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Simultaneous determination of specimen composition andthickness using the Transmission Electron MicroscopeCitation for published version (APA):Boon, G. (2000). Simultaneous determination of specimen composition and thickness using the TransmissionElectron Microscope. Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. https://doi.org/10.6100/IR529745

DOI:10.6100/IR529745

Document status and date:Published: 01/01/2000

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https://doi.org/10.6100/IR529745

https://doi.org/10.6100/IR529745

https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/simultaneous-determination-of-specimen-composition-and-thickness-using-the-transmission-electron-microscope(250fe0db-7cc3-4bd3-b288-f9221c9954af).html

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^46` F1 Phuohw1 Hydoxdwlrq dqg ghvfulswlrq ri d qhz fruuhfwlrq surfhgxuh iru txdqwlwd0wlyh hohfwurq sureh plfurdqdo|vlv1 Lq= Lqvw1 Sk|v1 Frqi1 Vhu1 Qr 463= Fkdswhu 5>Suhvhqwhg dw Lqw1 Frqju1 [0Ud| Rswlfv dqg Plfurdqdo|vlv/ ss1 4568459/ +4<<5,1

^47` G1U1 Ehdpdq dqg M1D1 Lvdvl1 Hohfwurq ehdp plfurdqdo|vlv1 Pdwhuldov Uhvhdufkdqg Vwdqgdugv/ PWUVD1/ +4<:4,1

^48` S1 Gxqfxpe dqg S1N1 Vklhogv1 H>hfw ri fulwlfdo h{flwdwlrq srwhqwldo rq wkh devrus0wlrq fruuhfwlrq1 Lq= W1G1 PfNlqoh|/ N1I1M1 Khlqulfk/ dqg G1E1 Zlwwu|/ hglwruv/Wkh Hohfwurq Plfursureh/ ss1 5;785<81 Zloh|/ Qhz \run/ Orqgrq dqg V|gqh|/+4<99,1

^49` J1 Oryh/ P1J1 Fr{/ dqg Y1G1 Vfrww1 Dvvhvvphqw ri Sklolehuw*v devruswlrq fru0uhfwlrq prghov lq hohfwurq0sureh plfurdqdo|vlv1 M1 Sk|v1 G= Dsso1 Sk|v1/ ;=49;984:35/ +4<:8,1

^4:` J1 Oryh/ G1D1 Vhzhoo/ dqg Y1G1 Vfrww1 M1 Sk|vltxh/ 78+froo1 F5,=54/ +4<;7,1

^4;` G1E1 Zlwwu|1 M1 Dsso1 Sk|v1/ 5<=4876/ +4<8;,1

^4<` P1 Deudprzlw} dqg L1D1 Vwhjxq1 Kdqgerrn ri Pdwkhpdwlfdo Ixqfwlrqv1 Gryhu/Qhz \run/ +4<98,1

^53` U1P1 Vwhuqkhlphu Txrwhg e| P1M1 Ehujhu dqg V1P1 Vhow}hu1 QDVD Uhsruw VS063451 QDVD/ Zdvklqjwrq/ GF/ +4<97,1

^54` J1 Oryh/ P1J1F1 Fr{/ dqg Y1G1 Vfrww1 D vlpsoh Prqwh Fduor phwkrg iruvlpxodwlqj hohfwurq0vrolg lqwhudfwlrqv dqg lwv dssolfdwlrq wr hohfwurq sureh pl0furdqdo|vlv1 M1 Sk|v1 G= Dsso1 Sk|v1/ 43=:856/ +4<::,1

69

ELEOLRJUDSK\

^55` M1 O1 Srxfkrx dqg I1 Slfkrlu1 Edvlf h{suhvvlrq ri %SDS% frpsxwdwlrq iru txdq0wlwdwlyh HSPD1 Lq= M1 G1 Eurzq dqg U1 K1 Sdfnzrrg/ hglwruv/ Surfhhglqjv riwkh 44wk Lqwhuqdwlrqdo Frqjuhvv rq [0Ud| Rswlfv dqg Plfurdqdo|vlv +LF[RP,/ss1 57<85861 XZR/ Orqgrq/ Fdqdgd/ +4<;9,1

