k id s do eve ry th ing they w ant to do.

Terry H m rn . I guess you don ’t w ant to m ove in w ith m y parents, then.

Jane N o t really, no. W o u ld you like to move in w ith m ine?

Terry N o , d e fin ite ly n o t ... A ctua lly , th ing s aren 't so bad r ig h t now.

Jane I agree.Terry A n d the k id s w il l be o lde r soon.Jane Yes, they w il l.Terry Tha t's settled then. W e're

stay ing here.Jane Fine.

2 A)))Speaker 1 : C a n I live on m y sa lary?

W e ll, I don 't rea lly have many prob lem s, because I’m s t i l l l iv in g w ith m y m om and dad. D o n 't get me w rong,I give m y m om some m oney fo r rent, but it ’s d e fin ite ly m uch cheaper than liv in g on you r ow n. I a c tua lly have a pretty good sa la ry - I'm a graph ic designer. I don 't rea lly spend m uch - 1 buy som e new c lo thes every now and then, and I have to put gas in m y car, o f course, bu t apart from that, it 's rea lly just go ing out on the weekends. M o s t o f m y m oney goes in to a savings account so that I can buy m y o w n house one day.

Speaker 2 : I f in d it rea lly hard to live on m y in com e because I o n ly have a part-tim e job. B e ing on m y ow n w ith m y daughter m eans that m y m om has to take care o f he r when I'm at w ork . A t least I don 't have to pay fo r ch ildcare! T he house we live in is rented, so that's where m ost o f the m oney goes. I don 't th in k I’ll ever be able to a ffo rd ou r ow n place because the bank w on 't give me a mortgage. A p a r t fro m the rent, my m oney goes to food and c lo thes fo r my daughter. S t i l l, I shou ldn ’t com p la in . I have an am az ing daughter, and that's a ll that rea lly matters.

Speaker 3: I th in k I'm rea lly lucky.I ’m pretty hea lthy fo r my age, l have enough m oney to live on, and I have my ch ild re n and g randch ild ren ! W h e n I say I have enough money, I don 't go on any fancy vacations o r any th ing like that. But I 'm com fortab le . I’ve pa id the m ortgage, so th a t ’s one less expense,

69

and l don 't have any loans to pay either. M y one lit t le lu xu ry is go ing out fo r lu n ch a few tim es a week w ith some friends. I guess tha t’s where m ost o f my m oney goes - on food!

S p e a k e r 4 : C a n we live on ou r salaries? W e ll, I'm not so sure, actually! M y husband is a teacher, so he doesn't earn that much - de fin ite ly not enough to raise tw o ch ild ren! T ha t means I have to work, too - 1 have a fu ll-t im e job at the lo ca l superm arket. A n d really, that's o u r biggest problem , because we need someone to take care o f the ch ildren.O u r babysitter costs a fortune -w e spend m ore on ch ild care than we do on our mortgage! Then there's food and new clothes fo r the ch ild ren , too. Honestly , it isn 't cheap having k ids these days!

2 B)))H ost A n d now to end the show w ith an

in sp ira t io n a l story, we have John to te ll us about an in c red ib le trip .

John Yes, th ank you, N o ra . H ave you ever thought about tra ve lin g around the w o rld and try in g to help people as you go? W e ll that's w hat an A m e r ican fa the r and h is tw o adopted sons are cu rren tly do ing. j.D . L e w is is a single parent and a fo rm e r actor. H e ’s taken h is sons, Jackson, age 14 and Buck, age 9, out o f schoo l fo r a year to make the tr ip w ith h im . A n d th e ir p lan is to help people a long the way by do ing vo lunteer ch a r ity w ork.

H ost T h a t sounds w onderfu l, bu t it m ust be an expensive tr ip . H o w m uch w il l it a ll cost?

John It's go ing to cost them $3 0 0 ,0 0 0 do lla rs in total.

H ost Tha t's a lo t o f money. H o w d id they a ffo rd it?

John W e ll, J.D L e w is d id n 't have a ll the money, so he set up an o rgan iza tion ca lled Twelve in Twelve to help raise money, and w ith the help o f in d iv idu a ls and som e com pan ies, they managed to ra ise the money.

H ost Twelve in Twelve - that's an unusua l name. W h y d id he ca ll it that?

John F o r a very good reason. N o t on ly is th e ir t r ip go ing to last twelve m onths, bu t th e ir p lan is to v is it twelve coun tries. T h is m onth , they're in A u s tra lia , where they're w o rk in g w ith the m ost im p o rtan t e thn ic group in the reg ion - the A bo r ig in e s . J .D and h is fa m ily are he lp ing to get m edical supp lies to these people, w ho o ften live a long way fro m the m ajo r c ities.

H ost A n d is that the f ir s t place they've v isited?

John Oh, no. So fa r they ’ve v is ited seven coun tries . T h e ir f ir s t stop was Russ ia , where they took care o f babies in an orphanage in the c ity o f Tom sk. F rom there, they traveled to C h in a , where they w orked w ith ch ild re n w ith physica l d isa b ilit ie s in Be ijing . Then , they flew to T h a ila n d where they helped take care o f the an im a ls at the E lephan t N a tu re Park.

