Download pdf - Why Breweries CO - Michigan...Why Breweries and CO2 •Craft Breweries are growing exponentially 1999 ‐~ 1000 Craft Breweries 2012 – 2420 Craft Breweries 2016 – 5234 Craft Breweries

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Combined Risk of CO2 Exposure, Workload Demand, and Ergonomic

Stress on Brewers*

*Or how to obtain free beer in the course of worthy scientific pursuits

Michigan Safety Conference

March 22, 2018

Dave Huizen, CIH* and James McGlothlin PhD**

*ProfessorGrand Valley State University

Grand Rapids, Michigan

**Professor EmeritusPurdue University

Grand Rapids, Michigan

Why Breweries and CO2

• Craft Breweries are growing exponentially

1999 ‐ ~ 1000 Craft Breweries

2012 – 2420 Craft Breweries

2016 – 5234 Craft Breweries

• Carbon Dioxide Exposure Issue

2013 – Seven Deaths Grupo Modelo

2013 – AB cited $88,000 for CO2 Exposure

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The Brewing Process and CO2 Exposure

CO2 Exposure

Carbon Dioxide Health Effects

Concentration of CO2 (ppm)Effects

300‐400 Normal concentration of air

350 – 1,000Concentrations typical of occupied indoor spaces with good air exchange

1,000 – 2,000 Complaints of drowsiness and poor air

2,000‐5,000Headaches, sleepiness, and stagnant, stale, stuffy air. Poor concentration, loss of attention, increased heart rate and slight nausea may also be present

5,000 Lung ventilation increases by 5%

10,000Symptoms such as fatigue, anxiety, loss of energy & weakness in the knees begin to occur

20,000Lung ventilation increases by 50%, severe headache after several hours of exposure

>50,000

Violent panting and fatigue to the point of exhaustion merely from respiration & severe headache. Prolonged exposure at this level could result in irreversible health effects

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Carbon Dioxide Health Effects

• Some Studies

– Additional Effects At Low Levels (3000 PPM)

• Cognitive Impairment

• Other Studies

– Only above when CO2 is accompanied with bio‐effluents

• Metabolically produced

• Current Exposure Levels

Methodology

• Video Exposure Monitoring Basis

– Video Feed

• Wired Camera

• Garman Virb

– Toxic Censor Feed

• NDIR CO2 Sensor

• 0‐50,000 PPM (5%), Resolution 10 PPM

– Heartrate Sensor

• Garmin vivosmart HR Activity Tracker

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Methodology – VEM Version 1

Methodology – VEM Version 1

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VEM Changes• Increased Miniaturization (Shrinking Platform)

– Making use more portable and affordable

• Able to be used with Other Types of Sensors– Dust– Noise– Radiation– Photo Ionization Detector

• Integrated Video and Basic Sensors– With Data capture and Data Playback features

• Wrist Mounted Physiological Sensors– More user friendly compared to chest mount heart rate sensor

Methodology

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Methodology

• Affordable Systems – Total $350.00– Processor ‐ $150.00

– Camera – $15.00

– Heart Rate/Activity Tracker ‐ $70.00

– CO2 Sensor ‐ $200.00

– Cabling ‐ $15.00

• Comparison Single Gas CO2 sensor Toxirae Pro ‐ $850.00

Methodology

• Workload Demand

– NASA TLX (Task Load Index)

• Index to measure and weighted on 6 components– Mental Demand

– Physical Demand

– Temporal Demand

– Performance

– Effort

– Frustration

• Demonstration

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Methodology

• Ergonomic Stress – Biomechanical

– UoM 3D Static Strength Predication Program

Case Study #1 – VEM Version 1Dry Hopping Preparation Task

• Task Description

• Biomechanical

• Carbon Dioxide Exposure

• Heart Rate

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Biomechanical Analyses – using U.Michigan 3DSSPP – when lifting 22 lb. bags of hops (1,059 lbs. compressive force on the back).

Biomechanical Analyses – using U.Michigan 3DSSPP – when lifting 22 lb. bags of hops (428 lbs. compressive force on the back).

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Biomechanical Analyses – using U.Michigan 3DSSPP when lifting 22 lb. bags of hops and

when lifting a box of 2 hop bags 45 lbs.

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1 2 3 4

Back Compressive Force

Lift position

Back Compressive Force Vs. Box Weight and Lift Position

45 lbs

22 lbs

45 lbs

Standing Lift 22 lbs 428

Standing Lift 45 lbs 527

Squat Lift 22 lbs 1059

Squat Lift 45 lbs 1317

22 lbs

Results of VEM Analysis for CO2 and Heartrate

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Data Analysis VEM Version 2

• Demonstration VEM Analytics

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Case Study #2 – Adjunct Addition

What Was Going On?

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Case Study #3 – Advanced Cellar Operations

Intersection of CO2, Work Station Layout and Manual Material Handling

• Work station layout and material handling task are important biomechanical and cardiovascular risk factors

• CO2 is a significant occupational hazard• CO2 combined with:

– poor workstation layout, – awkward work postures, and – high physical demand adding more stress on the cardiovascular system

Can lead to further risk for occupational injuries and illnesses.

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Intersection of CO2, Biomechanical Forces, Heartrate and Task Physical Demands

Heartrate

CO2 ExposureBiomechanical

Stress

Job Task Demand

Workstation Design

Acknowledgments

• MIOSHA SET Mini‐Grant

• Founders Brewing Company – Grand Rapids

• Cody Green – EHS Specialist, Founders

• Kyle Fischer –Purdue University

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Questions??