Unit 3 Neurobiology and Communication Communication and Social Behaviour Learning Intention: To learn about communication and social behaviour Success Criteria: By the end of the lesson I should be able to Explain the importance of early infant attachment in laying the foundation for stable relationships in the future. Explain that infants may develop secure attachment or insecure attachment State that infants forming secure attachment are more likely to investigate their immediate environment helping the development of cognitive abilities State that infants forming insecure attachment are less likely to investigate their environment Define consequences of insecure attachment as responses of detachment, anger and inconsistent responses towards mother/other adults State that humans have a long period of dependency providing time for socialisation and learning to occur Explain authoritative control as setting limits, rules and high standards but explains reasons for having them Explain permissive control as not setting limits or boundaries and allows the child to regulate their own behaviour State that authoritative control generally results in greater social competence than permissive control 1.The Effect Of Infant Attachment. Humans are social animals which involves communicating with each other. Social Behaviour involves transmitting and receiving information using signs and signals. Communication in humans begins at birth. Infant Attachment The period of dependency of a human infant upon adults is lengthy. Infant attachment Is the emotional tie that binds a baby to its carer. Infant Attachment Studies Harlows Monkeys (1958) This was a study carried out by Harry Harlow on infant monkeys. Harlow wanted to study the mechanisms by which newborn rhesus monkeys bond to their mothers. This research was controversial due to concerns over treatment of animals. Answer the following questions as you watch the attached clip. 1.What is the difference between the two mothers? 2.Which mother does the baby monkey stay with the longest 3.Which mother does the baby go to when frightened? 4. How does the baby monkeys behaviour change once it is comforted by the mother Infant Attachment Studies Conclusions Harlow concluded that for a monkey to develop normally s/he must have some interaction with an object to which they can cling during the first months of life (critical period). Clinging is a natural response - in times of stress the monkey runs to the object to which it normally clings as if the clinging decreases the stress. Contact comfort plays basic role in attachment between human infants and their carer. Infant Attachment At first attachment is indiscriminate on the babys part. Specific attachment to the mother becomes evident between 6 and 9 months. Infant Attachment Early infant attachment is important in laying the foundation for the future formation of stable relationships. Infants that form secure attachments are more likely to investigate their immediate environment helping develop cognitive abilities (Cognitive abilities are the brain-based skills we need to carry out any task from the simplest to the most complex.) Socialisation and Learning Socialisation is the gradual modification of developing individuals behaviour in order to accommodate the demands of an active social life within the community. Young humans are dependant on adults for a long period of development during childhood and adolescence. This provides time for socialisation and learning. Methods Control The quality of a developing childs social competence is affected by the method of control adopted by their parents. Authoritative control generally results in greater social competence than permissive control Methods Control Examples of Control Method Of ControlBehaviour Adopted By Parent Authoritative Is warm, nurturing and emotionally supportive towards the child (demanding but responsive) Sets limits, rules, high standards and explains reasons Gives direction and expects responsible behaviour in return. Reasons with the child and demonstrates respect Permissive Is warm and nurturing (excessively lenient)Does not set limits, lay down rules or assign responsibilities Adopts no discipline approach Allows the child to regulate their own behaviour Parental Control As children develop, different methods of control can influence social competence. Children with authoritative parents are more likely to develop into self-reliant, academically successful and socially accepted adults. Questions 1. What is infant attachment? 2. What is the importance of early infant attachment? 3. Humans have a long period of dependency on adults. What does this provide? 4. What affects the quality of a developing childs social competence? 5. Describe authoritative control. 6. Describe permissive control. 7. Which type of control generally results in greater social competence? Answers 1.What is infant attachment? The emotional tie between a baby and its carer (mother) 2. What is the importance of early infant attachment? It lays the foundation for the future formation of stable relationships. 3. Humans have a long period of dependency on adults. What does this provide? This provides time for socialisation and learning. Answers (continued) 4. What affects the quality of a developing childs social competence? the method of control adopted by their parents. 5. Describe authoritative control. Is warm, nurturing and emotionally supportive towards the child Sets limits, rules, high standards and explains reasons Gives direction and expects responsible behaviour in return. Reasons with the child and demonstrates respect Answers ( continued) 6. Describe permissive control. Is warm and nurturing Does not set limits, lay down rules or assign responsibilities Adopts no discipline approach Allows the child to regulate their own behaviour 7. Which type of control generally results in greater social competence? authoritative 2.The Effect Of Communication Communication is the exchange of information from one individual to another. Communication can be non-verbal and verbal. Non-Verbal Communication Non-verbal communication is sending and receiving wordless messages. Facial expressions can convey messages. Videoverbal-communication http://www.teachertube.com/video/non- verbal-communication As you watch the video clip note the type of feelings facial expressions convey. Non-Verbal Communication Look at these pictures and try describe the emotion or message they are communicating Non-Verbal Communication There are six main types of facial expressions Non-Verbal Communication Eye Contact is another method of non verbal communication. Try to describe the message being communicated. Non-Verbal Communication Non verbal communication can be measured by observing facial expression, eye contact, touching, tone of voice and physical proximity. Non verbal communication is important in forming relationships between individuals and can signal attitudes and emotions as well as acting as an aid to verbal communication. Verbal Communication Language is a system that combines basic sounds and symbols. Short term- language allows humans to convey information for day to day living. Long term language allows transfer of information from one generation to the next. This promotes acceleration of learning and intellectual development. Verbal Communication Verbal communication is used in the transmission of knowledge, development of culture and social evolution. Questions 1.What is communication? 2. What is non-verbal communication. 3. Describe how non verbal communication can be measured. 4. Why is non verbal communication important. 5. What can non verbal communication signal? Answers 1.What is communication? Communication is the exchange of information from one individual to another. 2. What is non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is sending and receiving wordless messages. 3. Describe how non verbal communication can be measured. Observing facial expression, eye contact, touching, tone of voice and physical proximity. Answers(continued) 4. Why is non verbal communication important. In forming relationships between individuals. 5. What can non verbal communication signal? Attitudes and emotions Questions(continued) 6. What does language combine? 7.What does short term- language allow? 8.What does long term- language allow? 9. What does verbal communication promote? 10. State 3 things that verbal communication is used in. Answers (continued) 6. What does language combine? basic sounds and symbols. 7.What does short term- language allow? allows humans to convey information for day to day living. 8.What does long term- language allow? allows transfer of information from one generation to the next. 9. What does verbal communication promote? acceleration of learning and intellectual development.. Answers (continued) 10. State 3 things that verbal communication is used in The transmission of knowledge. The development of culture The development of social evolution.