H ost W h a t a varie ty o f places. W here d id they go next?

John T h e ir next stop was India, where they worked w ith ch ild ren in the poorest d is tr ic t o f the c ity o f H ub li. Then they left A s ia and flew to A fr ic a . In Rwanda, they taught E ng lish to ch ild ren w ho had lo st the ir parents in the c iv il war. From there, they went to Zanz iba r, an island o f f the coast o f Tanzan ia .

H ost T h a t sounds very exotic! W h a t d id they do there?

John T hey helped fa m ilie s prepare an a rt fa ir, where they cou ld se ll th ing s that they had made. N ext, they went to Kenya, where they w ro te and acted in a play w ith ch ild re n w ho have H IV .

H ost Wow', I bet that was very rew ard ing. D id they go anyw here else in A fr ic a ?

John No, that was the end o f A fr ic a . F rom Kenya, they f lew to A ustra lia , w h ich is w'here they are r ig h t now.

H ost A l l that sounds am azing , but the ir t r ip isn ’t over, is it?

John No, J.D. and h is fam ily s t il l have fou r places to go: An ta rc tica , Paraguay, Peru, and H a it i. N o t on ly are they try ing to do th ings to help other people, but they are hop ing to learn a lo t o f new th ings themselves. A n d J.D. L ew is hopes that the Twelve in Twelve o rgan iza tion w il l encourage o the r fam ilie s to do what he has done w ith h is sons.

H ost W e ll, good lu ck to J.D . L e w is and h is fa m ily on the rest o f th e ir incred ib le tr ip . A n d th a t ’s a ll we have tim e fo r ton ight, jo in us again tom orrow ' when w e’l l be b r in g in g you m ore rea l-life stories.

3 A)))S p e a k e r 1: O n e m o rn in g la st w in te r, I

was d r iv in g to w o rk late when m y ce ll phone rang. I knew it was m y boss, so I answered it. Sudden ly, the van in fro n t o f me stopped because there wras som eone cro ss ing the road. I was ta lk in g to m y boss, so I reacted too late, and m y ca r w ent in to the back o f the

van. L u ck ily , I was d r iv in g rea lly s low ly at the tim e, so I d id n 't do m uch damage to the van, but the fro n t o f m y ca r was a real mess. S ince then, I never use my phone when I'm d riv ing .

S p e a k e r 2: I was d r iv in g to C o lo rado one sum m er to v is it m y parents, w ho live in Denver. It’s a long tr ip , so I had taken m y M P 3 player w ith me to connect to the car rad io . S u rp ris in g ly , there w asn 't m uch tra ff ic on the freeway, so I a rr ived in D enve r pretty qu ick ly . How ever, I w as hav ing such a good tim e lis te n in g to m y m usic, that I com plete ly m issed the ex its fo r Denver. I d id n 't rea lize u n t il I had gone another 20 m iles, so I had to tu rn around and d rive a ll the way back again! It just goes to show w hat can happen when you aren 't concentra ting .

S p e a k e r 3 : W e were on vacation last year, w hen we had a lit t le accident.W e were go ing som ewhere we'd never been before, so we were fo llo w in g the in s tru c t ion s on my G P S . W e heard on the rad io that there'd been a b ig accident on one o f the roads \ve needed to trave l on, so I started ad justing my G P S to f in d a d iffe ren t road to take. I took m y eyes o f f the road and suddenly we came to a sharp tu rn in the road. I saw the tu rn too late, so I w ent stra ight ahead and drove in to the m idd le o f a fie ld . W e were rea lly lucky, though, because no one was hurt.

S p e a k e r 4 : I don 't u sua lly get up early enough to put m y m akeup on, so I u sua lly put it on in m y car. W e ll, I used to put it on in the ca r - now I w a it u n til I get to m y o ffice . T h a t ’s because I had k in d o f a shock the o the r week, w hen 1 a lm ost d id n ’t stop at a crossw a lk . I was lo o k in g in the m ir ro r instead o f at the road, so I d idn 't see th is lit t le boy run out— to te ll you the tru th , I h adn 't even seen tha t there was a c ro ssw a lk there. I just had tim e to step on the brakes and I m issed the lit t le boy by about an in ch . I was rea lly shocked a fte rw ard , though.

S p e a k e r 5 : I was d r iv in g in to tow n to meet m y g ir lfr ie n d fo r d in ne r when she sent me a text message. I decided to read it, in case it was im portan t. A nyw ay, the message sa id that m y g ir lfr ie n d was a lready at the restaurant, and I w anted he r to know that I was go ing to be a lit t le late, so when I stopped at a red ligh t, 1 started to w rite a reply. But I d id n 't notice when the t ra ff ic lig h t tu rned green, and the car beh ind crashed in to the back o f me.

70

T he d r iv e r o f the car sa id he though t I w'as go ing to s ta rt d r iv in g , so he m oved fo rw a rd and h it me. O f course I d idn 't te ll h im I was texting.

