Substance AbuseSubstance Abuse

The effect of medicine and drugs on The effect of medicine and drugs on the bodythe body

The Role of MedicineThe Role of Medicine

Medicines- drugs that are used to treat or Medicines- drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases or other conditions. prevent diseases or other conditions.

Drugs- substances other than food that Drugs- substances other than food that change the structure or function of the change the structure or function of the body of mind.body of mind.

All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicines (prevent disease, fight are medicines (prevent disease, fight pathogens, relieve pain, manage chronic pathogens, relieve pain, manage chronic pain)pain)

Preventing DiseasePreventing Disease

Vaccines- a preparation that prevents a Vaccines- a preparation that prevents a person from contracting a specific person from contracting a specific disease.disease.

About 95% of children receive vaccines.About 95% of children receive vaccines. Vaccines contain a weakened or dead Vaccines contain a weakened or dead

pathogen that cause disease. pathogen that cause disease.

Fighting PathogensFighting Pathogens

Antibiotics- these are a class of drugs that Antibiotics- these are a class of drugs that destroy disease- causing destroy disease- causing bacteriabacteria. This . This will help from bacteria from reproducing!will help from bacteria from reproducing!

Can cause side effects or allergies. You Can cause side effects or allergies. You can also can adapt over time and you can can also can adapt over time and you can develop a resistance. develop a resistance. When antibiotics are overusedWhen antibiotics are overused When a patient does not finish a perscriptionWhen a patient does not finish a perscription

How medicine can enter How medicine can enter the bloodstreamthe bloodstream

Oral medicine- tablets, capsules, or liquidsOral medicine- tablets, capsules, or liquids Topical medicine- applied to skin, can use a Topical medicine- applied to skin, can use a

transdermal patchtransdermal patch Inhaled medicine- such as asthma Inhaled medicine- such as asthma

medication that can be a fine mist or powdermedication that can be a fine mist or powder Injected medicine- delivered through a shot, Injected medicine- delivered through a shot,

so it can be delivered right into the so it can be delivered right into the bloodstream bloodstream

Reactions to MedicationsReactions to Medications

Side effects- reactions to medicine other Side effects- reactions to medicine other that the one intended. that the one intended.

Synergistic effect- an interaction of two or Synergistic effect- an interaction of two or more medications that result in a greater more medications that result in a greater effect than when each medicine is taken effect than when each medicine is taken alone. alone.

Standards of MedicationStandards of Medication

Prescription medicines- medications that Prescription medicines- medications that are dispensed only with the written are dispensed only with the written approval of a licensed physician or approval of a licensed physician or nurse-practitionernurse-practitioner

Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines- Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines- medicines that you can buy without a medicines that you can buy without a doctor’s prescriptiondoctor’s prescription

Substance AbuseSubstance Abuse

Substance abuse- any unnecessary or Substance abuse- any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substancesimproper use of chemical substances

Illegal drugs- chemical substances that Illegal drugs- chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully people of any age may not lawfully manufacturemanufacture

Illicit drug use- the use or sale of any Illicit drug use- the use or sale of any substance that is illegal or otherwise not substance that is illegal or otherwise not permittedpermitted

Factors that influence Factors that influence TeensTeens

Peer pressurePeer pressure Family membersFamily members Role modelsRole models Media messagesMedia messages Perceptions of drug behavior (how will it Perceptions of drug behavior (how will it

make you feel)make you feel) Misleading informationMisleading information

How can drugs affect How can drugs affect your health?your health?

Physical health- drug use can result in an Physical health- drug use can result in an overdoseoverdose, or a strong, sometimes fatal reaction , or a strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of drugs.to taking a large amount of drugs.

Mental health- drug use may impair a teen’s Mental health- drug use may impair a teen’s ability to reason and think. Some drugs can ability to reason and think. Some drugs can alter the structure and function of the brain. alter the structure and function of the brain.

Social health- drug use can lead to unhealthy Social health- drug use can lead to unhealthy relationships, crime, suicide, unintentional relationships, crime, suicide, unintentional injuries. injuries.

