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Page 1: World War I 1914-1919. Europe – late 19c Peace Efforts Peace Efforts Pacifism Pacifism Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Olympic

World War IWorld War I

1914-19191914-1919

Page 2: World War I 1914-1919. Europe – late 19c Peace Efforts Peace Efforts Pacifism Pacifism Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Olympic

Europe – late 19cEurope – late 19c

Peace EffortsPeace EffortsPacifismPacifismNobel Peace Prize est. (1895)Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895)Olympic games (1896)Olympic games (1896)Hague Tribunal set up (1899)Hague Tribunal set up (1899)

Page 3: World War I 1914-1919. Europe – late 19c Peace Efforts Peace Efforts Pacifism Pacifism Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Olympic

Europe Europe

Page 4: World War I 1914-1919. Europe – late 19c Peace Efforts Peace Efforts Pacifism Pacifism Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Olympic

Tension & Rivalry in EuropeTension & Rivalry in Europe

Impact of nationalismImpact of nationalismFrance, Germany = rivalsFrance, Germany = rivals

Franco-Prussian War 1871; Alsace & Franco-Prussian War 1871; Alsace & LorraineLorraine

Eastern EuropeEastern EuropePan-Slavism; duty of Russia to protectPan-Slavism; duty of Russia to protectAustria-Hungary feared rebellion in its Austria-Hungary feared rebellion in its

empireempireOttoman Empire threatened; recent Ottoman Empire threatened; recent

independent nations like Serbia and Greeceindependent nations like Serbia and Greece

Page 5: World War I 1914-1919. Europe – late 19c Peace Efforts Peace Efforts Pacifism Pacifism Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Olympic

Tension & Rivalry in EuropeTension & Rivalry in Europe

ImperialismImperialism France & Germany fight over MoroccoFrance & Germany fight over Morocco Brought to the brink of war in 1905 and 1911Brought to the brink of war in 1905 and 1911 Britain came to France’s aidBritain came to France’s aid

MilitarismMilitarism Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism ““The stronger has to rule and must not mate with the The stronger has to rule and must not mate with the

weaker; Only the born weakling can consider this cruel.” weaker; Only the born weakling can consider this cruel.” - Adolf Hitler- Adolf Hitler

War and soldiers were glorified, portrayed romanticallyWar and soldiers were glorified, portrayed romantically Britain and Germany increased naval spendingBritain and Germany increased naval spending

Economic rivalry alsoEconomic rivalry also

Page 6: World War I 1914-1919. Europe – late 19c Peace Efforts Peace Efforts Pacifism Pacifism Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Olympic

Tension & Rivalry in EuropeTension & Rivalry in Europe

Alliance SystemAlliance SystemCauses – paranoia, sense of security???Causes – paranoia, sense of security???Triple Alliance – Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Germany, Austria-Hungary,

ItalyItalyTriple Entente – Triple Entente – France, Britain, RussiaFrance, Britain, RussiaOthersOthers

Japan and Great BritainJapan and Great BritainGermany and Ottoman EmpireGermany and Ottoman Empire

Page 7: World War I 1914-1919. Europe – late 19c Peace Efforts Peace Efforts Pacifism Pacifism Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Olympic

Event that triggered WWI…Event that triggered WWI…

Assassination of Archduke Franz Assassination of Archduke Franz FerdinandFerdinandHeir to Austro-Hungarian throneHeir to Austro-Hungarian throneVisiting Sarajevo (Bosnia)Visiting Sarajevo (Bosnia)Killed by a Serbian nationalist – Gavrilo Killed by a Serbian nationalist – Gavrilo

Princip of the Black HandPrincip of the Black HandLarge Serb minority there Large Serb minority there Wanted Slavic freedom from A-H ruleWanted Slavic freedom from A-H rule

A-H issues ultimatum – let us investigate A-H issues ultimatum – let us investigate or war!or war!

Page 8: World War I 1914-1919. Europe – late 19c Peace Efforts Peace Efforts Pacifism Pacifism Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Olympic

WWI Alliances WWI Alliances Allied Powers (Triple Entente)

- Britain

- France

- Russia

- Italy (1915)

- United States (1917)

Central Powers

- Germany

- Austria – Hungary

- Ottoman Empire

*Italy withdrew from Triple Alliance prior to war

Page 9: World War I 1914-1919. Europe – late 19c Peace Efforts Peace Efforts Pacifism Pacifism Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Olympic

And so war begins…And so war begins…

A-H declares war on SerbiaA-H declares war on SerbiaRussia mobilizes troops to help Russia mobilizes troops to help

SerbiaSerbiaGermany says, “Stop mobilization or Germany says, “Stop mobilization or

we’ll declare war!”we’ll declare war!”

Page 10: World War I 1914-1919. Europe – late 19c Peace Efforts Peace Efforts Pacifism Pacifism Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Olympic

WWI FrontsWWI Fronts

Western front Western front (Germany, France, Belgium)(Germany, France, Belgium)

Germany’s planGermany’s planAvoid a two front war; take care of France Avoid a two front war; take care of France

first via Belgiumfirst via Belgium

Eastern Front Eastern Front (Germany, Austria-Hungary, (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia)Russia)

ProblemsProblemsTrench warfare caused a stalemateTrench warfare caused a stalemate

Page 11: World War I 1914-1919. Europe – late 19c Peace Efforts Peace Efforts Pacifism Pacifism Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Olympic
Page 12: World War I 1914-1919. Europe – late 19c Peace Efforts Peace Efforts Pacifism Pacifism Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Olympic

WWI – First mechanized warWWI – First mechanized war

Rapid fire machine gunsRapid fire machine gunsCouldn’t go through “no man’s land”Couldn’t go through “no man’s land”

Chemical warfareChemical warfareAircraftAircraft

Zeppelins (reconnaissance mostly)Zeppelins (reconnaissance mostly)AirplanesAirplanes

TanksTanksU-boats – most damageU-boats – most damage

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Page 14: World War I 1914-1919. Europe – late 19c Peace Efforts Peace Efforts Pacifism Pacifism Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Olympic

Mechanized warfare = total Mechanized warfare = total warwar

Total war = Total war = a nation uses all a nation uses all

its resources for war effortits resources for war effort Raised taxes and Raised taxes and

borrowed, rationed goodsborrowed, rationed goods Censored mediaCensored media All citizens involvedAll citizens involved

Page 15: World War I 1914-1919. Europe – late 19c Peace Efforts Peace Efforts Pacifism Pacifism Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Nobel Peace Prize est. (1895) Olympic

US declares war on Germany US declares war on Germany 19171917

ReasonsReasonsPropagandaPropagandaSinking of the Sinking of the Lusitania 1915Lusitania 1915Zimmerman telegramZimmerman telegram

Germany appealed to Mexico for helpGermany appealed to Mexico for helpBritain revealed message to USBritain revealed message to US

US troops provided morale boostUS troops provided morale boostGermany signs an armistice Nov. 11, Germany signs an armistice Nov. 11,

19181918Formal treaties signed in June, 1919Formal treaties signed in June, 1919


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