3 B)»H ost T rad it io n a lly in the U S , w om en

have cooked m ore than men, but it looks as though th ings m igh t be chang ing . A c co rd in g to a recent survey by a frozen foods company, a lm ost h a lf o f a ll m en in th is coun try now prepare the fam ily meals. A n d they aren't just do ing it because they have to - it ’s because they enjoy it. T he survey show ed that 44 percent o f m en w ho were questioned do a ll o f the cook ing , and su rp r is in g ly , 15 percent o f w om en questioned said that they d idn 't know how to cook. So it seems as i f m en are m ov ing in to the k itchen , and maybe w om en are m ov ing out. Is th is good news? W h a t do you th in k ? C a l l us at 1 -800 -555 -3364 and te ll us you r o p in io n . I 'l l g ive you tha t num ber a g a in - th a t 's 1-800-555-3364.

A n d here's ou r f ir s t ca lle r, N ic k from San D e igo , C a lifo rn ia . N ic k , w hat do you th in k about th is new trend?

N ic k I'm p re tty excited to see m ore m en in the k itchen . In fact, I’m one o f them! I lo s t m y job a few m onths ago, and now I do a ll the cook in g at home.I m ake a d iffe ren t d ish every day, and som etim es I m eet up w ith m y friends to exchange recipes. M y g ir lfr ie n d says she rea lly lik e s m y food , and she even th in k s that I shou ld tra in to be a p ro fess iona l c h e f I’m seriously th in k in g about do in g that.

H ost W ell, good lu ck to you, N ick . W h o 's o u r next ca lle r? A h , yes ... It’s Eve fro m Seattle, W ash ing ton . D o you cook, Eve?

E v e N o , I don 't. B u t m y husband does. H e 's a m uch better cook than I am , so we decided from the b eg inn ing tha t he w'ould do a ll the cook ing . A n d he makes some great m eals - m ostly cu rr ie s . But there ’s one problem .

H ost W h a t ’s that, Eve?E v e H e m akes a te rrib le m ess in the

k itchen , and I have to clean up after h im . I don ’t know' w ha t’s worse, actua lly , coo k in g m yse lf o r c lean ing the k itchen!

H ost O h , com e on E v e - i t can ’t be that bad! N o w I th in k we have som eone on lin e 2. Yes, i t ’s F ran k fro m H artfo rd . W h a t do you th in k about m en tak ing over the k itchen , F rank?

Frank W e ll, I’m not su rp rised , to be honest w ith you. It seems to me that g ir ls are getting la z ie r and la z ie r these days - i t ’s on ly the o lde r m om s and grandm others w ho know how to cook.I mean, how can a w om an get m arried i f she can ’t cook?! I th in k it ’s a disgrace!

H ost T h a n k you, F rank . So, n o t a l l o f o u r lis teners th in k i t ’s a good th ing. H o w about ou r next ca lle r, M a rt in a , c a llin g from Sou th F lo r id a ? Is it good news o r bad news fo r you, M a rt in a ?

M artina G o o d news. D e fin ite ly . In m y house, 1 do a ll the cook ing . M y boy fr iend doesn’t cook at a ll - he can ’t even fry an egg! I mean, we bo th w ork fu ll tim e, so w hy can ’t we share the cook ing? I’m rea lly fed up w ith it, I rea lly am. B u t I’m rea lly happy fo r a ll those w om en out there w ho have found a real man. I know' how you feel when you have to do eve ry th ing y o u rse lf

H ost L e t ’s hope M a r t in a ’s boy friend is lis ten ing , so that he know s how she feels. W e ’l l take som e m ore ca lls after the break.

4 A)))Speaker 1: I su ffe r from asthm a and

I u sua lly ca rry an in h a le r around w ith me just in case I get an attack. Anyw ay, I w as on a w o rk t r ip - 1 was in P a r is - 1 had fo rgo tten m y inha ler, and I w'as hav ing p rob lem s breath ing. So I w en t to a pharm acy and asked fo r “un asp ira teur,” w h ich I though t was the F rench w ord fo r inha le r. I rea lized it w asn 't w hen the g ir ls beh ind the coun ter looked very confused. It tu rned out that I had asked fo r a vacuum cleaner, “asp ira teur,” instead o f an inha le r, “ inha la teu r.”

Speaker 2 : I was in Istanbu l w ith a T u rk ish fr iend o f m ine , and we decided that we w anted to buy som e bread. I wanted to try out the T u rk ish I knew, so I said that I w ou ld ask fo r it. S o we found th is t in y lit t le store and we went in . I said to the sa lesperson in my best voice “ taze e rkek” w h ich I thought m eant “fresh bread.” U n fo rtuna te ly ,1 got the w ord fo r bread “ekm ek” con fused w ith the w ord fo r m an “erkek,” so w hat I had ac tua lly asked fo r was “a fresh young m an.” L u ck ily , m y fr ie nd came to m y rescue and asked fo r the bread co rrectly , but I fe lt a lit t le em barrassed!

Speaker 3 : I w as 14, and I w as on an exchange v is it w ith my schoo l in M ad r id . It was the f ir s t n ight, and 1 was

at hom e w ith m y Span ish host fam ily , the G a rc ias , hav ing d inner. We'd fin ish ed the m a in course and it was tim e fo r dessert, so the w ife , M a r ia , asked me i f I'd lik e some fru it . I saw' some bananas in the f ru it bow l, so I asked fo r a “p latdn,” at w h ich po in t the w ho le fa m ily looked at me strangely. They then exp la ined to me that I ’d ac tua lly asked fo r a large plate. “ P la ton ” m eans “ large p late” whereas “banana” is “p latano.”

