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Making thematic maps in ArcGIS Making thematic maps in ArcGIS
with emphasis on user issueswith emphasis on user issues
Making thematic maps in ArcGIS Making thematic maps in ArcGIS
with emphasis on user issueswith emphasis on user issues
Alena VONDRÁKOVÁ
Second InDOG
Doctoral Conference
13–16 October 2013
Alena VONDRÁKOVÁ
Second InDOG
Doctoral Conference
13–16 October 2013
ConceptConcept of Technological of Technologicaland Non-technological Aspectsand Non-technological Aspects
ConceptConcept of Technological of Technologicaland Non-technological Aspectsand Non-technological Aspects
Technological Aspects Technological Aspects Non-Technological Aspects Non-Technological Aspects Technological Aspects Technological Aspects Non-Technological Aspects Non-Technological Aspects
• aspect of security• data aspect• geoinformatic aspect • mathematical aspect• mapping aspect • software aspect • standardization aspect• visualization aspect • production aspect
• aesthetic aspect• conceptual aspect• economic aspect• ethic aspect• geoinformatic aspect• historical aspect• legislative aspect• methodological aspect• organizational aspect• political aspect• psychological aspect• sociological aspect• visualization aspect• user aspect
Non-Technological Aspects Non-Technological Aspects Non-Technological Aspects Non-Technological Aspects
User IssuesUser IssuesUser IssuesUser Issues
• combination of social, professional and user aspects
• complex process with many internal and external factors
How to make thematic maps
with emphasis on user issues?
Objective Research MethodsObjective Research MethodsObjective Research MethodsObjective Research Methods
• the influence of the psychological aspects on the perception of users can be assessed by the eye-tracking technology
• individual’s eye movements are measured
• there are monitored localization of eye-movement in any given time
Eye-tracking Technology Eye-tracking Technology SMI RED 250SMI RED 250
Eye-tracking Technology Eye-tracking Technology SMI RED 250SMI RED 250
Case studiesCase studiesCase studiesCase studies
• the full potential of evaluation methods, which include research
target groups, interviews with experts, direct observation, survey
and study of literature, was utilized
• there were used exploratory, descriptive, explanatory and
testing approaches
• each evaluation of non-technological aspect was addressed in
three basic levels – definition, realization and the description of
the case study and partition findings and recommendations
• the following example is only a sample case study
Case Study Case Study
Methods of Cartographic VisualizationMethods of Cartographic VisualizationCase Study Case Study
Methods of Cartographic VisualizationMethods of Cartographic Visualization
• lack of standardization or mandatory rules in cartography
• choice of method of cartographic visualization depends on the
opinion of the map author
• way of expressing the same information by different methods
of cartographic visualization leads to different user perception
• maps have to help their users to better understand geospatial
relationships, not to confuse the user
• users have to get the information as quickly as possible
and as accurately as possible
Case study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishment
HeatMap
GazePlot
Case study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishment
Case study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishment
– AOI characteristics, fixations, saccades, mouseclicks...
Case study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishment
– preliminary results
Case study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishment
MapMap
compositioncompositionMapMap
compositioncomposition
UUser's ability to distinguish colorsser's ability to distinguish colorsUUser's ability to distinguish colorsser's ability to distinguish colors
UUser's ability to distinguish colorsser's ability to distinguish colorsUUser's ability to distinguish colorsser's ability to distinguish colors
ESRI color range Authors color range
UUser's ability to distinguish colorsser's ability to distinguish colorsUUser's ability to distinguish colorsser's ability to distinguish colors
• problems
• ability to distinguish red colors (ET experiment)
• NORMAL value is not AVERAGE value
CCustomization – ustomization – CColor olor BBlindnesslindnessCCustomization – ustomization – CColor olor BBlindnesslindness
VischeckColor BlindnessSimulator
Caitlin Dempsey (2011)
• …GIS is where, we are HOW
Colored IsolinesColored IsolinesTransport (Time) Accessibility of PragueTransport (Time) Accessibility of Prague
Colored IsolinesColored IsolinesTransport (Time) Accessibility of PragueTransport (Time) Accessibility of Prague
Producers evaluation Producers evaluation (on-line questionnaire)
Producers evaluation Producers evaluation (on-line questionnaire)
FindingsFindingsFindingsFindings
• users are the key determinants of any cartographic work• it is important to identify needs of the target users• user needs may differ with respect to their intellectual
and physical condition• maps for people with specific disabilities are frequently missing• adaptation of cartographic production to the target group of users
has a significant impact on technological treatment• view of users, creators and producers to the offer of cartographic
production for the demand users vary considerably• choice of methods of cartographic representation
and their applications can have a significant impact on the perception of presented phenomena
RecommendationsRecommendationsRecommendationsRecommendations
• it is needed to focus more on specific user needs
• it is necessary to test created cartographic works (before their
mass production) on user perception – it is appropriate to use
a combination of modern methods
• eye-tracking technology and standard approaches can be used
(questionnaires, interview and more)
• cartographic works should be adapted to the specific needs
of users in the best possible level
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONalena [email protected]
Palacký University, OlomoucCZECH REPUBLIC
Second InDOG
Doctoral Conference
13–16 October 2013
Second InDOG
Doctoral Conference
13–16 October 2013