11

Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical Planning And Construction

CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION IN CROATIA- MEASURES IN LINE WITH EU POLICY AND

STRATEGY WITH VIEW TO 2030

Dalj, 29 May 2009

Jasenka NećakHead of Sector for Atmosphere, Sea and Soil

www.mzopu.hr

22

Climate ChangeClimate Change

UNFCCC CONVENTION

The issue of changes in the Earth’s climate is considered a predominant environmental concern of the 21st century

The issue of climate change at the global level is addressed by the UNFCC Convention, accepted at the Rio de Janeiro Summit in 1992

The basic principle of the UNFCCC:

“The Parties should protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future generations of humankind, on the basis of equity and in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities.”

Today - 190 Parties have ratified UNFCCC

33

44

REPUBLIC of CROATIA is a Party to UNFCCC from 1996

and as a country with economy in transition assumed the scope of its obligations under

Annex I to the UNFCCC

55

Climate Change impactsClimate Change impacts in Croatia in Croatia

Croatia is a country that is particularly vulnerable to the impact of climate change due to its 5800 km long coastline with 1185 islands, its fragile agriculture and forestry with their social and economic significance.

There is also potential influence on hydrology, water resources, mainland and coastal ecosystems.

Therefore, Croatia has cause for concern and is motivated to take an active part in international efforts aimed at finding practical solutions to climate change.

EXMP. Sea level increase would bring about salinisation of freshwater

sources on the coast and sea water infiltration in the Neretva area, jeopardising fruit and vegetable production.

66

KYOTO PROTOCOLKYOTO PROTOCOL

Croatia ratified the Kyoto Croatia ratified the Kyoto PProtocol rotocol in April 2007in April 2007 and and became a became a Party onParty on 28th August 2007. 28th August 2007.

..

By doing that Croatia has taken obligation to reduce its overall GHG By doing that Croatia has taken obligation to reduce its overall GHG emissions by at least 5% below the 1990 level during the commitment emissions by at least 5% below the 1990 level during the commitment period 2008-2012.period 2008-2012.

In order to reach that goal Croatia will have to implement different In order to reach that goal Croatia will have to implement different cost-effective measurescost-effective measures..

Croatia is an EU candidate country and transposed the Acquis in Croatia is an EU candidate country and transposed the Acquis in the field of Climate the field of Climate CChange.hange.

Climate ChangeClimate Change

77

GHG Emission Inventory ReportingGHG Emission Inventory Reporting

-30.000

-20.000

-10.000

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

1990. 1995. 2000. 2001. 2002. 2003. 2004.

godina

Gg CO2 eq

Energetika Industrijski procesi

Poljoprivreda Gospodarenje otpadom

Uporaba tla i šumarstvo

0

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Gg

CO

2

Energetskapostrojenja

Industrija igraditeljstvo

Promet (cestovni ivancestovni)

Uslužni sektor,kućanstva,Polj/Šum/Rib

Ostalo (ne-energetskisektori)

Pranje prirodnog plina(CPS Molve)

Energy Sector:CO2 emission by energy subsectors for period 1990.-2004. (Gg CO2)

GHG emissions and removals in Croatia by sectors, 1990.-2004.(Gg CO2-eq)

88

Strategy and Action Plan for Climate Strategy and Action Plan for Climate Change in CroatiaChange in Croatia

• SSTRATEGY SHORT-TERM OBJECTIVE BYTRATEGY SHORT-TERM OBJECTIVE BY 2012: 2012:

to restrain the rise in GHG emissions in the period 2008-2012 in order to to restrain the rise in GHG emissions in the period 2008-2012 in order to reduce the overall emission of such gases by at least 5 per cent below the reduce the overall emission of such gases by at least 5 per cent below the base year level. base year level.

Individual objectives set for the period by 2012 are as follows:Individual objectives set for the period by 2012 are as follows:

- establishment necessary organizational and administrative capacitiesestablishment necessary organizational and administrative capacities

- transposition of the EU acquis in the field of climate changetransposition of the EU acquis in the field of climate change

- integration of the climate change policy into sectoral strategies and integration of the climate change policy into sectoral strategies and programmesprogrammes

- establishment of a research and development programme on CCestablishment of a research and development programme on CC issuesissues

99

Strategy and Action Plan for Strategy and Action Plan for Climate Change in Croatia, Climate Change in Croatia, cont.cont.