Speaker 4 : 1 was in R io D e Janeiro in B ra z il w ith m y husband, and it was a very hot day, so we decided to take a break from o u r sightseeing. W e found a street vendor se llin g co ld d r in k s and snacks near the beach. I was so hot and tire d that I q u ick ly ordered w hat I thought was ice cream . 1 said “um a cosqu inha p o r favor.” A s soon as I ’d f in ish ed speak ing , the street vendor bu rst out laugh ing . H e qu ick ly apo log ized and exp la ined in E ng lish that I ’d asked h im fo r a tick le and not ice cream . T ic k le in Portuguese is “co squ inha” and ice cream is “casqu inha.”

Speaker 5 : I ’m an A m e r ican liv in g in K o rea . U sua lly , I can com m unica te p re tty w e ll in K o rean . I speak Korean w ith m y w ife every day, and 1 have a tu to r tha t I meet w ith every week to p ractice m y conversation sk ills . So, one day I w ent to the store to buy a few th ings. 1 u sua lly take m y young son w ith me, but he w asn 't w ith me th is p a rt icu la r day. W h en the sa lesperson asked me about m y son, m y answer confused her because 1 acc identa lly said “eh-jeh uhb-suh-yo,” w h ich m eans “ lie 's dead.” W h a t I m eant to say was “Y u h -g i uhb -suh -yo” w h ich means “he’s not here.”

4B )|H ost H e llo and w elcom e to The

Traveler’s Guide. N ow , la st week we asked o u r lis teners w ho are go ing to trave l abroad to send us th e ir questions about good m anners in o the r coun tries, and we’ve in v ited ou r resident expert R u th D em psey to the show to answer them . W e lcom e to the program , Ru th .

Ruth T h a n k you.Host So the f ir s t question, R u th . T h is

com es fro m K a ty in Denver, w ho is go ing to trave l around T h a ila n d next sum m er. K a ty w ants to know w hat she shou ld do when she f ir s t meets people in Tha iland .

71

Ruth W e ll, K a ty , m ost o f the tim e, a s im p le handshake w i l l be fine. B u t i f som eone gives you a “ w a i”, that is a sm a ll bow w ith the hands held together close to the body, you m ust do the same. But, i f the person is o f low er so c ia l status than you, so i f they are younger than you, o r they are a waiter, fo r exam ple, you shou ldn ’t re tu rn the “w a i.”

Host V e ry use fu l advice, R u th . T he next question is fro m M a rk in D a lla s , who is go ing to B ra z i l w ith h is g ir lfr ie nd , to meet her fam ily fo r the firs t time.H e asks: “ Is there an y th in g I shou ld o r shou ldn 't do?”

Ruth L ik e A m erican s, B ra z ilia n s are very w arm , friend ly , and open. How ever, there are a few d iffe rences to rem em ber. A lw ays say th ank you w hen som eone opens a doo r fo r you, o ffe rs you som eth ing to eat o r d r in k , o r even w hen you r g ir lfr ie n d 's m other d ea rs the plates from the table. It's very im p o rta n t to be po lite . A lso , don ’t speak w hen you have food in you r m outh. B ra z ilia n s f in d th is in c red ib ly rude.

Host T h a t sounds lik e good advice fo r you, M a rk . O K , ou r next question is fro m Julie in O k lahom a C ity . She ’s go ing to G reece on vacation, but doesn 't speak the language. She asks: “S in ce I don ’t speak any G reek , I ’l l be com m un ica ting m ostly w ith m y hands. A re there any gestures I shou ldn ’t use?'

Ruth Abso lu te ly , Ju lie. The m ost im p o rtan t one to rem em ber is the “ thum bs up,” w h ich in the U S m eans “good” o r “ O K .” But it is very in su lt in g to a G re e k person. A n o th e r one is the U S hand gesture fo r “stop,” where you show som eone you r hand w ith you r finge rs s tra igh t together, lik e a po lice o ffice r. B u t aga in th is is an in su lt in G reece.

Host G o o d luck, Ju lie. A n d we have tim e fo r one m ore, and th is question is fro m Kend ra in C h icago . She's go ing to Sou th K o re a fo r w ork, and she w ou ld lik e som e tip s on business behav io r over there.

Ruth T he m ost im p o rtan t th ing to rem em ber is that Sou th K o re an s lik e to bow a lo t. A s a fore igner, you w on 't be expected to, bu t it is a good way o f show ing respect, and the deeper you bow , the happ ie r you are.

Host Very in teresting . R u th Dem psey, thank you fo r jo in in g us.

Ruth M y pleasure.Host A n d w e 'll be r ig h t back a fte r a

cheek o f the headlines.

5 A)))Host W elcom e back to the show. W e ’ve

been ta lk in g about fam ous sports cheaters on today's program , and now we’re go ing to hear about another scandal. T he sp o rt was badm in ton , and the venue was the 2012 O lym p ic G am es in London . Tom is here to te ll us about it. H i, Tom .

