(Adab 2011)lesson#2-

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LESSONS ON LESSONS ON ISLAMIC ISLAMIC CONCEPT OF ADABCONCEPT OF ADABBy: Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

Insha’Allah -This is a follow-up course, after completionof 18 weeks course on the kitab “Ta’lim al-Muta’allimTariqit Ta’allum ” of Sheikh Tajuddin Nu’man Zarnuji

( 19 October 2011 )Every Wednesday night @ 8pmWisma Indah 448 Changi Rd,#02-00(Next to Masjid Kassim),

Arabic (plural) of Adab : meanings – “good breeding, decency, nurture, good manners, refinement, cultured, decorum, courteous, etiquette, propriety, social grace, to educate, discipline, the humanities, etc.” sense of proportion and knowledge of their rightful place in the order of things, the absence of which indicates injustice

LESSON# 2LESSON# 2 IN THE NAME OF ALLAHMOST COMPASSIONATEMOST MERCIFUL.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011)All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011)

2ND RUN OF THE MODULE

““The best among you is the one who learn The best among you is the one who learn the Qur’an and who teaches (it to others).”the Qur’an and who teaches (it to others).”

((Hadith narrated by BukharyHadith narrated by Bukhary))

RASULULLAH S.A.W. SAID :RASULULLAH S.A.W. SAID :


““Although ultimately Islamic teaching advocates Although ultimately Islamic teaching advocates

IhsanIhsan and and RahmaRahmah (Doing good and spreading h (Doing good and spreading

Mercy), this can only be pursued firstly with Mercy), this can only be pursued firstly with

establishing Truth and Justice (establishing Truth and Justice (HaqqHaqq and and ‘Adala‘Adala).”).”

3All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011)All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011)

RE-CAP PREVIOUS LESSON


““STANDING FIRM UPON STANDING FIRM UPON ‘ADL ‘ADL (JUSTICE), (JUSTICE),

IIHHSANSAN (DOING GOOD), GIVING WHAT IS (DOING GOOD), GIVING WHAT IS

THE DUE RIGHT TOWARDS OTHERS ...” THE DUE RIGHT TOWARDS OTHERS ...”




““Behold, Allah commands justice, the doing of good, and the Behold, Allah commands justice, the doing of good, and the

giving (i.e. generosity) to kith and kin (i.e. fellow man), and He giving (i.e. generosity) to kith and kin (i.e. fellow man), and He

forbids all shameful deeds, and injustice and rebellion: He forbids all shameful deeds, and injustice and rebellion: He

instructs you, that ye may receive admonition.”instructs you, that ye may receive admonition.”

((Qur’an: an-Nahlu: 16 : 90Qur’an: an-Nahlu: 16 : 90))




Although both terms imply “Although both terms imply “justicejustice”, yet there ”, yet there

is a slight difference in their meanings :is a slight difference in their meanings :

In a transaction between 2 parties (e.g. Buying In a transaction between 2 parties (e.g. Buying

and selling), to accord to both parties their due and selling), to accord to both parties their due

rights whence both are satisfied (win-win) – the rights whence both are satisfied (win-win) – the

Arabic term . (Arabic term . (QISTw QISTw ) is used. This ) is used. This

may require willingness on one or both party to may require willingness on one or both party to

show benevolence, goodwill and generosity to show benevolence, goodwill and generosity to

the other.the other.


ق�س�طق�س�ط



In an adjudication (In an adjudication (judging judging ), where justice ), where justice

requires that one party gains and one party has requires that one party gains and one party has

to suffer loss, the Arabic termto suffer loss, the Arabic term ((‘ADL ‘ADL )) is is

used. This, perhaps is the minimal form of used. This, perhaps is the minimal form of

justice required.justice required.

Even to those amongst your enemy whom you Even to those amongst your enemy whom you

hate, you must not deprive them of the hate, you must not deprive them of the ‘ADL‘ADL..


ع�د�لع�د�ل



Thus, (Thus, (QISTw QISTw ) would be a higher form of ) would be a higher form of

justice – a justice tempered with justice – a justice tempered with IIHHSANSAN and and

generosity.generosity.

