1865-1895 TimelineBy Sydney Davidson

Great Plains (1832) Chief Joseph(1840)• The Vast Grassland that extends

through the central portion of North America, from Texas to Canada, east of the Rocky Mountains

• A Nez Perce chief who, faced with settlement by whites of tribal lands in organ, led his followers in a dramatic effort to escape to Canada.

HomesteadAct (1862) Nez Perce(1877)

• Offering 160 acres of land free to any citizen or intended citizen who was head of the household.

Native American people living in the pacific northwest region of the United States.

Exoduster(1862-1990) Buffalo Soliders(1866)• African Americans who moved

from the post-reconstruction south to Kansas

• The name given by the Plains Indians to the four regiments of African Americans, and more particularly to the two cavary regiments, that served on the frontiers in the post civil war army.

Sand Creek Massacre Transcontinental Railroad(1864) (1887)

• One of the most tragic events occurred. Most of the Cheyenne assuming they were under the protection of the U.S. Government, had peacefully returned to Colorado’s Sand Creek Reserve for the winter.

• A contiguous network of railroad trackage that crosses a continental landmass with terminals at different oceans or continental borders.

Sitting Bull(1868) George Armstrong Custer(1864)• Tatanka Tyotanka, leader of the

Hunkpap Sioux, had neversigned it. Although the Ogala and bruleSioux did sign the treaty they expected to continue using their traditional hunting grounds.

• Reported that the black hills had gold “from the grass roots down” a gold rush was on.

Battle Of Little Big Assimilation (1800’s)Horn(1876)

• The Battle Of Little Big Horn fought on June 25,1876,near the Little Big Horn river in Montana Territorty, Pitted federal troops led by lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer against a band of Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne warriors.

• A plan under which Native Americans would give up their beliefs and way of life and became apart of the white culture.

Dawes Act(1887) Ghost Dance(1890)

• Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to “Americanize” the Native Americans

• Was a new religious movement incorporated into numerous Native American belief systems

Wounded Knee(1890) Longhorns(1865)• The seventh cavalary-custer’s old

regiment-rounded up about 350 starving and freezing Sioux and tookl them to a camp at wounded knee creek in South Dakota.

• Were sturdy,short-tempered breeds accustomed to the dry grasslands of southern Spain.

Poll Tax(1879) Long Drive (1800’s)• An annual tax that had to be paid before

qualifying to vote. Black as well as white were often to poor to pay the pool tax.

This overland transport of the animals often lasted about 3 months. A typical drive included one cowboy for every 250 to 300 head of cattle.

Homesteader(1862) Soddy (1850)• Settlers on this free land, private

speculators and railroad and state government agents sometimes used the law for their own gain.

• Those who moved to the flat plains often made free standing houses by stacking blocks of prairie turf. Soddies were small, however offered little light.

Oliver Kelly Bimetallism(1887)(1867) • Started the patrons of

Husbandry, an organization for framers the became popularly known as the Grange.

• Monetary system in which the government would give citizens either gold or silver in exchange for paper currency or checks.

Grange(1870’s) William McKinley(1896)• Its original purpose was to

provide a social outlet and an educational forum for isolated farm families

• The Republican party started its firm commitment to the gold standard and nominated William McKinley for president.

William Jenning Bryan Grandfather Clause(1890) (1895) • Editor of the Omahla World-

Herald, delivered an impassioned address to the assembled delegates.

• The clause stated that even if a man failed the literacy test or could not afford poll tax, he was still entitled to vote if his father, his grandfather had been eligible vote before January 1,1867.

• At the same time that blacks lost voting rights, southern states passed segregation laws to separate white and black people in public places and private facilities.

Segregation(1870’s-1880’s)Debt Peonage(1867)

• A system that bound laborers into slavery in order to work off a debt to the employer.

Samuel Gompers Eugene v Debs(1884)(1886)• Led the Cigar maker’s

International Union to join with other craft unions

• Made the first major attempt to form such an industrial union- the America Railway Union

Socialism(1848) Ellis Island(1892)• Carried to its extreme form in

the overthrow of the capitalist system.

• Castle Garden, New York which was later moved to Ellis Island in New York, New York Harbor. About 20% of the immigrants at Ellis Island were detained for a day or more before being inspected.

Jim Crow Laws Angel Island(1890) (1877)• These laws became know as Jim Crow

Laws after a popular old minstrel song that ended in the words “jump, Jim crow”. Racial segregation was put into effect in schools, hospitals, parks, and transportation systems through the south.

• About 50,000 Chinese Immigrants entered the United States through Angel Island.

Jacob Riis(1870) Dumbell Tenements (1879(

• He is considered to be one of the fathers of photojourlism

• Were made in response to a new law passed, it stated that every inhabitable room must have at least one window for fresh air to come in

Settlement Houses Joseph Pulitzer(1800’s) (1883)• Community centers in slum

neighborhoods that provided assistance to people in the area, especially immigrants.

• A Hungarian immigrant who had bought the New York World in 1883, pioneered innovations, such as a large Sunday edition, comics, sports coverage, and women’s news.

Sweat Shops(1830) Collective Bargaining (1891)• Often have poor working

conditions, unfair wages, unreasonable hours, child labor, and lack of benefits for workers

• Negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by and organized body of employees

Mugwumps(1884) Vanderbuilt Family (1877)• A person who remains aloof or

independent, especially from panty pilitics

• An American family of Dutch origins that was prominent during the glided age

Culture Shock(1868) “Cross Of Gold Speech”(1896)• The difficulty people have

adjusting to a new culture that differs from their own

• Was delivered by William Jenning Bryan, a former United States Representative from Nebraska, at the Democratic National Convention

Greenbacks Colored Farmer’s (mid 1800’s) Alliance(1886)• A slang term for U.S. paper

dollars• Southern alliance did not allow

black farmers to join the alliance. A group of black farmers decided to organize their own alliance.

National Farmer’s Omaha PlatformAlliance(1870-1880) (1892)• An organized agrian economic

movement among American farmers

• Was the party program that adapted at the formative convention of the populist party held in Omaha, Nebraska.

Urbanization(1890) Graft(1878)

• Growth of cities, mostly in the regions of the northwest and midwest

• The illegal use of political influence for personal gain

Political Machine Kickback(1857)(1875)• An organized group that

controlled the activities of a political party in a city.

• The payment of something of value to an individual with the goal of persuading or influencing his or her decision or performance in a certain situation.

Tammany Hall Tweed Ring(1868) (1869-1871)• New York City’s powerful

Democratic Political Machine• Led the tweed ring, a group of

corrupt politicians, in defrauding the city.

Patronage(1869) Civil Service(1855)• The giving of government jobs to

people who had helped a candidate get elected.

• Government administration-should go to the most qualified persons. Reformers believe.

Fredrick Law Olmsted Bessemer Process(1857) (1850)

• Spread the movement for planned urban parks.

• Developed independently by the British manufacture Henry Bessemer and the American iron maker William Kelly

Thomas Alva Edison Alexander Graham Bell(1876) (1848)• Became a pioneer on the new

industrial frontier when he established the worlds first research laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey

• Born in Scotland to penniless parents, he came to this country in 1848 at age 1. Six years later, he worked his way up to become private secretary to the local superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad.