By Pranav, Anoop& Shivanand

What is climate change

Greenhouse effect

Introduction

Causes of climate change

Effects of climate change

Recommendations

Sources

The climate of a region is defined by the average temperature, humidity, wind direction and sunshine of the region.

If all this changes considerably, we may say that ‘climate change’ has occurred.

Throughout the earth’s history ,there have been changes in climate and that’s why evolution and adaptation has taken place.

So we may say that the climate of the earth is ever changing

The earth receives energy from sun mostly in visible and UV spectrum.

When this energy is gained by earth, she reradiates it back in form of IR radiation.

This IR radiation is absorbed by GHGs (as they are IR active)and is liberated back in atmosphere.

This cycle helps earth keep warm or else the average earth’s temperature would be 1celcius

Activities that generate GHGs are called sources

and those that remove them are called sinks.

When the cycle of source-sinks is

disturbed, climate change occurs.

This is caused by either internal or external

changes occurring regarding earth.

Our focus is on external changes.

HUMAN NATURAL

Agriculture

Deforestation

Pollution

Sun storms

Volcanic eruptions

Heat waves

Chill waves

Current changes

CH4 is emitted on a large scale by cows and bulls which are ruminating animals. Every time, when they digest food CH4 is liberated.

It is about 70-120 kg methane in a year !! Another 15-20% of the total CH4 emissions

come from paddy fields that are flooded during sowing and maturing periods.

Nearly 90%of the paddy area is done in Asia. Large paddy plantations are existing inTamhini

ghat and in the small towns near pune.A large volume of N2O emissions has been

attributed to fertilizer application.But still, our farmers use 4 times more fertilizers

than expected.Also, N2O is 200 times more stronger GHG than

CO2.

62000 trees are cut in last 7 years in Pune (legally).

The hills in Pune-ARAI tekdi, parvati, taljai are the only carbon sinks of Pune we should try to conserve them.

Govn has allowed 40% construction on such hills. We think this should be opposed.

20% of global greenhouse gas emissions result from deforestation and degradation of forest.

Forests contain about 125 percent of the carbon found in the atmosphere. This carbon is stored in the form of wood and vegetation through "carbon sequestration".

Deforestation will also disturb the ‘carbon cycle’ This will again boost carbon production and the

cycle will go stronger and stronger along time.

Private As we all know, Pune has the maximum

number of two wheelers in the world.(19 lakh)So our city’s maximum source of pollution is

vehicles .On average, 0.62 lbsCO2/mile is released by

a vehicle in pune.So about 120lakh pounds of co2 & 60000

RSPM is released every day by vehicles alone.

LAXMI ROAD NO TRAFFIC SENSE

There are 10 power plants in or on the outskirts

of Pune.

On average,300lbs co2 is produced by those in a

day.

A study has shown that about 3030 kg rspm is

released in air by small scale power plants in a

day

According to a study, 1 degree Celsius rise in

climate of Pune will do 3-7% loss on potatoes,

soybean, mustard and WHEAT!!

By 2050, 20% loss on almost all crops is

expected in Maharashtra.

Good thing is that increase of co2 levels in

Pune(550ppm) has brought 15% increase in rice

and legumes.

Increased droughts and floods will affect availability of crops in future.

Animal distress due to heat .Effects on reproduction and milk quantity have occurred.

So loss of 1.5 million tons of milk is expected by 2020 in Maharashtra.

Cases of extreme rain fall have doubled in Pune in 50 years. This has affected mango market in Pune.

Vector borne diseases have increased

alarmingly in recent years as warmer

climate is suitable for mosquitoes to

survive and reproduce.

160 deaths were recorded in 10 yrs due to

malaria in Pune.

Pune’s biomes having short lifespan of 50 yrs

are still most vulnerable to projected climate

change.

Vetal tekdi has seen 10% loss in its forest cover

since 2000.

Good thing is increased CO2 levels have

boosted forest productivity in Maharashtra by

15%

15-40% of species will face extinction in India

with rise in 2 degree Celsius(50 years from now).

As we will see next by the graphs done by

ourselves, average temperatures will go

increasing.

So biomes will be disturbed greatly resulting loss

of chances of survival of species.

As we can see the required rainfall for Pune to

meet its needs is 1150.3mm.

Average rainfall of Pune is 798.2 mm

But this feat has never been achieved in last 50

years. So we must reconsider this issue

seriously and improve forest cover.

If you are idling your vehicle for more than

10sec, then you must turn the engine off as it

gives more CO2 than starting the engine.

About 80 vehicles were standing at S.P college

chowk for 90 seconds(this is done by ourself).

According to carbon footprint meter,idling vehicle

for 1 min=1mile=0.80lbs carbon

Reccomendations

So 96 pounds of carbon is released in just 1 chowk

of Pune in just 1 minute.

Imagine the number of such chowks in Pune and

the CO2 releasedin such chowks.

And imagine the CO2 released in 1 day.

WE JUST TURN OFF CAR AT

SIGNALS, WE MAKE A

DIFFERENCE!!!!