As Muslims, we are to strive for this higher As Muslims, we are to strive for this higher

standard, if not, then uphold the minimal.standard, if not, then uphold the minimal.

““ADAABADAAB “ encompass both these “ encompass both these

understandings.understandings.


ق�س�طق�س�ط







To have To have AdabAdab is (inter alia), to be taught not to is (inter alia), to be taught not to

forget what is appropriate and what is not in our forget what is appropriate and what is not in our

perception and attitude towards others, and the perception and attitude towards others, and the

ability to act appropriately with justice (ability to act appropriately with justice (‘ADL‘ADL) and ) and

goodness (goodness (IHSANIHSAN).).

Thus Thus AdabAdab is not mere possession of ‘ is not mere possession of ‘knowledgeknowledge’. ’.

To be lacking knowledge is “To be lacking knowledge is “ignoranceignorance”, but to lack ”, but to lack

AdabAdab is “ is “ignorance compounded with conceitignorance compounded with conceit””




Ignorance can be removed with knowledge. But Ignorance can be removed with knowledge. But

without without AdabAdab, how can education take place? To , how can education take place? To

learn without learn without AdaAdab may even worsen the self-b may even worsen the self-

conceit and arrogance in that person.conceit and arrogance in that person.

Such is the gravity regarding the “Such is the gravity regarding the “loss of Adabloss of Adab”, ”,

that it deserved immediate “chastisement” rather that it deserved immediate “chastisement” rather

than teaching and enlightenment.than teaching and enlightenment.




Actually, it was when this loss of Actually, it was when this loss of AdabAdab occurs; occurs;

when false pride and conceit reigns; even in the when false pride and conceit reigns; even in the

presence of Allah presence of Allah azzawajallaazzawajalla – this was beginning – this was beginning

of evil.of evil.

WaAllaahu a’lamWaAllaahu a’lam



““ADAB IN LEARNING”ADAB IN LEARNING”

- ON THE LIGHTER SIDE .......- ON THE LIGHTER SIDE .......

Adapted from Idries Shah’s “Thinkers of the East” – Penguin BookAdapted from Idries Shah’s “Thinkers of the East” – Penguin Book

IN THE NAME OF ALLAHIN THE NAME OF ALLAHMOST COMPASSIONATEMOST COMPASSIONATEMOST MERCIFULMOST MERCIFUL



All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011)

Some may find in the previous

story, perhaps the seeker was

unfairly treated by the Sheikh...

Or was he?Adapted from Idries Shah’s “Thinkers of the East” – Penguin BookAdapted from Idries Shah’s “Thinkers of the East” – Penguin Book



Someone asked Shah Naqshband: “It

must have caused you pain to dismiss a

certain student.”

He replied:

“The best of all ways to test and help a

disciple, if it is possible and most

appropriate, may actually be to dismiss

him!”


He then went on to explain:He then went on to explain:

““.. If he (because of the dismissal) then .. If he (because of the dismissal) then

turn against you (the teacher), he has a turn against you (the teacher), he has a

chance of observing his own shallowness chance of observing his own shallowness

and the defects which led to his and the defects which led to his

dismissal.....”dismissal.....”


He then went on to explain:He then went on to explain:

“.. If he forgives you, he has an

opportunity of seeing whether in that

there is any sanctimonious-ness (i.e.

sort of pretentiousness that in this, he

is better ... another extreme state)”


He then went on to explain:

“.. If he regains his balance, then he

will be able to benefit from this, of

our teaching method (which

ultimately seeks to instil justice and

Adab) and thus especially benefitting

himself.”


