Presented by:

SHANTI KUMARITEXTILE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

B. Tech (3rd yr. , 6th Semester)

Roll No. : 08110014016

IntroductionIntroductionSmart textiles introduces a shift from passive

functionality to active behaviour.It is the result of the integration of microelectronics in

textiles to endow materials with new properties.The production of smart textiles is now a reality after

a successful marriage of traditional textiles and clothing technology with other branches of science like material science, structural mechanics, sensor and actuator technology, advance processing technology, communication, artificial intelligence, biology etc.

Smart textiles are defined as textiles that can sense and react via an active control mechanism to environmental conditions or stimuli from mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical or magnetic sources.

Passive Smart TextileCan only sense the environmentThese are sensors

Active Smart TextileCan sense and react to the environmental

stimuliThese are sensors and actuators

Ultra Smart TextileCan sense, react and adapt themselves to

environmentCognition, reasoning and activating capacities

Functions of smart textilesFunctions of smart textiles Sensing Data processing Actuation Storage Communication

SensingBasically , sensing is the function of transforming a

signal into another signal that can be read and understood by a predefined reader which can be a real device or a person.

For real devices all the signals should be ultimately converted into electrical ones.

Thermocouple, quantum tunneling composite( based on softswitch technology), fibre bragg grating sensors( basically optical fibres) are used to convert the signals into electrical ones.

Data processingData processing is one of the components that are

required only when active processing is necessary Problems need to be overcome before imparting

textile material for this function are :: fastness to washing, deformation, interconnections, etc.

So far, pieces of electronics are used for data processing which are now available in miniaturised and even in a flexible form.

ActuationActuators respond to an impulse resulting from sensor

function , possibly data processing.Actuators make things move , release substances,

make noise and many more.Shape memory material, drug supply system(emitting

substances) are the best suiting examples in this field.

StorageSensing, data processing, actuation, communication,

they usually need energy, mostly electrical energy.For efficient energy management there should be an

appropriate combination of energy supply and energy storage capacity.

Here sources of energy are-- instance body heat, mechanical motion (elastic from deformation of the fabrics, kinetic from body motion), radiation, etc.

Phase change materials or PCM acts as energy storage.

Communication It may be required

Within one element of a suit---optical fibres, conductive yarns

Between the individual elements within the suit---optical fibres, conductive yarns

From the wearer to the suit to pass instructions---optical fibres

From the suit to the wearer or his environment to pass information---wireless connection i.e. antenna manufactured in textile material

Thermo regulating materialChromic materialsLuminescent materialsConductive materialVoltaic materialsElectronic textiles

Etc…

PCMs are applied either in spinning or during chemical finishing of textiles like coating, lamination etc.

Paraffin phase change material Acts as a storage of heat in garments. Provide a thermal balance between the

heat generated by the body while engaging in a sport and the heat released into the environment.

Change their colour reversibly according to external environmental conditions

Photochromic: external stimulus is light.

Thermochromic: external stimulus is heat.

Electrochromic: external stimulus is electricity.

Piezorochromic: external stimulus is pressure.

Solvatechromic: external stimulus is liquid or gas.

Emits lights according to external environmental conditions

Photoluminescence: external stimulus is light

Electroluminescence: external stimulus is electricity

Chemioluminescence: external stimulus is a chemical reaction

Triboluminescence: external stimulus is friction

FunctionFunction: : It conducts electricity.PropertiesProperties: : Light weight,

flexible, cost competitive with ability to be crimped, soldered and subjected to textile processing.

PreparationPreparation: : It can be made by filling synthetic fibres with carbon or metal particles, coating fibres with conductive polymers or using conductive short fibres.

Storage of energy for electronic parts

Use of solar cellsPhotovoltaic materials possess

the property to generate electric current by means of a light excitation.

Research underway to produce and store electricity from body movements and wrist rotation

These are materials with electronic functionality and at the same time textile characteristics.

Advantages: Light weight, durable, washable, integratable with human body.

Examples---Smart shirt The sensory Baby VestThe respibeltThe wearable computer

Areas of R & DAreas of R & DFor sensors - actuators:

photo-sensitive materialchemical responsive materialsmicro- and nano-materials

For signal transmission, processing and control:neural networks and control systemscognition theory and systems

For integrated processes and products:tissue engineeringchemical/drug releasing

Textiles are changing day by day and this hybridisation of textiles with other branches of science has been most welcome by all. It has shifted the consumer value --- instead of wanting the finest natural material, people look at the engineered beauty, innovative design and intelligent aspect of product.

So, if smart textile are affordable I think they will be accepted by the user as part of his everyday life…

I´d welcome any questions and remarks.....