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Next Generation Networks

Indonesia Network Operator Group – IDNOG

Himawan Nugroho!

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Cisco Systems, Singapore, 2006 – 2008 Cisco Systems, Dubai, 2008 – present Cisco Live Speakers, 2011 – present

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‘’It’s not who you are underneath,

it’s what you do

thatdefines you”!

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I’m a storyteller. I tell stories !

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I’m your Budi!

http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1925

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Pandawa Networks!5

Future proof?!

Improve customer

experience?!

Optimize Capex-Opex?!

Agile infrastructure?!

Multi Services?!

Clean Internet?!

Local content?!

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! Passive Optical Network (PON) !  " Lower CAPEX !  " Lower power consumption !  " Less CO rack space needed !  " Asymmetric BW split !  " More complex troubleshooting

! Ethernet !  " Easier BW upgrades !  " Easier unbundling !  " More space needed at CO for

distribution frames !  " More fiber duct utilization

PON ETH

Splitter 1:2

ONTs ONTs

Splitter 1:32

Splitter 1:64

OLT

Point to Multipoint Point to Point

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Customer Gateway Internet Router DC Gateway Cache Redirection

2.5Gb/s (DS) 1.25 Gb/s (US)

2.5Gb/s (DS) 1.25 Gb/s (US)

Customer ODN CO

2.5Gb/s (DS) 1.25 Gb/s (US)

U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y

OLT Apartment

Residential Bungalows

Retail, Mall Hotel, Stadium, University, School

Offices

DNS, DHCP

2.5Gb/s (DS) 1.25 Gb/s (US)

2.5Gb/s (DS) 1.25 Gb/s (US)

DATA CENTER INTERNET

Cache

Internet/Transit

Internet/Transit

AAA

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Internet/Transit

Internet/Transit

Data Center

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Core Router

Access Aggregation Core

OLT Apartment

Residential Bungalows

Retail, Mall

Offices

DNS, DHCP

Service Router INTERNET

Cache + Filter

Internet/Transit

Internet/Transit

AAA

DATA CENTER

DC Switch

ASBR

Customer Gateway

Cache Redirection

Internet Gateway

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Internet/Transit

Internet/Transit

Data Center

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MPLS (Layer 2.5) Shim Header Fields: Label, 20 bits Experimental (CoS), 3 bits Stacking bit, 1 bit. This is the bottom-of-stack bit. 1=on=last label. Time to live, 8 bits

TTL#Label#(20#bits)# CoS# S#

IP#Packet#32#bits#

L2#Header# MPLS#Header#

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Question: !How will the PE routers forward the VPN packets across the MPLS VPN backbone? !

Result:!•  The P routers perform label switching, and the packet reaches the egress PE router !•  The egress PE router performs a lookup on the VPN label and forwards the packet toward the CE router !

Answer: !They will label the VPN packets with a label stack, using the LDP label for !the egress PE router as the top label, and the VPN label assigned by the !egress PE router as the second label in the stack. !

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Question: !How will the ingress PE router get the second label in the !label stack from the egress PE router?!

Answer: !Labels are propagated in MP-BGP VPNv4 routing updates.!

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PE Router

Access MPLS Backbone Core

DNS, DHCP, AAA

Service Router INTERNET

Cache + Filter

Internet/Transit

Internet/Transit

SIP + Voice GW

DATA CENTER

DC Switch

ASBR

Customer Gateway/CE

Cache Redirection

Internet Gateway

Service PE

CE

P Router

MP-BGP RR

PE Router SIP client

VVVV

PSTN

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Internet/Transit

Internet/Transit

Data Center

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•  Assume a flow from A to B

•  T1: when L dies, the best path is impacted loss of traffic

•  T2: When the traffic reaches the destination again through the computed next best path. If fast reroutes technologies are used, this may happen well before the network convergence Once the network converges, a next best path is computed

•  Loss of Connectivity: T2 – T1, called “convergence” hereafter

•  Traffic can be restored long before the convergence time if fast reroute technology is used

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•  Minimize network downtime/traffic loss “Classical” Convergence > 1 sec. Fast Convergence < 1 sec. Fast Re-Route < 50-100 msec.

•  Support all types (Link, Node or SRLG) of IP/MPLS restoration mechanisms.

•  Keep it simple and straight.

•  Keep it cost effective (both CAPEX/OPEX)

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STB / Receiver

IPTV Source

Out-of-band source directory, example: web server

Receiver learns of source, group/port

B A C D

E IGMPv3 (S, G) Join

Receiver sends IGMPv3 (S,G) Join

(S, G) Join

First-hop sends PIM (S,G) Join directly toward Source

Result: Shortest path tree rooted at the source, with no shared tree.