““We are (much) in need of a little adab, from We are (much) in need of a little adab, from

(that of) going out (seeking) after much of (that of) going out (seeking) after much of

‘ilm (knowledge)” ‘ilm (knowledge)”

– – Imam ‘Abdullah al-MubarakImam ‘Abdullah al-Mubarak


ArabicArabic (plural) of (plural) of AdabAdab : meanings – “good breeding, decency, : meanings – “good breeding, decency,

nurture, good manners, refinement, cultured, decorum, courteous, nurture, good manners, refinement, cultured, decorum, courteous,

etiquette, propriety, social grace, to educate, discipline, the etiquette, propriety, social grace, to educate, discipline, the

humanities, etc.”humanities, etc.”


sense of proportion and knowledge of their

rightful place in the order of things, the

absence of which indicates injustice


“LOSS OF ADAB” – the main contemporary problem affecting the

Ummah, which then leads to perpetuation of

continuous confusion in knowledge and education.

22All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011)


““An immoral man of learning is a great evil,An immoral man of learning is a great evil,

yet a greater evil is an ignoramus leading a ‘godly’ life.yet a greater evil is an ignoramus leading a ‘godly’ life.

Both are a great trial (FITNAH) everywhere,Both are a great trial (FITNAH) everywhere,

to whomever depends to them both (for guidance), to whomever depends to them both (for guidance),

in holding on to his religion”in holding on to his religion”

((From Imam Zarnuji -From Imam Zarnuji -“Ta’lim Muta’allim Tariqit Ta’allum” )


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External

Loss of Adab (B)

Internal

(A)

Confusion and Error in Knowledge

.

It is because of (A) the confusion and error in Knowledge that lead to condition for

(B) The loss of Adab in the community. Both internally and externally.


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(C) Rise / election of False leaders

External

Loss of Adab (B)

Internal

(A)


Figure 1

The condition arising out of (A) and (B) is:

(C) “The rise of leaders who are not qualified for valid leadership of the Muslim Community, who do not possess the high moral, intellectual and spiritual standards required for Islamic leadership..”


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External

Loss of Adab (B)

Internal

(A)


“These false leaders then usurped Islamic leadership, who (then) perpetuate the condition in (A) [1] above and ensure the continued control of the affairs of the Community by leaders like them who dominate in all fields.” [2]

[1] The loss of Adab in the community. Thus restoration of Adab has higher priority for Adab precedes even learning. [2] Wan Mohd Nor Wan Daud’s “The Educational Philosophy and Practice of Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas” (ISTAC publication 1998) p 74


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External

Loss of Adab (B)

Internal

(A)


“This state of perpetual confusion at all levels of societal leadership is ingeniously termed by al-Attas as the loss of adab.

[1] The loss of Adab in the community. Thus restoration of Adab has higher priority for Adab precedes even learning. [2] Wan Mohd Nor Wan Daud’s “The Educational Philosophy and Practice of Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas” (ISTAC publication 1998) p 74


With the “loss of Adab”, even the knowledge of who the

true leaders and scholars is lost, and the confusion compounded.

Actually this confusion in knowledge can be corrected

through Education ,

Yet, education in man cannot be truly done without his

having basic “Adab” itself.

Thus the importance of restoring the “Adab” in every

Muslim.

It may even have to begin by correcting their misuse of

“terms” (istilah) and clarifying wrongly assumed “definition”

(ta’rifat) that may have caused whatever misunderstandings.29


““The learned and wise among Muslims must use constant The learned and wise among Muslims must use constant

vigilance in detecting erroneous usage in language which vigilance in detecting erroneous usage in language which

impinges upon semantic change in major key elements and impinges upon semantic change in major key elements and

creates general confusion and error in the understanding of creates general confusion and error in the understanding of

Islam and of its worldviewIslam and of its worldview.” .”

Quote: “The Concept of Education in Islam” pp. 37-38Quote: “The Concept of Education in Islam” pp. 37-38


Prof. Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas :

factsfacts, , informationinformation

SkillsSkills

KnowledgeKnowledge

educationeducation

MA’-LUMAT(information; facts)

SINA’-AH (skills, industrious);

FANNIYAH (artistry);

’ILM – (science and knowledge)

TA-ADDIB; - which includesTA’-LIM; TAR-BIYYAH; TAZKIYYAH, etc.