Tom H e llo , everybody.Host So w ho was invo lved in the

scandal, Tom ?Tom W ell, the scandal in vo lved fou r

o f the team s in the w om en ’s doubles com petition . In tota l, e ight p layers were d isq u a lif ie d fo r cheating: tw o pa irs fro m South Korea , a p a ir from C h in a , and a p a ir fro m Indonesia.

Host A n d w hat exactly happened?Tom W ell, bas ica lly the teams played

bad ly on pu rpose to m ake sure they lost th e ir matches.

Host W h y w ou ld they do that?Tom W e ll, to exp la in that I’ l l very

qu ick ly te ll you about how the com petition w orks. T he matches are d iv id ed in to d iffe ren t stages. Team s play against o ther teams in th e ir group in the f ir s t stage, and i f they w in , they play in the next stage. So som etim es, a team m igh t get a good opponent very early in the com petition , w h ich m eans it m igh t not get th rough to the next stage.

Host G o t it. S o when d id the cheating happen?

Tom W ell, the p rob lem started on the last day o f the f ir s t stage. In the m o rn in g , the f ir s t C h in e se team won its m atch, f in is h in g second in its group. T he second C h ine se team was go ing to play against a South K o rean team that even ing, and w h ichever team w on that m atch w ou ld m ost lik e ly play against the f ir s t C h ine se team in the next stage.

Host W h y w'as th is a prob lem ?Tom N e ith e r team w anted to play

aga inst the f ir s t C h in e se team because the Sou th K o rean team was sure it w ou ld lose, and the second C h ine se team d id n ’t w ant to play aga inst a team from the same coun try yet, because that w ou ld m ean that on ly one C h ine se team was le ft to t ry to w in a m edal. So bo th team s tried to lose aga inst each o the r instead.

Host H o w d id they do that?

Tom W e ll, bo th the Sou th K o reans and the second C h in e se team started m iss in g shots. W h en they served, they e ither h it the shu ttlecock in to the net o r they h it it so hard that it w ent outside the lin e s on the court. In the end, they looked lik e am ateurs, w hen in fact, they were som e o f the best p layers in the w orld .

Host So w'ho lost the match?Tom T he second C h ine se team. South

K o re a beat them in bo th sets.Host W h a t about the o the r tw o teams?Tom W e ll, they tr ied to do exactly the

same th in g in the next match.Host W h ic h teams were these again?Tom Indonesia and another South

K o rean pair.Host So in bo th matches, the teams

tr ied to lose instead o f try in g to w in so they ’d have a better chance o f w in n in g a medal. Is tha t righ t?

Tom Yes. T h a t ’s exactly w hat happened. A n d it was rea lly obv ious, too - a ll the spectators started boo ing , it w as so bad. A fte r the second m atch, there was an in vestiga tion and a ll e ight p layers were d isqua lif ied .

Host A n d w hat about the com petition? D id it stop there?

Tom No, it con tinued w ithou t the d isqu a lif ie d players.

Host A n d w ho w on the go ld m edal in the end?

Tom T he f ir s t C h ine se team . They beat the Japanese team in bo th sets. A c tu a lly , it was a very good match!

Host Tom , thanks fo r jo in in g us.Tom M y pleasure.

5 B)))Host H e llo , and w elcom e to the show.

Now , a lo t o f research has been done recently about love, w ha t causes it, and w hat we do to a ttract someone. M a ry is in the stud io w ith us today, and she ’s go ing to exp la in the resu lts o f som e o f these stud ies to us. M a ry , w elcom e to the show.

Mary H e llo .Host L e t ’s s ta rt w ith how to meet new

people. Som e people lik e to s ta rt a conversation w ith a person they lik e by say ing som eth ing funny. B u t how usefu l is th is?

Mary N o t very use fu l at a ll I’m afra id , Jeremy. Research show s that on ly 7% o f a ttra c t ion has an y th in g to do w ith w hat you say. I t ’s the tone and the speed o f y ou r voice that m ake a d ifference. T h is m akes up 38% o f the a ttraction .

72

Bu t the m ost im p o rtan t th in g o f a ll is body language. T h is con tribu tes to a massive 55% o f the attraction .

Host So w hat can we do to im p rove our body language?

Mary W e ll, it seems that the best w'ay to m ake the person you ’re ta lk in g to fee l attracted to you is to lo o k in to the ir eves. A n A m e r ican psycho log ist d id an expe rim en t about th is in N ew York . H e got com plete strangers to stare in to each o the r's eyes fo r tw o m inu tes w ithou t ta lk ing . A fte rw 'ard , m any o f the coup les sa id that they had strong fee lings o f a ttra c t ion to each other, and one o f the coup les even got m arried !

Host R ea lly? T hen sta r ing m ust be the th in g to do! Is there any m ore advice on body language?

Mary W e ll, i t ’s im p o rtan t to have a re laxed body pos ition . You need to show the o the r person that you 're com fo rtab le be ing w ith them . A lso , try no t to be fa r away fro m them.O f course, there is a com fortab le d istance, bu t try lean ing a lit t le c loser to them than usual, it w i l l show you 're interested, and ho ld th e ir a ttention better. D o n ’t forget to w atch th e ir body language, too. I f they p o s it io n th e ir body in a s im ila r way to you, it means they f in d you in teresting , too. T h is is ca lled m irro r in g .