^56` M1O1 Srxfkrx dqg I1 Slfkrlu1 Txdqwlwdwlyh dqdo|vlv ri krprjhqhrxv ru vwudwl?hgplfuryroxphv dsso|lqj wkh prgho %SDS%1 Lq= N1I1M1 Khlqulfk dqg G1H1 Qhzexu|/hglwruv/ Hohfwurq Sureh Txdqwlwdwlrq/ ss1 648:81 Sohqxp Suhvv/ Qhz \run dqgOrqgrq/ +4<<4,1

^57` K1 Ehwkh1 ]xu wkhrulh ghv gxufkjdqjv vfkqhoohu nrusxvnxoduvwudkohq gxufkpdwhulh1 Dqq1 Sk|v1 Ohls}lj/ 8+8,=6588733/ +4<63,1

^58` M1 Frxorq dqg F1 ]hoohu1 F1 U1 Dfdg1 Vfl1 Sdulv/ 5:8 E=548/ +4<:6,1


^5:` Z1 Uhkedfk dqg S1 Ndugxfn1 Yhul?fdwlrq ri wkh jdxvvldq * +ã}, dssurdfk dqgghwhuplqdwlrq ri wkh olplwv ri ydolglw| e| wudfhu h{shulphqwv dqg Prqwh Fduorfdofxodwlrqv1 Lq= G1H1 Qhzexu|/ hglwru/ Plfurehdp Dqdo|vlv/ ss1 5;885;</ VdqIudqflvfr/ +4<;;,1 Vdq Iudqflvfr Suhvv1

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Fkdswhu 7

Pdwul{ fruuhfwlrq prghov iruwkh xvh lq wklq ?opv

714 Lqwurgxfwlrq

Zkhq wkh vdpsoh lv d wklq ?op/ vxssruwhg rq d vxevwudwh ri d gl>huhqw pdwhuldo ruhyhq iuhh dqg xqvxssruwhg/ wkh hohfwurqv iurp wkh lqflghqw ehdp zloo shqhwudwh wkhwklq od|hu dqg duh olnho| wr wudyho wkurxjk wkh od|hu dqg hvfdsh iurp lw dw wkh rwkhuvlgh/ hqwhulqj wkh qh{w od|hu +zklfk fdq eh wkh vxevwudwh,/ ru hvfdslqj lqwr wkh ydfxxplq fdvh ri wkh xqvxssruwhg wklq ?op1 Ri frxuvh/ wkh sk|vlfv ri wkh vfdwwhulqj hyhqwvlv vwloo wkh vdph/ dqg wkhuhiruh zh vkrxog eh deoh wr dsso| wkh vdph prghov1 Lq idfwzh frxog vhh wkh exon fdvh dv d ghjhqhudwhg yhuvlrq ri wkh wklq ?op dqdo|vlv sureohp/zlwk wkh ?op wklfnqhvv dssurdfklqj lq?qlwh ydoxhv1

Krzhyhu/ wkh vsuhdglqj ri wkh hohfwurqv gxh wr vfdwwhulqj/ wkh edfnvfdwwhulqj rihohfwurqv dqg wkh surgxfwlrq ri [0ud|v zloo eh gl>huhqw lq hdfk od|hu dqg/ pruhryhu/wkh vfdwwhulqj lq rqh od|hu lq xhqfhv wkh sdwk dqg hqhuj| ri wkh hohfwurqv lq hdfkrwkhu od|hu erwk deryh dqg ehorz wkh fxuuhqw od|hu1 Lq fdvh ri dq xqvxssruwhg ?opiru h{dpsoh/ wkhuh zloo eh qr edfnvfdwwhulqj rqfh wkh hohfwurqv kdyh wudyhoohg wkurxjkwkh ?op/ zkhuhdv lq wkh exon fdvh wkhuh zrxog eh dq dprxqw ri hohfwurqv uhhqwhulqj wkh?op e| vfdwwhulqj edfn iurp wkh vxevwudwh/ frqwulexwlqj wr dq hqkdqfhg surgxfwlrqri [0ud|v lq wkh ?op1

Lw lv reylrxv wkdw wkh rqo| zd| wr jhw dq dssursuldwh dqdo|vlv lq fdvh wkhh{flwdwlrq yroxph lv qrw d krprjhqhrxv pdwhuldo exw exlow xs ri gl>huhqw od|huv/ lve| kdylqj d ghswk0uhodwhg ghvfulswlrq ri [0ud| surgxfwlrq1 Vlqfh wklv lv h{dfwo| zkdwwkh * +ã}, fxuyh grhv/ * +ã}, prghoolqj lv lghdo iru wklq ?op dqdo|vlv1 Rq wkh rwkhu