EQUIVALENT TERMS USED IN ISLAM

Thus, perspective of Education in Islam can be defined:

““... Recognition and acknowledgement, progressively instilled ... Recognition and acknowledgement, progressively instilled

into man, of the proper places of things in the order of into man, of the proper places of things in the order of

creation, such that it leads to the recognition and creation, such that it leads to the recognition and

acknowledgement of the proper place of God in the order of acknowledgement of the proper place of God in the order of

being and existence.”being and existence.”

Quoted from: “The Educational Philosophy and Practice of Syed Quoted from: “The Educational Philosophy and Practice of Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas” by Wan Mohd Nor Wan Daud (ISTAC Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas” by Wan Mohd Nor Wan Daud (ISTAC

publication).publication).


EPISTEMOLOGY

LEST WE FORGET


PERSPECTIVE FROM ANPERSPECTIVE FROM AN

ISLAMIC WORLDVIEWISLAMIC WORLDVIEW

TASAWWUR ISLAM


Ta’lim ( (generally it means, “to teach” or “the teaching”

of knowledge as different from information, but a profound

understanding of this word requires us to know the root word “

‘ilm” which is different from “ma’lumat ”

Ta’allum ( ) “to learn or be taught knowledge”

consider definition of knowledge ( ) .

TASAWWUR ISLAM


Tarbiyyah ( ) – although used by many Islamist

to refer to education (perhaps influenced by the Western

methodology), it’s use to refer to ‘education’ is not appropriate

due to its narrow and limited scope when applied to the Islamic

approach to education, because our Islamic worldview regarding

man is unlike those from the Western outlook that still regards

man as an animal specie (although evolved).

TASAWWUR ISLAM


Tarbiyyah ( ) – has the meanings “education,

upbringing, breeding, raising (of animals), instruction, pedagogy,

etc.

From which we have term “murabbin” ( ) “educator, (as

well as) breeder, tutor etc.

Yet, it is too general a term and can also be applied in terms of

raising, breeding and training of animals.

TASAWWUR ISLAM


Darasa ( ( – “to learn, to study under a teacher,

instructor, lecturer etc. ( mudarris - ).

Thus a school is called a “madrasah” ( )

TASAWWUR ISLAM


TASAWWUR ISLAM


““Ta’-dibTa’-dib”” ( ) ( ) – – preferred term for preferred term for ‘education’, ‘education’, from the from the

term term ‘Adab’ ‘Adab’ (( ) ) meaning: – meaning: –

“ “good breeding, nurture, manners, refinement, cultured, good breeding, nurture, manners, refinement, cultured,

decorum, propriety, social grace, educated, etc.”decorum, propriety, social grace, educated, etc.”

TASAWWUR ISLAM


Hadith from Ibn Mas’ud r.a.:

In-na haa-dza-al-Qur’aan ma’da-ba-tullaaha fil-ardh

fa- ta’-la-muu- min ma’-da-batih

“ “Verily! The Qur’an is Allah’s Banquet on earth, Verily! The Qur’an is Allah’s Banquet on earth,

so learn thoroughly, then, from (or of) His Banquet.” so learn thoroughly, then, from (or of) His Banquet.” [1][1]

[1] S.M.Naquib Al-Attas “Islam and Secularism” page 150

TASAWWUR ISLAM

BASISBASIS


Thus,“ Adab” in the original basic sense (in Arabic) is the “inviting to

a banquet.”

The idea of a banquet implies the host is a man of honour and

prestige, and that many people are present; that the people who

are present are those who in the host’s estimation are deserving of

the honour of the invitation, and they are therefore people of

refined qualities and upbringing who are expected to behave as

befits their station, in speech, conduct and etiquette.” [1]

[1] S.M.Naquib Al-Attas “Islam and Secularism” page 149

TASAWWUR ISLAM

BASISBASIS

““From amongst the rights of a children upon their parents are, From amongst the rights of a children upon their parents are,

that they be instilled (to be educated by them) with that they be instilled (to be educated by them) with AdabAdab and and

to be given a good name.” to be given a good name.”