Host Is there an y th in g that seems to w o rk w e ll w hen you 're ta lk in g to som eone you 're attracted to?

Mary N o t su rp ris ing ly , it seems that y o u 'll have a better chance i f you sm ile . A nyone w ho 's ever spoken to som eone on the phone w i l l te ll you tha t it 's easy to te ll when the o the r person is sm ilin g , because you can hear it in th e ir voice. W hen ta lk in g to a po ten tia l partner, a sm ile w il l no t o n ly a ffect y ou r tone o f voice, keep ing it lig h t and fun , but it w i l l a lso show the o the r person that you are happy to be w ith them. A n d don 't forget that a sm ile is extrem ely contag ious, and before long the o ther person w i l l be sm ilin g back at you. T h is w i l l m ake them feel happier, a fee ling that they w il l qu ick ly connect w ith you.

Host H o w in teresting , and very true! U n fo rtuna te ly , th a t ’s a l l we have tim e fo r now, M a ry , but th ank you so m uch fo r jo in in g us.

Mary Y ou ’re welcom e.

73

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Wavebrcak Media ttd./Corbis; pg.6 (market) Alessandro Della Valle/Keystone/Corbis, (Steve) Steve Anderson; pg.7 (escargot) Miscellaneoustoc k/Alamy, (shrimp) Yiap Creative/Alamy, (dessert) Davide Piras/Alamy, (chicken) lain Bagwell/Getty Images, (mussels) Steve Anderson; pg.8 Gerard Fritz/Getty Images; pg.9 (bike) PhotoAlto/Superstock, (grandma) Rena Latham-Koenig; pg.10 Tim Lott; p g .ll (Sarah Lee) Loop Images Ltd/Alamy, (girl) ableimages/ Alamy, (siblings) Inti St. Clair, Inc./SupeiStock/Corbis; pg.14 (man) Judith Haensler/cultura/Corbis, (car) Car Culture/Corbis, (woman) Alexey Tkachenko/Getty Images, (bkgd) Lostandtalcen.com; pg. 15 Steve Stock/Alamy, pg.17 Ringo Chiu/ZUMAPRESS/Newscom; pg.18 Jane Cadwallader; pg.20 (lizard) Martin Harvey/Alamy. (woman) BBC. (bird) John Cancalosi/Getty Images, (butterfly) Stockbyte/Getty Images; pg.21 (mosquito) Redmond Durrell/Alamy, (kayak) BBC. (dolphin) Kevin Schafer/Corbis, (fish) boiyak/istockphoto; pg.23 (Goodwill) Goodwill Industries International; pg.24 (Miami) Murat ■fiuier/Getty Images, (bkgd) Maciej Noskowski/Getty Images; pg.25 (Lotus) Nick Greening/Alaniy, (Foust) Bo Bridges/Corbis. (seaplane) Jad Davenport/National Geographic Sodety/Corbis, (Wood) Frederick M. Brown/Getty Images. (Ferrera) Andres Otero/WENN/Newscom, (boat) OUP/Amana Images Inc.; pg.26 Don Mason/Blend Images/ Corbis; pg.27 Belinda Images/SuperStock; pg.29 (men) Tim Klein/ Getty Images, (women) Westend61/Superstock; pg.30 (camo) CollinsChin/istockphoto.coni; pg.36 Michael Cogliantry/Getty Images; pg.37 (1) Carlo A/Getty Images, (2) Lilly Roadstones/Getty Images, (3) miya227/shutterstock, (4) Brtiderchen & Schwesterchen GmbH/Corbis, (5) Tara Moore/Getty Images. (6) Radius Images/Getty Images, (Alex) OUP; pg.38 (old phone) Ninette Maumus/Alamy; pg.39 John Lund/Paula Zacharias/Blend Images/Corbis; pg.40 (left) Murray Sanders/SWNS.com, (right) James Dadzitis/SWNS.com; pg.43 (conductor) Charles Eshelnian/FilmMagjc/Getty Images, (bikes) Steven Gieaves/Corbis; pg.44 (1) Richard Drury/Getty Images, (2) Carlos Caetano/shutterstock, (3) David Madison/Getty Images, (4) Kathy Quirk-Syverlsen/Gctty Images, (5) Moe Kafer Cutouts/Alaniy, (6) Urban Zone/Alaray, (7) Ray Moller /Getty Images, (8) Corbis Flint/ Alamy, (9) Sami Sarkis/Getty Images. (10) Richard Watkins/Alamy; pg.45 (Crosby) Peter Diana/ZUMA Press/Corbis, (Teny) Albert Pena/ Icon SMI/Corbis. (Toure) Adrian Dennis/AFP/Gctty Images, (Wurz) Rick Dole/getty Images, (player) Simon Bruty/Sports Illustrated/Getty Images, (lines) Marc Debnam/Getty Images, (tall) OUP/Photodise, pg.46 (referee) Graham Chadwick/Allsport/Getty Images, (marathon) David Madison/Getty Images, (soccer) Bob Thomas/Getty Images; pg.48 (toll) Shannon DeCelle, (couple) Stephen Lance Dennee; pg.54 (casue) Dov Makabaw/Alamy, (alley) Oleg Korshakov/Getty Images; pg.55 (Highclere Casue) Jeff Gilbert /Alamy. (Casa Lomo) Angelo Cavalli/Superstock; pg.56 (War Horse) Dreamworks SKG/rhe Kobal Collection, (Indian Jones) Lucasfilm Ud/Paramountyrhe Kobal Collection, (FI) Universal/rhe Kobal Collection. (Minority Report) 20th Century Fox/Dreamworks/The Kobal Collection, (Catch Me If You Can) Dreamworks/The Kobal Collection/Cooper, Andrew; pg.57 Courtesy o f Dagmara Walkowicz; pg.58 (Martin) PhotoAlto/Alamy, (Phone) Cyberstock/Alamy, (Annabel) Mark Robcits/Getty Images, (Semi) Paper Boat Creative/Getty Images, (Sarah) Guido Mieth/Getty Images; pg.60 (Brand) V Labissierc/Splash News/Corbis, (ɪ) Rex Features, (2) Suzanne Krciter/The Boston Globe via Getty Images, (3) Allen J. Schaben/AFP/Getty Images; pg.61 (before) Charlie Gray/ Contour by Getty Images, (after) Ken McKay/Rex; pg.63 (theater) Bob O'Connor/Gctty Images. (Kong) AF archive/Alamy; pg.65 Shed-Media; pg,66 (envelope) Mark Bassett/Alamy, (music) Erin Patrice O'Brien; pg.68 (kitchen) Carolyn Barber/Getty Images; pg.69 (Vivienne) Tetra Images/Corbis, (Mauro) Tim Kitchen/Getty Images, (Andrea) Echo/ Getty Images. (Carlos| Burketlirolo Productions/Getty Images, (living