6<

Fkdswhu 71 Pdwul{ fruuhfwlrq prghov iru wkh xvh lq wklq ?opv

kdqg/ lw dovr ehfrphv hyhq pruh lpsruwdqw wr ?qg wkh fruuhfw * +ã}, fxuyh1Wkh sulqflsoh ri fdofxodwlqj wkh lqwhqvlw| hplwwhg e| d od|hu ri vshfl?f frp0

srxqg orrnv yhu| vwudljkwiruzdug= Wkh fdofxodwlrq lv shuiruphg e| sduwldo lqwhjudwlrqri wkh * +ã}, fxuyh ri wkh vshfl?f od|hu zlwklq wkh dssursuldwh ã} olplwv1 Krzhyhu/hdfk * +ã}, fxuyh iru hdfk hohphqw lq hdfk od|hu lv d>hfwhg e| wkh suhvhqfh ri rwkhuod|huv1 Wkhuhiruh dq lwhudwlyh surfhgxuh lv qhhghg/ rswlplvlqj hdfk od|hu/ wdnlqj lqwrdffrxqw wkh gdwd iurp wkh rwkhu od|huv1 Riwhq wkh wklfnqhvv ri wkh od|huv lv dovrxqnqrzq dqg wkxv wkh ã} olplwv iru wkh lqwhjudwlrq duh xqnqrzq sdudphwhuv1 Lq wklvfdvh wkh phdvxuhg lqwhqvlwlhv uhodwlyh wr exon vwdqgdugv iru wkh ?op fdq eh xvhg lq dqlwhudwlyh surfhgxuh wr ?qg wkh od|hu wklfnqhvv1

715 ) E45ä prghoolqj xvhg iru wklq ?op dqdo|vlv

Edvwlq dqg Khlmoljhuv vwduwhg lq 4<<3 ^4`^5` ^6` wkh ghyhorsphqw ri wklq ?op dqdo|vlviurp wkhlu * +ã}, exon pdwul{ fruuhfwlrq surjudp 4SUR]D41 Wkh ?uvw prgho xvhgwkh vxuidfh fhqwuhg Jdxvvldq * +ã}, dssurdfk/ dv ghvfulehg lq wkh suhylrxv fkdswhu6171 Wkh edvlf surfhgxuh iru wklq ?op dqdo|vlv xvlqj wkh vxuidfh fhqwuhg Jdxvvldqlv ghvfulehg h{whqvlyho| e| Edvwlq ^7`1 Wkh sulqflsoh zloo dovr eh ghvfulehg lq wkhqh{w sdudjudskv/ exw zlwk uhvshfw wr wkh qhz grxeoh Jdxvvldq prgho ^vhfwlrq 618`dqg Edvwlq*v odwhvw fruuhfwlrq surjudp +4SUR]D<94, ^8`1 Wkh lpsohphqwdwlrq riwkh grxeoh Jdxvvldq prgho lqwr Edvwlq*v ruljlqdo WID +wklq ?op dqdo|vlv, surjudpuhvxowhg lq d qhz yhuvlrq> WID<<< ^9`1

71514 Edvlf sulqflsohv= d wklq ?op ri nqrzq frpsrvlwlrq dqgwklfnqhvv rq d vxevwudwh ri nqrzq frpsrvlwlrq

Wkh dlp ri wkh * +ã}, prgho lv wr fdofxodwh wkh hplwwhg lqwhqvlwlhv iru doo hohphqwvlqyroyhg1 Lq rughu wr gr vr/ iru hdfk hohphqw lq wkh ?op0vxevwudwh frpelqdwlrq d vlqjohfrqwlqxrxv * +ã}, fxuyh lv sdudphwhulvhg1 Zkhq wkh * +ã}, prgho lv xvhg wr fdofxodwhfrpsrvlwlrq dqg2ru wklfnqhvv iurp n0udwlrv/ wkh prgho lv xvhg lwhudwlyho|/ dgmxvwlqj?op wklfnqhvv dqg frpsrvlwlrq/ dqg uhfdofxodwlqj wkh * +ã}, fxuyh sdudphwhuv iruhdfk hohphqw lq hyhu| lwhudwlyh vwhs/ lq rughu wr pdwfk wkh lqwhqvlwlhv rewdlqhg e|phdvxuhphqwv1