((Hadith of the Prophet s.a.w. reported by Baihaqy Hadith of the Prophet s.a.w. reported by Baihaqy

from Ibnu ‘Abbas r.afrom Ibnu ‘Abbas r.a.).)


TASAWWUR ISLAM

BASISBASIS

“ “Educate (nurture – ‘Educate (nurture – ‘addibuaddibu’) your children with the best ’) your children with the best

education (education (ADABADAB).”).”

((Hadith of the Prophet s.a.w. narrated by Ibnu MajahHadith of the Prophet s.a.w. narrated by Ibnu Majah))


TASAWWUR ISLAM

BASISBASIS

“Ad-da-bani Rob-bee - fa - ah-sa-na ta’-di-bee

““My Lord educated me, and made My Lord educated me, and made

my education most excellent.” my education most excellent.”

(Hadith)(Hadith)

PROPHET MUHAMMAD S.A.A.W. SAID:PROPHET MUHAMMAD S.A.A.W. SAID:


TASAWWUR ISLAM

BASISBASIS

Ad-di-buu -au-laa-da-kum – ‘alaa – thalatha- hi-swal – Hub-bu nabi-yi-

kum, wa –Hub-bu – aa-li –bai-ti-hi, wa –ti-la-wa-til-Qur’an

“Educate (nurture with Adab – ‘addibu ’) your children upon

three things: To Love your Prophet (s.a.w.), and to love the

Family members of his household (Aali Muhammad), and

(learn) to recite Al-Qur’an.”

(Hadith of the Prophet s.a.w. narrated by Tabrani)


TASAWWUR ISLAM

BASISBASIS

Al-li-muu – au-laa-da-kum- wa – ah-lee-ku-mul-khay-ra

wa – ad-di-buu -hum-

“ “ Teach your children and your family members with the best, and Teach your children and your family members with the best, and

educate them (instil in them educate them (instil in them AdabAdab).”).”

((Hadith of the Prophet s.a.w. reported by ‘Abdur Razaq and Sa’id ibn

Manshur as quoted by Dr. ‘Abdullah Nashih ‘Ulwan)


TASAWWUR ISLAM

BASISBASIS

‘‘Maa- na –Hala – waa-li-dun wa –la-dan – min nuH- lin – Maa- na –Hala – waa-li-dun wa –la-dan – min nuH- lin –

af-dwa-la – min – a-da-bin Ha-san.af-dwa-la – min – a-da-bin Ha-san.

““There is no gift (that you can give) to your children There is no gift (that you can give) to your children

better than (instilling in them) the good better than (instilling in them) the good AdabAdab.”.”

((Hadith of the Prophet reported by Tirmidzi Hadith of the Prophet reported by Tirmidzi ))


TASAWWUR ISLAM

BASISBASIS

Ak-ri-muu – au-laa-da-kum – wa– aH-si-nuu –a-da-ba-hum.

“Honour your children by (educating) instilling in them the best Adab.”

(Hadith of the Prophet s.a.w. reported by Ibnu Majah from Ibnu ‘Abbas r.a.)


TASAWWUR ISLAM

BASISBASIS

““THE SIGN OF THE TRULY LEARNED IS THE SIGN OF THE TRULY LEARNED IS

HUMILITY IN THE PRESENCE OF THE ALL-HUMILITY IN THE PRESENCE OF THE ALL-

KNOWING – WHILE THE HEEDLESS AND KNOWING – WHILE THE HEEDLESS AND

ARROGANT MAY BREACH THE ADAB”ARROGANT MAY BREACH THE ADAB”



““We do raise to [high] degrees [of knowledge] We do raise to [high] degrees [of knowledge]

whomever We will - but above everyone who is whomever We will - but above everyone who is

endowed with knowledge there is One who knows endowed with knowledge there is One who knows

all.”all.”

((Qur’an: Yusuf: 12: 76Qur’an: Yusuf: 12: 76) )


““And turn not thy cheek away from people in [false] And turn not thy cheek away from people in [false]

pride, and walk not haughtily on earth: for, behold, pride, and walk not haughtily on earth: for, behold,

God does not love anyone who, out of self- conceit, God does not love anyone who, out of self- conceit,

acts in a boastful manner.”acts in a boastful manner.”