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Brown/Getty Images, (Cuban) Richard DuCrce/USA Network/NBCU Photo Bank via Getty Images, (sharks) abrakadabra/shutterstock, (Perry) Perry's Music, LLC 2012; pg.81 Jorg Greuel/Getty Images; pg.84 Ekaterina Nosenko/Getty Images; pg.85 (street) Sven Hagolani/fstop/Corbis, (bike) Smith Collection/Getty Images, (bike bkgd) Stephen Smith/ Getty Images; pg.86 (Beaues) Popperfoto/Getty Images. |Gatcs| Joe McNally/Gctty Images; pg.87 Stefan Sollfors/Alamy; pg.94 (Jobs) Diana Walker/SJ/Contour by Getty Images, (1) Oliver leedhain/Alamy, (2) Tony Avelar/Bloomberg via Getty Images, (3) Jay L Clendenin/Los Angeles Times/Contour by Getty Images, |4) Visions o f America/UIG via Getty Images. (5) Laurent Fievet/AFP/Getty Images; pg.96 (Barbie) Teenage doll/Alamy, (Love) Charlotte Marie Marshall/Alamy, (sneakers) Peter Kramer/Bravo/NRCU Photo Bank via Getty Images. (Chrysler Building) Jorg Hackeniann/Shutterstock.com; pg.97 (soccer) ALLSTAR Picture Libraiy/Alamy, (Ikea) david pearson/Alainy, (toaster) Niall McDiarmid/Alamy, (rolex) John Henshall/Alamy, (building) Chris Ryan/Getty linages, (stopwatch) artpartner-images/ Getty Images, (vertigo) Paramount/The Kobal Collection/Bass, Saul, (Breakfast a t Tiffanys) Courtesy Everett Collect ion/Rex; pg.98 (Wood) Steve Schapiro/Corbis, (splendour) Silver Screen Collection/Getty Images; pg.99 (Walken) Trinity Mirror/Mirroipix/Alamy, (Wagner) Phil Roach/Globe Photos/ZUMAPRESS/Newscom, (Davem) Paul Harris, ParificCoastNews/Newsrom; pg.100 (Green) Popperfoto/Getty Images, (reader) David Paul Morris/Bloombeig via Getty Images; pg.103 (Dylan) Popperfoto/Getty Images; pg.104 Steve Stock/Alamy; I* . 105 Craig Hibert/SWNS.com; pg.106 (Crosby) Peter Diana/ZUMA Press/Corbis. (Sorvino) Suzanne Krcitcr/i he Boston Globe via Getty Images, (Rutterschmidt) Allen J. Schaben/AFP/Getty Images, (Toure) Adrian Dennis/AFP/Gelty Images, (McVey) Rex Features; pg.110 rreiTy) Albert Pena/Icon SMI/Corbis, (feet) Mark Thompson/AUsport/ Getty Images; pg.U3 (Sofia) Westend61/Corbis, (Angela) OUP/Blend images; pg.114 Kidstock/Getty Images; pg. 115 (subway) Juan Antonio/AGE fotostock, (metrocard) Bora/Alamy, (bike) Stan I Ionda/ AFP/Getty Images, (bus) wdstock/istockphoto, (taxi bottom) hanusst/ istockphoto, (taxi top) Songquan Deng/Shutterctock.com; pg.117 Paiamount/The Kobal Collection; pg.118 (Thailand) Viacheslav Khmelnytskyi/Alamy. (Mexico) John Edward Linden/Arcaid/Corbis; pg. 119 Creative Crop/Gctty Images; pg.121 (car) CandyBox Photography/Alamy, (facebook) Erkan Mehmet/Alamy, (bus) Anna Peisl/Corbis; pg.152 (1) Dave King/Gelty Images, (2) Gastromedia/ Alamy, (3) jon whitaker/Getty Images, (4) studiomode/Alamy, (5) Food and Drink Photos/Alamy, (6) Annabelle Breakey/Getty Images; pg. 155 (ɪ top) David Cole/Alaniy. (2 top) Peter Titmuss/Alamy, (3 top) MkStock/Alamy. (4 top) Greg Balfour Evans/Alamy, (5 top| Dick ReedJ Corbis. (6 top) Robert Harding Picture Library Ltd/Alamy. (7 top) Justin Kase ztwoz/Alamy, (8 top) imagebroker/Alamy, (9 