Wkh vlpsohvw fdvh ri d wklq ?op rq d vxevwudwh lv d frpelqdwlrq ri qhljkerxulqjhohphqwv lq wkh shulrglf v|vwhp/ iru h{dpsoh dq Do ?op ri pdvv wklfnqhvv W rq d Vlvxevwudwh1 Vlqfh wkh surfhvvhv ri hohfwurq vfdwwhulqj dqg ghfhohudwlrq dqg wkrvh ri[0ud| jhqhudwlrq zloo yluwxdoo| eh wkh vdph lq erwk hohphqwv/ wkh * +ã}, fxuyhv iru?op dqg vxevwudwh zloo eh doprvw lghqwlfdo1 Wkhuhiruh hlwkhu ri wkhp frxog eh xvhg

73

* +ã}, prghoolqj xvhg iru wklq ?op dqdo|vlv 7151

wr fdofxodwh wkh hplwwhg lqwhqvlwlhv iurp ?op dqg vxevwudwh1 Sduwldo lqwhjudwlrq riwkh Do0Nò * +ã}, fxuyh ehwzhhq wkh ã} olplwv 3 dqg W zloo |lhog wkh wrwdo jhqhudwhgDo0Nò udgldwlrq lqwhqvlw|/ zkloh lqwhjudwlrq ri wkh Vl0Nò fxuyh ehwzhhq W dqg4 zloo|lhog wkh jhqhudwhg Vl0Nò lqwhqvlw|1 Ri frxuvh/ erwk lqwhqvlwlhv kdyh wr eh fruuhfwhgiru vhoi devruswlrq/ dqg dgglwlrqdoo| wkh hplwwhg Vl0Nò udgldwlrq +vxevwudwh, kdv wr ehfruuhfwhg iru devruswlrq gxh wr sdvvlqj wkurxjk wkh ryhuod|lqj Do od|hu1 Li wkh od|huwklfnqhvv lv xqnqrzq/ wkh phdvxuhg lqwhqvlw| udwlrv uhodwlyh wr wkh exon vwdqgdugv iru?op dqg vxevwudwh hohphqwv fdq eh xvhg lq dq lwhudwlyh surfhgxuh wr fdofxodwh lw1

Wklv ?uvw dssur{lpdwlrq zrunv ?qh dv orqj dv wkh gl>huhqfh lq dwrplf qxpehuehwzhhq wkh vxevwudwh dqg ?op hohphqwv lv vpdoo/ vd| 6 wr 7 xqlwv1 Zkhq krzhyhu/wkh dwrplf qxpehu ri hohphqwv lq wkh vxevwudwh lv vxevwdqwldoo| kljkhu ru orzhu wkdqwkh dwrplf qxpehu ri wkh hohphqw lq ?op/ d fruuhfwlrq kdv wr eh dssolhg lq rughuwr ghdo zlwk wkhvh gl>huhqfhv1 Wklv sureohp lv vroyhg e| xvlqj wkh iroorzlqj edvlfdvvxpswlrqv=

î Wkh ã} vfdoh lq hdfk sduwlfxodu * +ã}, fxuyh lv frqwlqxrxv dfurvv wkh lqwhuidfhv/dqg iru hdfk hohphqw lq wkh ?op ru vxevwudwh/ rqo| rqh frqwlqxrxv * +ã}, fxuyhlv fdofxodwhg1

î Rqo| wkh * +ã}, fxuyhv iru wkh hohphqwv lq wkh ?op duh d>hfwhg e| wkh qdwxuh dqgwklfnqhvv ri wkh rwkhu ?opv dqg wkh vxevwudwh/ zkhuhdv wkh vxevwudwh hohphqwfxuyhv uhpdlq xqd>hfwhg1

î Wkh vkdsh sdudphwhuv ò/ ã}p/ *3/ dqg IL/ dv ghvfulehg lq vhfwlrq 618/ iru wkh* +ã}, fxuyhv ri hdfk hohphqw lq wkh ?op ydu| ehwzhhq wzr h{wuhphv/ w|slfdo rihlwkhu h{wuhpho| wklq ?opv ru h{wuhpho| wklfn ?opv1 Lq wkh odwwhu fdvh/ lw zloo ehfohdu wkdw wkh exon sdudphwhuv iru wkh ?op hohphqw zloo eh dssurdfkhg/ zkhuhdvlq wkh iruphu fdvh/ wkh sdudphwhuv fdq eh dssur{lpdwhg dv li wkh hohphqwzdv glvvroyhg lq wkh vxevwudwh1 Lq doo lqwhuphgldwh fdvhv/ wkh sdudphwhuv duhfrpsrvhg wkurxjk zhljkwlqj surfhgxuhv/ lq zklfk wkh Jdxvvldq sdudphwhuv iruhdfk sduwlfxodu hohphqw lq hdfk ri wkh od|huv dqg lq wkh vxevwudwh duh dvvljqhgvshfl?f zhljkw idfwruv ghshqglqj rq wkh glvwdqfh wr wkh od|hu h{dplqhg1

