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B.Lewin Genes

J.Watson Molecular biology of the geneB.Alberts Molecular biology of the cellH.Lodish Molecular cell biology

(nucleobases)

PyrimidinePurineAdenineGuanineThymineCytosine

- (ATP)

( ) (.. ).

12345

++--

15432

: (), (), (G) (C)

AdenineGuanineThymine : A, C, G, T. 5- 3-. () (sugar backbone).53

Francis Crick & James Watson

Francis Crick (1916-2004)

James Watson

,

(1951) A + G = C + T , A = T; C = G

-

-

- - (Watson-Crick base-pairs)

2,8 3,0 2,9 3,0 2,9

11,1 10,8

(double helix) ,

A-DNAB-DNAZ-DNA

- =

,

Hershey-Chase , 32 35S , - .

! , , 2-3 . : 4 . : 1-70 ??

, , . 147 .

- - - 30 -

Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) ,

DNA vs. RNA (5-)2-- ! m5C, m6A ! mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, snRNA, snoRNA, miRNA, ,

tRNA

http://prion.bchs.uh.edu/bp_type/bp_structure.html

Triplexes : rRNA tRNA ( )

G - Quadruplexes - . ( )