Transcript
Page 1: thinking about learning and memory

thinking about learning and memory Memory?

◦ Types of memory, CNS regions, memory impairments

Learning?◦ Models for learning

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Memory Processing

if attended

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Short-term Memory (STM)◦ Limited capacity (7 items)

can use chunking

◦ Brief duration◦ Can be lost without rehearsal or with interference

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Memory Processing

if attended

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Short-term Memory (STM)◦ Limited capacity (7 items)

can use chunking Brief duration can be lost without rehearsal or with interference

Long-term Memory (LTM)◦ more permanent storage

Consolidation - Process by which rehearsal of information in STM results

in transfer to LTM

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Memory Processing

if attended

retrieval

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Amnesia refers to a failure to remember◦ Anterograde amnesia - difficulty in forming new

memories for events that occur after a brain trauma

◦ Retrograde amnesia - inability to recall events that occurred prior to a trauma

Amnesia can be temporary or permanent

Amnesia

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Severe anterograde amnesia follows bilateral damage to the hippocampus

Hippocampal Damage and Amnesia

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Surgery – 1953 for debilitating epilepsy◦ bilateral removal of hippocampus consequences:

severe anterograde amnesia short-term memory intact long term memory prior to surgery

intact motor memories intact

◦medial temporal amnesia

H.M.

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Declarative memory: memories available as facts, events, or specific stimuli

Nondeclarative memory: stimulus-response and motor memories that control behaviors at an unconscious level

Memory Processes

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Hippocampal dependent

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these can be true or false

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Prefrontal Cortex-◦ memory deficits – planning, sequence of events

Cerebellum◦ motor memories

Other CNS regions important for memory

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amygdala◦ part of the limbic system; emotional memories

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Alzheimers disease◦ Hippocampus has many cholinergic neurons◦ basal forebrain – area specifically affected by AD

Korsakoff’s syndrome

some other ways that memory can be affected

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Korsakoff’s syndrome◦ severe anterograde amnesia with elements of

confabulation◦ consequence of chronic alcohol abuse

lesions in a number of brain structures including

some other ways that memory can be affected

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ECS – electroconvulsive shock

State dependent memories (and state dependent learning)

some other ways that memory can be affected


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