Other effects of drug useOther effects of drug use

Addiction- physiological or psychological Addiction- physiological or psychological dependence on a drug. dependence on a drug.

What is Marijuana? What is Marijuana?

Most frequently used illicit drug in U.SMost frequently used illicit drug in U.S Derived from the leaves or flowering buds of Derived from the leaves or flowering buds of

the cannabis sativa plantthe cannabis sativa plant Usually smoked, but can be mixed with food or Usually smoked, but can be mixed with food or

drink to induce its effectsdrink to induce its effects Effects can be felt within a few minutes and Effects can be felt within a few minutes and

can last for 3-4 hourscan last for 3-4 hours Can vary in potency depending on the source Can vary in potency depending on the source

or selection of plant materialsor selection of plant materials

Marijuana cont’dMarijuana cont’d

THC is the chemical that is believed to be THC is the chemical that is believed to be responsible for the psychoactive effects of responsible for the psychoactive effects of marijuana.marijuana.

In 1974, the average THC level in marijuana In 1974, the average THC level in marijuana was less than 1%, in 2002, it was over 6%.was less than 1%, in 2002, it was over 6%.

98% of nearly 8,000 offenders sentenced for 98% of nearly 8,000 offenders sentenced for marijuana crimes were guilty of trafficking.marijuana crimes were guilty of trafficking.

Effects of MarijuanaEffects of Marijuana

Impaired short term Impaired short term memorymemory

Impaired attentionImpaired attention Impaired Impaired

coordination and coordination and balancebalance

Increased heart rateIncreased heart rate Bloodshot eyesBloodshot eyes Dry mouthDry mouth

AddictionAddiction ParanoiaParanoia AnxietyAnxiety Impaired learning Impaired learning

skillsskills Long term memory Long term memory

difficultiesdifficulties

Medical complicationsMedical complications

Chronic coughChronic cough BronchitisBronchitis EmphysemaEmphysema Increased risk of head, neck, and lung cancerIncreased risk of head, neck, and lung cancer Decrease in testosterone level and lower Decrease in testosterone level and lower

sperm count in mensperm count in men Increase in testosterone level in women and Increase in testosterone level in women and

increase chance of infertilityincrease chance of infertility

InhalantsInhalants

Inhalants- substances whose fumes are Inhalants- substances whose fumes are sniffed or inhaled to give an effect.sniffed or inhaled to give an effect.

Most inhalants depress the CNSMost inhalants depress the CNS Some can be used to treat asthma, or Some can be used to treat asthma, or

allergies. allergies. Substances that are used to achieve a Substances that are used to achieve a

high like solvents, glues, varnishes or high like solvents, glues, varnishes or gasoline can have a fatal result. gasoline can have a fatal result.

Inhalant effectsInhalant effects

Glassy stareGlassy stare Slurred speechSlurred speech Impaired judgementImpaired judgement NauseaNausea CoughingCoughing NosebleedsNosebleeds FatigueFatigue

Anabolic SteroidsAnabolic Steroids

Synthetic substances similar to male sex Synthetic substances similar to male sex hormones. hormones.

Can result in unnatural muscle growthCan result in unnatural muscle growth Effects include: weight gain, acne, high Effects include: weight gain, acne, high

blood pressure, and liver and kidney blood pressure, and liver and kidney failure. failure.

Psychoactive DrugsPsychoactive Drugs

Psychoactive drugs can change the Psychoactive drugs can change the functioning of the CNS.functioning of the CNS.

Psychoactive drugs- chemicals that affect Psychoactive drugs- chemicals that affect the CNS and alter the activity in the the CNS and alter the activity in the brain.brain.

4 main groups include: stimulants, 4 main groups include: stimulants, depressants, opiates, and hallucinogens.depressants, opiates, and hallucinogens.

Psychoactive DrugsPsychoactive Drugs

Why do you think that psychoactive Why do you think that psychoactive drugs are classified into groups?drugs are classified into groups?