The main categories of measures are:The main categories of measures are:• Use of renewable energy sourcesUse of renewable energy sources• Energy efficiency improvement in generation, transmission and consumption of energyEnergy efficiency improvement in generation, transmission and consumption of energy• Use of low-carbon fuels, particularly natural gasUse of low-carbon fuels, particularly natural gas• Measures in industrial processes, where cost-effectiveMeasures in industrial processes, where cost-effective• Waste management measuresWaste management measures

Specific priority measures are:Specific priority measures are:• Use of wind power plantsUse of wind power plants• Use of biomass for heat generationUse of biomass for heat generation• Improvement of insulation and energy efficiency in building constructionImprovement of insulation and energy efficiency in building construction• Use of biomass in cogeneration plantsUse of biomass in cogeneration plants• Use of biodiesel and other biofuels in transportUse of biodiesel and other biofuels in transport

THESE MEASURES HAVE BEEN GIVEN PRIORITY FROM THE ASPECT THESE MEASURES HAVE BEEN GIVEN PRIORITY FROM THE ASPECT OF DEVELOPMENT BENEFITS, FEASIBILITY AND CONTRIBUTION TO OF DEVELOPMENT BENEFITS, FEASIBILITY AND CONTRIBUTION TO OBJECTIVES OF ABATING CCOBJECTIVES OF ABATING CC

1010

Scenario for 2012 with projections till 2020Scenario for 2012 with projections till 2020

20,0

22,0

24,0

26,0

28,0

30,0

32,0

34,0

36,0

38,0

40,0

42,0

44,0

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

1000

Gg

CO

2eq

Scenarij 'bez mjera' Scenarij 's mjerama'

Emisije do 2004. godine Kyoto cilj (bazna godina x 0,95)

Bazna godina

Kyoto razdoblje

"No measures" scenario

"With measures" scenario

base year

Kyoto target(base year x 0.95)

1111

Emission reduction by sectors in respect to Emission reduction by sectors in respect to Kyoto target, in 2010Kyoto target, in 2010

- 848

- 257

- 367

-163- 230

- 175

- 820

-4000

-3600

-3200

-2800

-2400

-2000

-1600

-1200

-800

-400

0

Gg

CO

2-e

q

Industrijski procesi

Gospodarenje otpadom

Ostalo

Transport

Ustanove

Kućanstva

Izgaranje goriva u industriji

Energetska postrojenja

Kyoto ciljKyoto Kyoto targettarget

Industry –processesIndustry –processes

Waste ManagementWaste Management

OtherOther

TransportTransport

Public buildingsPublic buildings

HouseholdsHouseholds

Fuel combustion – Fuel combustion – IndustryIndustry

Power plantsPower plants

1212

Emission reduction due to energy efficiencyEmission reduction due to energy efficiency (EE) (EE) and renewable energy sources and renewable energy sources (RES) (RES) in 2010in 2010

- 676

- 1168

-1017

-4000

-3500

-3000

-2500

-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0

Gg

CO

2-e

q

Ostalo

Obnovljivi izvori

Energetska učinkovitost

Kyoto ciljKyoto Kyoto targettarget

OtherOther

RenewablesRenewables

Energy EfficiencyEnergy Efficiency

1313

Potential Potential Renewable Renewable

Energy Sources Energy Sources in Croatiain Croatia

*Ministry of *Ministry of Economy, Economy,

Labour and Labour and EntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship

1414

Emission Reduction Measures and Implementing InstrumentsEmission Reduction Measures and Implementing Instruments

Energy production sectorEnergy production sector

Indicative targets to 2010 are:- 400 MW wind power plants- 40 MW biomass power plants- 80 MW new cogeneration - industry - 12% energy efficiency increase in oil refining

Industry sectorIndustry sector

Main indicative targets to 2010: - 1% annual energy efficiency increase - 40 MW biomass cogeneration- 400 GWh cogeneration - 20% fossil fuels in cement industry substituted by biodegradable waste

Transport Transport

Some indicative targets to 2010: - 5.75% of total energy consumption replaced by biodiesel and other biofuels- 20% vehicles with fuel consumption below 5 l/100 km- biofuels in public transport- bicycle tracks and supporting infrastructure in every community

Households and Services sectorHouseholds and Services sector

Some indicative targets to 2010:- New buildings with heat losses < 100 kWh/(m2/year)- On 30,000 apartments annually apply measures for heat losses reduction- Every household in Croatia at least two fluorescent bulbs- 90% of new domestic appliances of the highest EE class ( A++, A+, A)- 5,000 m2 solar system annually for hot water and heating- In 5,000 households annually substitute fuel oil with woody biomass- In service sector EE increase 1% annually - In service sector 20 MW capacity in solar and geothermal sources

1515

Industry - processesIndustry - processes

Specific targets to 2010:- N2O reduction in nitric acid industry- Reduction of clinker amount in cement production

Waste ManagementWaste Management

Specific targets to 2010:- Obligatory methane incineration on flare- At least one great MSW power plant- Biodegradable waste combustion in cement industry (substitute 20% of fossil fuels)

AgricultureAgricultureTargets to 2012:- 90,000-100,000 ha rape seed and other oil seeds- structural changes in agriculture, enlargement and modernization increase yield, with more organic supplements

ForestryForestry Main targets:- Sustainable forest management- Decision on applying Article 3.4 Kyoto Protocol (forests as sink)- Recovery and new planting of forests

