Structuralism
Lets Begin
Karachi University Department Teacher EducationBatch 2013th
PARTICIPANTS• Nabeel Ahmad• Maleeka Mehmood• Anum Hanif• Wajeeha Manzoor• Namra Mushtaq
Coming Up Next!• Brief history.• What Structuralism Actually Is?• INTROSPECTION (method which forms the basis of
Structuralism.)
What is introspection, its merits and limitations.
• Exemplification
Wilhelm Wundt• Wrote FIRST systematic book of psychology
(Physiological psychology)• After receiving M.D degree, he began career
as a Physiologist.• Later became interested in COMPLEX
MENTAL PROCESSES.• He was convinced that experimental
methods of PHYSIOLOGY could be applied to RESEARCH on
CONSCIOUSNESS
Wilhelm Wundt is regarded as Father Of Experimental
PsychologyWundt broke
Consciousness into two categories
(Objective sensation and Subjective
feelings)
So What Structuralism Really Is
Refers to a theory of Consciousness developed by William Wundt and Edward Bradford Titcehner.
It seeks to analyze the ADULT MIND (birth-present) in terms of simplest definable components.
These components fit together to from complex experiences which are also related to Physical events
Parts Leading To A Whole In
Mind
Understanding Consciousness!
having Self
awareness and ability
to introspect
Angry Girl V/S Angry Cat
If you are angry, you can try to understand your anger, why you are angry, what that anger feels like, etc.
But can a cat?
ELEMENTS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
• Consciousness the sum of our experiences that exist at any given time.
Introspectionhave You Seen An Inspector?
Oldest research method of psychology
Introspection?¤ Introspection is the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings.
¤ In psychology, the process of introspection relies solely on observation of one's mental state, while in a spiritual context it may refer to the examination of one's soul.
¤ Introspection is closely related to human self-reflection and is contrasted with external observation.
¤ The philosopher Plato asked, "…why should we not calmly and patiently review our own thoughts, and thoroughly examine and see what these appearances in us really are?"
Introspective Observation is what we have to rely on first and foremost and
alwaysWILLIAM JAMES
•Cheapest and most economical method•No need of apparatus or laboratory•Can be used anytime anywhere.•Easiest and readily available to individual•Only method which helps a person to know and discover own feelings and emotions•This method gradually led to the development of more objective methods.
Limitations
Data collected by introspection can not be verified/ proved .
It is possible that the reporter may knowingly lie or hide facts to mislead.
It can only be done by adults and not children.
It needs Highly TRAINED AND SKILLED workers
In introspection mind studies its own working but actually mind can not accurately study itself.
EXAMPLE When one is in fear/ anger he can not study his mind. After a while when anger disappears he can study his mind.
(To expect an individual to study the working of mind during an emotional state is a mistaken belief)
• Human beings are NOT Static Objects.• Their mental process is under constant change.• So when attempts to introspect, the STATE of
mental process disappears.• Hence introspection is generally carried out
when a particular state of mind we wish to study has passed.
• So it really is RETROSPECTION that we do.
How Do Structuralism and Introspection Relate to
Education
"cold", "crisp", and "sweet"
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