21st Century trends in Translation

Presented by:Maimoona Iqbal, Anum Sarfraz, Sidra Haroon

(MPhil Applied Linguistics)

What is Trend?

Trend is a general direction in which something is changing.

Trends do not erupt, they are triggered by some internal or external factors.

Globalization & Technological advancement in the world

Globalization has brought the whole world closer on socio-economic, political and cultural grounds.

Technological advancements, e.g. Invention of computer, smart phones, global broadcasting of films and TV programs.All this has brought visible

change in the trends of translation in the 21st century.

Areas of emerging trends in translation

Following areas are reflecting the contemporary trends in translation: Attitude towards translation Emergence of translation as a field Theoretical approach Tools and Process of translation Scope of translation

Attitude towards translation

Back in history, translation was not taken as an intricate art. Etienne Dolet was burned with his books due to translating

Plato’s work which says When someone dies ‘there is nothing left at all’

Current perceptions about translation:I. Means of transference of knowledgeII. Means of spreading religionIII. Means to excel in businessIV. Means to communicate and build interpersonal

relationships with the worldV. Means to preserve and spread ones’ culture e.g. Ali, A. (1941)‘Twilight in Delhi’ Jahan, B. (1963)‘Delhi ki aik Shaam’

Emergence of Translation as a field

Independent translation centers Professional translator teams Freelance translators Translation studies department in universities

(Center for Languages and Translation Studies UOG)

Professional degrees and diplomas (National University of Modern Languages (B.S & certificate in Translation Studies)

Grand scale translation of books (e.g. Translation of Japanese Encyclopedia by Fan Diji,1904 in Shanghai)

Translators are highly paid

Theoretical Trend in 21st century translation

Cultural turn

Susan Bassnett, Levy and Albrecht Neubert talked about the cultural turn in translation. This approach claims that every text belongs to a specific culture, translation is not about preserving the culture of that SL, translation is ‘Re-creation’ of the SL text in the TL in such a way that it produces the same impact on the TL reader.

Example of Culture in translation

“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day

Thou art more lovely and more temperate”

(William Shakespeare)“And verily, We have made Quran easy for remembering, is there then any one to remember?” (Al Quran, Surah Al Qamar,17)

21st century trends in Translation tools & Process

Technological advancements in the world has brought new trends in translation process as well. These recent trends in translation are following: Machine translation(software like Systran, Trados) Translation memory software automated real-time translations (both spoken &

written) Computer Assisted Translation Digital dictionaries Collaborative translation Transliteration

Scope of translation in 21st Century

Translation in 21st century is not limited to literary or non-literary texts only, its scope has widened so far, now translations are used in the following areas as well: Films & TV drama Dubbing (Oral Interlingual) Subtitles (intersemiotic) Surtitles (intersemiotic) Complete written lyrics of the song (intersemiotic) Instructional manuals in more than one language Games and websites user-interface in more than one

language Bar codes (intersemiotic)

21st century Translation Trends in Pakistan

Transliteration (Roman English ‘MAIN KHANA KHAA RAHA HOON’)

TV channels are dubbing their transmissions in urdu Arooj Geo Kahani See TV Urdu 1

Professional training for translator International Islamic University, Islamabad. (B.S & M.S in

Translation Studies) National University of Modern Languages (B.S & certificate in

Translation Studies) Digital Dictionaries Professional translation services like (‘Pakistanis.pk’,

‘translationdirectory.pk & paklingo.com) Real-time translation (helpline services in Urdu and

English)

References Anderman, G. & Rogers, M. (2003) ‘Translation

Today : Trends and Perspectives’ Bassnett, S.(2003) ‘Translation Studies’ Delabastita, D. (2003) ‘Translation Studies for

21st century: Trends & Perspectives’ Hermans, T. (1540) ‘The Way to Translate Well

from one Language to Another’ Nair, V.S. & Mishra, A.K. (2014) ‘Translation

Today.’

THANK YOU