Fdofxodwlrqv lqyroyhg zlwk wklq ?op dssurdfk1

Lq wkh iroorzlqj glvfxvvlrq rq wkh wklq ?op dssurdfk/ wkh vxevfulswv e/ i / dqg v zlooeh xvhg wr lqglfdwh wkdw zh duh ghdolqj zlwk exon/ ?op ru vxevwudwh txdqwlwlhv1

D vwhs e| vwhs glvfxvvlrq ri wkh wklq ?op surfhgxuh=

41 Iluvwo| wkh exon vwdqgdug lqwhqvlwlhv iru doo hohphqwv lq ?op dqg vxevwudwh duhfdofxodwhg1 Iru wkdw/ wkh ò/ ã}p/ *3/ dqg IL ydoxhv iru hdfk hohphqw l duh ehlqj

74


fdofxodwhg dffruglqj wr wkh exon surjudp1

51 Wkh ò ydoxhv iru hohphqw l0udgldwlrq lq doo rwkhu hohphqwv m duh fdofxodwhg1Vxevhtxhqwo| wkh ò ydoxhv iru wkh ?op hohphqwv duh frpsrvhg rq wkh edvlv riwkh exon frpsrvlwlrqv ri ?op dqg vxevwudwh wr |lhog òle>i dqg òle>v uhvshfwlyho|1Wkhvh ò ydoxhv zloo eh xvhg odwhu lq d zhljkwlqj surfhgxuh wr hvwdeolvk wkh ?qdoòl0ydoxh w|slfdo iru wkh frpsohwh ?op2vxevwudwh frpelqdwlrq1

61 Lq d vlplodu zd| wkh frpsrvhg ydoxhv ri ã}p/ *3/ dqg IL iru wkh exon frpsr0vlwlrqv ri ?op dqg vxevwudwh duh ehlqj fdofxodwhg iru hdfk hohphqw l0udgldwlrq1Li dq hohphqw rffxuv lq pruh wkdq rqh od|hu ru lq erwk ?op dqg vxevwudwh/ hdfkhohphqw0od|hu frpelqdwlrq lv odehoohg dqg fdofxodwhg vhsdudwho|/ dqg odwhu rq/dgghg wr |lhog wkh wrwdo hplwwhg lqwhqvlw| iru wkdw vshfl?f hohphqw1

71 Wkh qh{w dqg fuxfldo vwhs lv wr hvwdeolvk wkh ghswk ri shqhwudwlrq U{ iruhdfk hohphqw l0udgldwlrq1 Vlqfh wkhuh lv qr ?{hg hqg wr wkh Jdxvvldq fxuyhd frqyhqlhqw phdvxuh kdg wr eh fkrvhq dw zklfk wkh Jdxvvldq kdv gursshgehorz d fhuwdlq ohyho1 Edvhg xsrq wkh roghu/ vxuidfh fhqwuhg/ Jdxvvldq prgho/Edvwlq ghvfulehg wklv srlqw e| ã} @ ã}lp . 5=8@ò

l1 Vxevwlwxwlqj wklv srlqw lqwkh htxdwlrq ri uljkw kdqg sduw ri wkh grxeoh Jdxvvldq fxuyh iru wkh jhqhudwhglqwhqvlw| 61; uhvxowv lq=

*ýã}lp . 5=8@ò

lü@ *p h{s

íý ýòlü5 ýã}lp . 5=8@òl ý ã}lpü5ì

@ 3=334<63 ü *p +714,

Wklv fruuhvsrqgv wr wkh srlqw zkhuh wkh * +ã}, fxuyh gursv ehorz derxw 315 (ri lwv pd{lpxp1