When used correctly, psychoactive drugs When used correctly, psychoactive drugs can have medicinal value.can have medicinal value.

Club DrugsClub Drugs

Club drugs are usually found at concerts, Club drugs are usually found at concerts, clubs, and parties. The are generally clubs, and parties. The are generally disguised in food or drink without the disguised in food or drink without the person’s knowledge. person’s knowledge.

Many club drugs are considered Many club drugs are considered designer designer drugsdrugs, which is a synthetic drug made to , which is a synthetic drug made to imitate the effects of other drugs. imitate the effects of other drugs.

Club DrugsClub Drugs

Ecstasy- stimulant/ hallucinogenEcstasy- stimulant/ hallucinogen Rohypnol- depressants/ sedativeRohypnol- depressants/ sedative GHB- depressantGHB- depressant Ketamine- hallucinogenKetamine- hallucinogen Meth- stimulantMeth- stimulant LSD- hallucinogenLSD- hallucinogen

StimulantsStimulants

Stimulants- speed up the CNSStimulants- speed up the CNS NicotineNicotine CaffeineCaffeine Cocaine- highly addictive; white powderCocaine- highly addictive; white powder Crack- highly addictive; can be smoked Crack- highly addictive; can be smoked

or injectedor injected Amphetamines- highly addictive; used to Amphetamines- highly addictive; used to

stay alertstay alert

Stimulant effects on bodyStimulant effects on body

Stimulant use can lead to: depression, Stimulant use can lead to: depression, fatigue, paranoia, liver failure, fatigue, paranoia, liver failure, physiological dependence, death.physiological dependence, death.

DepressantsDepressants

Depressants- slow down the CNSDepressants- slow down the CNS Barbiturates- sedative; usually cause Barbiturates- sedative; usually cause

mood swings, and sleeplessness.mood swings, and sleeplessness. Tranquilizers- used to relieve anxiety, Tranquilizers- used to relieve anxiety,

muscle spasms, or sleeplessness. muscle spasms, or sleeplessness.

HallucinogensHallucinogens

PCP- creates a distorted sense of time, PCP- creates a distorted sense of time, increase muscle strength, violence, and increase muscle strength, violence, and inability to feel pain. inability to feel pain.

DMX- or “tussin”, is a cough suppressant DMX- or “tussin”, is a cough suppressant sold OTC; when used correctly, it is not sold OTC; when used correctly, it is not dangerous. When misused, it can cause dangerous. When misused, it can cause paranoia, panic attacks, nausea, and paranoia, panic attacks, nausea, and addiction.addiction.

OpiatesOpiates

Derived from opium plants; use for pain Derived from opium plants; use for pain management and can only be obtained by management and can only be obtained by prescriptionprescription

Codeine- highly addictive; used in some Codeine- highly addictive; used in some prescription cough medicinesprescription cough medicines

Morphine- prescribed to treat severe painMorphine- prescribed to treat severe pain Oxycodone- used to treat or manage chronic Oxycodone- used to treat or manage chronic

pain; can cause death from respiratory failure. pain; can cause death from respiratory failure.

Healthy AlternativeHealthy Alternative

HobbiesHobbies SportsSports Community ActivitiesCommunity Activities School OrganizationsSchool Organizations

Drug PreventionDrug Prevention

Drug Free School Zones- areas within Drug Free School Zones- areas within 1,000-1,500 ft. of schools within which 1,000-1,500 ft. of schools within which people caught selling drugs receive people caught selling drugs receive especially severe penalties. especially severe penalties.

Drug Watches- organized community Drug Watches- organized community efforts by neighborhood residents to efforts by neighborhood residents to patrol and monitor. patrol and monitor.

Getting HelpGetting Help

Rehabilitation- process of medial and Rehabilitation- process of medial and psychological treatment for physiological psychological treatment for physiological or psychological dependence on a drug or psychological dependence on a drug or alcohol. or alcohol.

Outpatient TreatmentOutpatient Treatment Short-termShort-term Maintenance ProgramsMaintenance Programs Therapeutic communities Therapeutic communities