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PE Router

Access MPLS Backbone

DNS, DHCP, AAA

Service Router INTERNET

Cache + Filter

Internet/Transit

Internet/Transit

SIP + Voice GW

DATA CENTER

DC Switch

ASBR

Customer Gateway/CE

Cache Redirection

Internet Gateway

Service PE

CE

P Router

MP-BGP RR

PE Router SIP client

VVVV

PSTN

VVVV

PSTN

DC Firewall Load Balancer

STB

IPTV

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Internet/Transit

Internet/Transit

Data Center

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•  Optimize bandwidth utilization for Video, Voice and Data apps

•  Drives productivity by enhancing service-levels to mission-critical applications

•  Helps maintain network availability in the event of DoS/worm attacks

Quality of Service

Network Availability

Security

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How Does It Work and Essential Elements CLASSIFICATION AND

MARKING QUEUEING AND DROPPING POST-QUEUING

OPERATIONS

•  Classification and Marking: The first element to a QoS policy is to classify/identify the traffic that is to be treated differently; following classification, marking tools can set an attribute of a frame or packet to a specific value

•  Policing: Determine whether packets are conforming to administratively-defined traffic rates and take action accordingly; such action could include marking, remarking or dropping a packet

•  Scheduling (including Queuing and Dropping): Scheduling tools determine how a frame/packet exits a device; queuing algorithms are activated only when a device is experiencing congestion and are deactivated when the congestion clears

•  Link Specific Mechanisms (Shaping, Fragmentation, Compression, Tx Ring) Offers network administrators tools to optimize link utilization

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Business Requirements Will Evolve and Expand over Time

Time

Critical Data

Realtime

4-Class Model

Best Effort

Signaling / Control Call Signaling

Critical Data

Interactive Video

Voice

8-Class Model

Scavenger

Best Effort

Streaming Video

Network Control

Network Management

Realtime Interactive

Transactional Data

Multimedia Conferencing

Voice

12-Class Model

Bulk Data

Scavenger

Best Effort

Multimedia Streaming

Network Control

Broadcast Video

Call Signaling

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What Difference Does It Make?

CE1 PE1

Uniform

Pipe

Short Pipe

IP IP IP/MPLS PE2 CE2

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Internet/Transit

Internet/Transit

Internet/Transit

Internet/Transit

Data Center

Data Center

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RSP

LC

LC

LC

LC

RSP

LC

LC

LC

LC

Cluster – nV (Network Virtualization)

Key motivation is in the Access edge: Simpler Access Dual-homing •  scaling the L2/L3 control plane (not data plane) Key motivation is in the Core:

Simpler Core PoP •  scaling the non-blocking data plane •  back-to-back, 2+1, 8+2, etc.

Cluster (one L2 & IP/MPLS control plane)

Cluster + Satellites

(remote linecards)

Multi-Chassis (one router)

RP

LC

LC

RP

LC

Multi-Chassis - IP Core

LC

LC

LC

LC

dRP

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ISO/IEC 42010:2007, Systems and Software Engineering

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Access!

Ethernet Node

Ethernet Node

DSL Node

PON Node

Access! Carrier Ethernet Aggregation!Aggregation

Node

Distribution Node

Distribution Node

Aggregation Node

Core Network IP / MPLS

Content Network

TV SIP

Content Network

TV SIP

IP Edge! Multiservice Core!

MPLS/IPoDWDM Optical Network

Core Node

Core Node

Business

Corporate

Business

Corporate

2G/3G RBS

Residential

STB

Residential

STB

Residential

STB

Business

Corporate

Pre-Agg /AggNode

Aggregation Node

MPLS/IP/Ethernet

BSC/RNC

BSC/RNC Cell Site Gateway

MPLS/IP Transport

Transport Deployment: VPWS, VPLS

Service Aware Deployment: VPWS, VPLS, MPLS VPN/IP

HSI Service Edge Node

Optional Video Service Edge Node

Optional Business Service Edge Node

NMS Service Management SEF EMS ACS Performance Management AAA, DHCP, DNS,

OAM Subsystem

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Market Services Access SLA Type SLA Example

Residential Internet Access Ethernet, DSL, PON Transport

Dynamic access bandwidth, session/idle timeout, advertisements, post paid/prepaid (time and volume)

VoIP Telephony Ethernet, DSL, PON Application

The number of VoIP appliances, SIP URLs/PST Phone numbers, active calls, VoIP call quality

VoD Ethernet, DSL, PON Application The number of STBs, stream quality, content flavours, charging models

TV Ethernet, DSL, PON Application The number of STBs, type of TV packages, SD vs HD content and delivery quality

Business L3 VPN Ethernet, DSL, PON, POS TDM Transport

Access bandwidth, differentiated services support, L3 VPN topology, managed services (unicast and multicast)

E-Line Ethernet, DSL*, PON* Transport Access bandwidth, differentiated services support, transparency

E-LAN Ethernet, DSL*, PON* Transport Access bandwidth, differentiated services support, multipoint transport, transparency

Legacy VPWS FR, and FR to IP (Ethernet) Transport

Guaranteed bandwidth per FR DLCI service. Also FR DLCI transport with IP interworking and Ethernet Access.