((Qur’an: Luqman: 31: 18Qur’an: Luqman: 31: 18) )


““And turn not thy cheek away from people in [false] And turn not thy cheek away from people in [false]

pride, and walk not haughtily on earth: for, behold, pride, and walk not haughtily on earth: for, behold,

God does not love anyone who, out of self- conceit, God does not love anyone who, out of self- conceit,

acts in a boastful manner.”acts in a boastful manner.”

((Qur’an: Luqman: 31: 18Qur’an: Luqman: 31: 18) )


“Hence, be modest in thy bearing, and lower thy voice:

for, behold, the ugliest of all voices is the [loud] voice

of asses (donkeys).”

(Qur’an: Luqman: 31: 19)


““For, [true] servants of the Most Gracious are [only] For, [true] servants of the Most Gracious are [only]

they who walk gently on earth, and who, whenever they who walk gently on earth, and who, whenever

the foolish address them, reply with [words of] peace.”the foolish address them, reply with [words of] peace.”

((Qur’an: Furqan: 25: 63Qur’an: Furqan: 25: 63) )


““And remember the name of your Lord and devote yourself to Him with And remember the name of your Lord and devote yourself to Him with

[complete] devotion. [He is] the Lord of the East and the West; there is [complete] devotion. [He is] the Lord of the East and the West; there is

no deity except Him, so take Him as Disposer of [your] affairs. And be no deity except Him, so take Him as Disposer of [your] affairs. And be

patient over what they say and avoid them with gracious avoidance.”patient over what they say and avoid them with gracious avoidance.”

((Qur’an: Muzzamil: 73: 8-10Qur’an: Muzzamil: 73: 8-10) )


““Whoever seeks knowledge (intending) to argue with Whoever seeks knowledge (intending) to argue with

the learned (scholars), or to brag with the foolish; the learned (scholars), or to brag with the foolish;

or with it to attract peoples’ attention to himself; or with it to attract peoples’ attention to himself;

Allah will make him to enter the Hell-fire.”Allah will make him to enter the Hell-fire.”

((Hadith also reported by Tirmidzi and Ibn MajahHadith also reported by Tirmidzi and Ibn Majah))


““Whosever has humility (tawaadhu’), Whosever has humility (tawaadhu’),

Allah will raise his rank (and status); Allah will raise his rank (and status);

and whosoever is arrogant (proud - takabbur) and whosoever is arrogant (proud - takabbur)

Allah will humiliate him.”Allah will humiliate him.”

((Hadith of our Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.Hadith of our Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.))


“ “ The beginning of Wisdom is when you The beginning of Wisdom is when you

realize you do not know! ”realize you do not know! ”

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*Extracted and elaborated from “Beginners’ Manual on Islam” by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj ismail (PERGAS)

TASAWWUR ISLAMAll Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011)


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The beginning of Wisdom is when you realize you do not know!The beginning of Wisdom is when you realize you do not know!


RED line (circumference) indicates our encounter with knowledge which we now realize we do not know; which motivates us to acquire them.

The GREEN area represents whatever Knowledge that we have.

BLACK space representsInfinite Knowledge“We don’t even knowthat we don’t know them”

TASAWWUR ISLAMAll Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011)

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When new knowledge gain, the circle expands. But with this expansion the circumference (RED line) also increases.

Remember: RED line (circumference) indicates our encounter with knowledge which we now realize we do not know.

The GREEN area represents whatever Knowledge that we have.

BLACK space representsInfinite Knowledge“We don’t even knowthat we don’t know them”

“The more we know, the more will we encounter aspects of knowledge which we do not know. And only realization of this which motivates us to grow in learning”



TASAWWUR ISLAM

"Exalted are You (O Allah); we have no knowledge "Exalted are You (O Allah); we have no knowledge

except what You have taught us. Indeed, it is You except what You have taught us. Indeed, it is You

who is the Knowing, the Wise." who is the Knowing, the Wise."


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