Krzhyhu/ wkh ?qdo òl ydoxh lv |hw xqnqrzq dqg kdv wr eh fdofxodwhg e| dfrpelqdwlrq ri òle>i dqg ò

le>v/ xvlqj zhljkwlqj idfwruv wr zhljk wkhlu frqwulexwlrqv

ryhu wkh uhohydqw pdvv ghswk uhjlrq grzq wr U{1 Vlqfh U{zdv wkh xqnqrzq wreh fdofxodwhg wklv sureohp kdg wr eh vroyhg e| xvlqj dq lwhudwlyh surfhgxuh1+Qrwh wkdw *p lv dovr xqnqrzq,1

Lq wkh zhljkwlqj surfhgxuh +vlplodu wr wkh rqh xvhg e| Srxfkrx dqg Slfkrlu^:`^;`,/ wkh zhljkwlqj idfwruv s iru hdfk sdudphwhu duh ghvfulehg dv ixqfwlrq riwkh pdvv ghswk e| d irxuwk ghjuhh sro|qrpldo=

s +ã}, @ Q +ã} ý O,5 ü +ã} ýU,5 +715,

lq zklfk O dqg U duh ixqfwlrqv ri U{ rswlplvhg iru wkh vshfl?f sdudphwhu1 Odqg U duh wkh grxeoh urrwv rq wkh ohiw dqg uljkw kdqg vlgh ri wkh sro|qrpldo

75


dqg Q lv d qrupdolvdwlrq idfwru wkdw hqvxuhv wkh qrupdolvdwlrq xqghu wkh s +ã},fxuyh1 Iru wkh ghwhuplqdwlrq ri wkh dssursuldwh U{ ydoxh/ lq rughu wr ghwhuplqhwkh ?fwlwlrxv *hqg* ri wkh * +ã}, fxuyh iru hohphqw l/ wkh rswlplvhg urrwv xvhgduh O @ ý3=7U{ dqg U @ U{1Wr vwduw wkh lwhudwlyh surfhgxuh/ wkh dyhudjh ri wkh

ýã}lp . 5=8@ò

lüydoxhv iru

wkh exon ri wkh ?op dqg wkh vxevwudwh lv wdnhq dv dq lqlwldo urxjk hvwlpdwlrqri U{1 Zlwk wklv lqlwldo U{ ydoxh dqg wkh urrwv phqwlrqhg deryh/ d qhz U{lv fdofxodwhg e| lqwhjudwlrq ri wkh s ixqfwlrq1 Wkh qhzo| rewdlqhg U{ ydoxh lvfrpsduhg wr wkh suhylrxv rqh dqg wkh lwhudwlyh surfhgxuh lv vwrsshg zkhq wkhuhodwlyh ghyldwlrq lv vpdoohu wkdq 314 (1 Li qrw/ wkh qhz U{ ydoxh lv djdlq xvhgwr fdofxodwh qhz U dqg O ydoxhv dqg wkh surfhgxuh lv uhshdwhg1

81 Rqfh wkh ?qdo U{ ydoxh kdv ehhq rewdlqhg/ wkh irxu sdudphwhuv wr ghvfulehwkh * +ã}, fxuyh iru hdfk hohphqw lq wkh ?op2vxevwudwh frpelqdwlrq fdq ehghwhuplqhg e| fdofxodwlqj wkh zhljkw idfwruv xvlqj wkh dffrpsdq|lqj U dqgO ixqfwlrqv iru hdfk sdudphwhu1 Edvwlq rswlplvhg wkhvh urrwv e| xvlqj wklq?op gdwd iurp olwhudwxuh dqg ?qh0wxqlqj wkhq e| xvlqj wkh wklq ?op gdwdedvh riphdvxuhphqwv shuiruphg lq rxu rzq jurxs/ dqg irxqg wkh iroorzlqj h{suhvvlrqv=

O U

ò ý3=6U{ U{ã}p ý3=<U{ 3=:U{IL ý3=;U{ U{*3 ý3=8U{ 3=8U{

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91516 Ehdp fxuuhqw dqg vwdelolw|

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:6


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91517 HGV vwdelolw|

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:7

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:8


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:9

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91714 Exon vshflphq frpsrvlwlrqv

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91715 Xvhg suhsdudwlrq whfkqltxhv

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Wdeoh 9151 Srolvklqj phwkrgv xvhg iru sxuh hohphqwv vwdqgdugv dqg exon elqdu| frp0srxqgv1

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91716 Vwdqgdugv

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Vriwzduh 9181

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918 Vriwzduh

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