Transport Mobile RAN

2G, 3G R99, 3G R5, R8 Transport

Guaranteed bandwidth, delay and jitter synchronization (frequency and phase) accuracy inline with Mobile Radio technology

HSI Wholesale

Ethernet, DSL, PON Transport

Aggregated bandwidth on ISP level, differentiated services support, with subscriber management at ISP, with L2TP or MPLS VPN transport

Triple Play Wholesale

Ethernet, DSL, PON Transport

Aggregated bandwidth on ISP level, differentiated services support, transparent P2P Ethernet transport for unicast services, P2MP Ethernet transport for IPTV

Contribution Video

Ethernet, Video HD-SDI Transport Guaranteed bandwidth, delay, jitter , and close to zero or zero loss

* Ethernet Relay Point to Point and Multipoint only

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1)  Reduce the number of networks !  IP NGN = single multiservice network

2)  Reduce the number of layers !  IP NGN = IP/MPLS + DWDM

3)  Reduce the number of nodes !  Direct Links = huge broadband traffic takes shortest path

4)  Reduce the number of links !  MPLS Technology = statistical multiplex and hierarchy

5)  Innovate – make use of modern technologies !  Moore’s Law = Lower TCO, Price/Gigabit, Watt/Gigabit

Optimization: How to move bits cheaper... ...reduce OPEX, CAPEX, and keep reasonable quality?

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•  IPv4 address pool exhausted

•  NGN Capabilities to Defence

•  Government Mandates

•  Cable market address scaling

•  Population densities in various countries

•  4G deployments

•  Smart Grids/Sensor Networks

•  Connected Communities

•  IPv4 connects computers

•  IPv6 connects people and things

IPv6 is an enabler It is NOT a new service

It allows anything to connect to everything

Why Move To IPv6?

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IPv4 Address

HOST: 156.50.20.1

NET: 156.50.0.0/16

IPv6 Address

FE80::20B:60FF:FEA7:D81A

2001:0:0:A1::/64

Network Operator

I need some Catnip…

HEX is a curse…

Comparison of Address Type Syntax (CATS) Why we need IPv6 Address Management Tool

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IPv4 Address Run-Out

IPv4

IPv6 6rd

CGN +

6rd

Dual Stack

DS- Lite

Obtain IPv4 Addresses

MAP

CGN

IPv4 Address Sharing

IPv4 # IPv6 Transition Technologies in one Slide

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IPv4 Internet

IPv4 Backbone

Double step stateful translation: !  At CPE level

Between home network and ISP access network !  At CGN level

Between ISP network and public address network From CGN perspective: NAT44 = NAT444

IPv4 Traffic

CGN CPE

Source Address = 10.1.1.10 Outside Address = 170.0.0.1

Translated Address = 10.8.1.111

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IPv6 Backbone

IPv6 Internet

IPv4 Internet

!  Two flavors: –  stateful (1:n) –  stateless (1:1)

! DNS64 to resolve IPv4 domain names

IPv4 Traffic IPv6 Traffic

CGN NAT64

Source Address = 2001:db8:1::10 Outside Address = 170.0.0.0

NAT64

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•  NfV initiative announced at SDN and OpenFlow World Congress, October 2012 Industry Specification Group (ISG) with ETSI

•  Leveraging cloud technology to support virtualizing specific network functions

vSwitch((Nexus(1000v)(

vRouter((CSR1000v)( vISE(

vFW((ASA(1000v)(

vWAAS( vESA( vWLC(

vRouteReflector(vNAM(vVideoCache(

VSG(

vWSA(

Nexus/Catalyst# ASR/ISR/CRS# IdenCty/Policy#D#ISE# Firewall#D#ASA#

WAAS# Email#Security#D#ESA# Wireless#LAN#Controller#

IOS/XR#RR#Video#Cache# Web#Security#D#WSA# Network#Analysis#D#NAM#

Security#Gateway#

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PE Router

Access MPLS Backbone

Switch Firewall

DNS DHCP AAA

Load Balancer SIP GW

IPTV Cache Filter

Service Router INTERNET

Internet/Transit

Internet/Transit

VIRTUALIZEDDATA CENTER

ASBR

Customer Gateway/CE

Cache Redirection

Internet Gateway

Service PE

CE

P Router

MP-BGP RR

PE Router SIP client

PSTN

STB NAT VM

Firewall VM

SBC VM

dDOS VM

Virus Scan VM

IPS VM

DPI VM

CGN VM

Portal VM

PCRF VM

DNS VM

DHCP VM

BNG VM

SDN Ctrl. VM

RaaS VM

WLC VM

WAAS VM

CDN VM

Caching

VM NMS VM

vRR VM

vRR VM

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Ideas are !cheap!!

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