1616

Climate Change mitigationClimate Change mitigation

Decrease of dependency on fossil fuels. Annual savings areDecrease of dependency on fossil fuels. Annual savings are 1 million toe1 million toe of fossil fuel, mostly oil, then coal and natural gas of fossil fuel, mostly oil, then coal and natural gas

Decrease of vulnerability of economy on sudden peaks in oil Decrease of vulnerability of economy on sudden peaks in oil pricesprices

Security of supply due to greater diversification of energy sources Security of supply due to greater diversification of energy sources and decrease of dependency on importand decrease of dependency on import

New possibilities for entrepreneurship and employmentNew possibilities for entrepreneurship and employment

Reduction of pollutant emissions harmful for human health and Reduction of pollutant emissions harmful for human health and eco-systemseco-systems

Reduction of Reduction of SOSO22 in 2010 for 8500 t/year ( in 2010 for 8500 t/year (11% reduction11% reduction), ), NONOXX

for 5000 t/year (for 5000 t/year (6,8% reduction6,8% reduction) and particles for 250 t/year.) and particles for 250 t/year.

BenefitsBenefits of Emission Reduction Measuresof Emission Reduction Measures

1717

POST KYOTO OBJECTIVES POST KYOTO OBJECTIVES LONG TERM OBJECTIVES AFTER 2012:LONG TERM OBJECTIVES AFTER 2012:

• Economy needs to be oriented towards activities with the lowest possible Economy needs to be oriented towards activities with the lowest possible carbon consumption. carbon consumption.

• The Strategy sets the long-term goal of keeping emissions at the level below The Strategy sets the long-term goal of keeping emissions at the level below base-year emissions. With the measures identified today, whose base-year emissions. With the measures identified today, whose effectiveness will be evident only in 3 to 5 years' time, it is feasible for Croatia effectiveness will be evident only in 3 to 5 years' time, it is feasible for Croatia to achieve by 2020, after an emission increase trend, stabilisation of its to achieve by 2020, after an emission increase trend, stabilisation of its emissions at a level below base-year emissions.emissions at a level below base-year emissions.

• An increased presence of measures related to the use of renewable energy An increased presence of measures related to the use of renewable energy sources as well as energy efficiency is anticipated. A larger contribution of sources as well as energy efficiency is anticipated. A larger contribution of measures in the transport sector is particularly expected, whereas emission measures in the transport sector is particularly expected, whereas emission reduction in agriculture is still not expected.reduction in agriculture is still not expected.

• There are significant reserves contained in the potential extensive There are significant reserves contained in the potential extensive implementation of measures in forestry through afforestation (new forests), implementation of measures in forestry through afforestation (new forests), CO2 sinks in the subsurface layers, and use of nuclear energy. Only through CO2 sinks in the subsurface layers, and use of nuclear energy. Only through the implementation of these additional measures it is possible to seriously the implementation of these additional measures it is possible to seriously consider emission reduction in the range of 10 – 20 % as compared to the consider emission reduction in the range of 10 – 20 % as compared to the base year.base year.

1818

Sustainable scenario - final energy Sustainable scenario - final energy consumptionconsumption

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030

Coal and coke RDF Renewable energy Gaseous fuelsLiquid fuels Biofuels Electricity Steam and hot water

PJ

2.8%1.3%6.3%

19.1%

37.8%

23.0%

7.4%2.3%

2020

4.3% 0.1%

4.9%

15.7%

46.5%

20.2%

8.4%

0.0%

2006

2.4% 1.4%

8.6%

18.1%

34.4%

25.1%

7.2%2.9%

2030

1919

Main measures (to 2030)Main measures (to 2030)• RenewablesRenewables

– 36 % RES in electricity 36 % RES in electricity

• Energy efficiencyEnergy efficiency – 10 % RES in land transport10 % RES in land transport

– 20 % RES for heating and cooling20 % RES for heating and cooling

• Connection to Connection to EU ETSEU ETS and use of other flexible mechanisms and use of other flexible mechanisms

• EOREOR (enhanced oil recovery) (enhanced oil recovery)

• CCSCCS on new coal power plants, if on new coal power plants, if AAvvaiailable after year 2020lable after year 2020

• NuclearNuclear energy after in 2024 energy after in 2024

• Measures in Measures in process industryprocess industry (cement, lime, nitric acid, (cement, lime, nitric acid, glass)glass)

• Waste managementWaste management (decrease of waste, energy recovery, (decrease of waste, energy recovery, landfill gas flaring) landfill gas flaring)

2020

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Gg

CO

2-eq

Main measures for emission reduction in Sustainable scenario

Measures in Waste sector

Measures in Agriculture sector

Measures in Industrial processes sector

Fuels change and other measures

Carbon capturing and storage (CCS)

Renewable energy sources

New nuclear plant 1000 MW

Energy efficiency

Sustainable scenario

Total GHGTotal GHG projectionsprojections to 2030to 2030

2121

VE Krtolin – 11,95 MWe(coastal area)

VE island Pag – 5,95 MWe

Thank you for your attention !