top) Bill Cobb/SupeiStock, (ɪ bottom) Tom And Steve/Getty Images,(2 bottom) Chris Ryan/Getty Images, (3 bottom) Stellar Slock/ Masterfile, (4 bottom) Ian Dagnall/Alamy, (5 bottom) kickstand/Getty Images, (6 bottom) Michael Riinkel/Alamy, (7 bottom) John Nordell/ Getty Images. (8 bottom) Peter Ptschelinzew/Getty Images,(9 bottom) Tetra Images/Alamy, (10 bottom) AKP Photos/Alamy,(1 ɪ bottom) StadeStauffSmith Photos/shutterstock, (12 bottom) Bo Zaunders/Corbis, (13 bottom) Alan Schein/Corbis, (14 bottom) JTB Media Creation, Inc./Alamy, pg.157 (1) Caro/Alamy, (2 left) imagebroker/Alamy. (2 right) VisitBritain/Andrew Orchard/Getly Images, (3) Matthew Ashton/AMA/Corbis. (4) Corbis Super RF/Alamy, (5) Jonathan Larsen/Diadem Images/Alainy, (6) Mark Davidson/ Alamy, (7) Dmitry Korotayev/Epsilon/Getty Images, (8) Stadium Bank/ Alamy, (9) Scott W. Grau/lcon SMI/Corbis; pg. 159 (1) New Line/rhe Kobal Collection/Bridges, James, (2) 20th Century Fox(rhe Kobal Collection, (3, The Help) Dreamworks LLC/rhe Kobal Collection, (4) Zoetrope/United Artistsfrhe Kobal Collection. (5) Warner Bros/l'he Kobal Collection/Buitendijk, Jaap, (6) Hammer/The Kobal Collection, (7 .10) Touchstone Pictures/rhe Kobal Collection, (8) Warner Bros/ The Kobal Collection, (9) Lucasfilra/20th Century Fox/rhe Kota! Collection, (11) Universal/Studio Canal/WorkingTitle/The Kobal Collection/Sparham, Laurie, (12) Morgan Creek lnlernational/1'he Kobal Collection/Farmer, J ;pg .l60(l| PBWPIX/Alamy, (2) Fancy Collection/SuperStock. (3) Jenna Woodward Photography/Getty Images, (4) Ocean/Corbis, (5) D. Hurst/Alamy, (6) Somos/Superstock, (7) altrendo iniages/Getty Images, (8) Philipp Nemenz/Getty Images. (9) OUP/Masterfile, (10) W in Initiative/Getty Images, ( I t . 18) OUP/ BananaStock, (12) Karen Spencer/Alamy. (13) Silas Manhood/Alamy, (14) Lusoimages-Abstract/Alamy, (15) William Radcliffe/Science Faction/Corbis, (16) PhotoAlto/Alaniy, (17) Aflo Foto Agency/Alamy, (19) Kris Timkcn/Gcity Images, (20) Juan Silva/Getty linages; pg.161 (UK) keith morris/Alamy. (US) Will & Deni Mclntyre/Corbis; pg.162 (modem) Fotosearch/Getty Images, (rustic) Southern Stock/Getty Images; pg.163 (crowd) Tomas Abad/Alamy, (beach) John Short/ Design Pics/Corbis.Commissioned photography ty: Gareth Boden pp.26,27.30 (two dads in park). 38 (mobile phone) 68.75 (Macbook pro. Tiffany heart necklace). Ryder Haske: pp.12,13,32,33,52,53,72,73,92,93. MM studios pp.96 (Beatles album, Penguin books), p. 152 (meat, fish and vegetable groups).Pronunciation chart artwork by. Ellis Nadler Ulustrationsby: Peter Bull: pp.20-21,25.116; Mark Duffin: 81; Alex Green/Folio Art: p t 00- 101; Olivier Lalyk/Good Illustration Ltd: pp.34.35,90,138.162; Lyndon Hayes/Dutch Uncle: pp. 16,19.30.59. 76-77.80; Astushi Hara/Dutch Uncle: pp.49,79,120,133,134,135, 137,138,142,143,144,145,148,149,150,151,156.158,161.164; Sophie Joyce: p.47; Jonathan Krause: p.64; Tim Man s: pp.50-51, 88-89; Joe McLaren: pp.4-5,41; Man Smith: pp. 30/31.

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